Directories and Paths
- . This layer directory
- .. Upper Directory
- -Previous working directory
- ~ Home Folder
- ~ account Specifies the user's home folder, accounts--name
- CD Switch Directory
- PWD (Print working directory) displays the current directory
- mkdir Create a new directory
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- Mkdir-p T1/t2/t3 Creating a multi-tiered catalog
- MKDIR-M 711 T1 Create file permissions
- RmDir Delete an empty directory
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- Rmdir-p T2 together with delete upper empty directory
- Environment variable: the command that $PATH executes will find the relevant command according to this path, and return it. Echo $PATH
File directory: LS
- Ls-a All Files
- Ls-a All Files! =. || ..
- Ls-d listing the directory itself
- Ls-f not sorted
- Ll-al View Detail Instructions LL
Copy, delete, move: CP, RM, MV
- Cp-a equivalent to-PDR
- Cp-i overwrite existing files before asking
- Recursive replication of Cp-r subdirectories
- Cp-p file attributes are copied together for backup
- Cp-l creating shortcuts, hard links
- Cp-s creating shortcuts, soft connections
- Rm-f ignore files that do not exist
- Rm-i Interactive mode, reminder action
- Rm-r Recursive deletion
- Mv-f forced override
- Mv-i Inquiry
- Mv-u Update
File Content Query
- Cat starts displaying file contents from the first line
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- -a special character display equivalent to-vet
- -B line number, blank line does not count
- -e Display break characters $
- -N Print line number, blank line is also counted
- -T tab display ^i
- -V lists days special characters
- The TAC starts with the last line showing
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- TAC is the opposite of cat
- NL output line number when displayed
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- -B A blank line also displays the line number; Nl-b T blank line does not display line number
- -N-Ln line number on the left of the screen; Nl-n RN line number in the right side of the field, without 0;nl-n RZ to add 0
- The number of digits occupied by the-W line number
- More one Page one page display
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- Space page
- Enter Scrolls one line
- : F file name and current line count
- Q exit
- B or Ctrl-b back page
- /string current display, query string down
- Less with more, but you can page ahead
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- Space page
- PageDown down one page
- PageUp up a page
- Look up and down before and after
- /String down query
- ? string up Query
- n Repeating last Query
- N Reverse Repeating previous query
- Q exit
- Head first few lines, row-level units to select
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- n the number of rows displayed, default 10
- Tail end a few lines
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- -N After a few lines, default 10
- -F Continuous Monitoring
- OD binary mode read
Modify file time or create a new file: Touch
- Three more important time parameters: Ls-l The default is Mtime
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- Modification Time (Mtime): This is updated when the contents of the file are changed. --File contents
- Status Time (CTime): File status times--Permissions and properties
- Access Time (atime): File is fetched, updated-such as cat read
- Modified: The touch file does not exist and will automatically create the file
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- -A access time
- -C File Time
- -D date and time to be modified, or--date (date or time)
- -M Modify Mtime
- -T modification time [YYYYMMDDHHMM]
Default permissions and hidden permissions for files and directories
- Set hidden properties chattr; View hidden properties: lsattr
Default permissions for files Umask: Specifies the default value of permissions currently in the new file or directory (fractional refers to the permissions that need to be lost)
- View default permissions: Umask; Umask-s
- Set default permissions: Umask Current user Rights score user Group permission score other user group score; The score you set is the privilege score that needs to be lost on the default basis.
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- Umask-p umask-s Command
- Umask umask 022 The original default permissions are all permissions, now set to the current user group full permissions, the user group minus 2=w permissions, other user groups minus 2=w permissions
File hiding properties Charrt, lsattr
- chattr [+-=] [Asacdistu]
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- + Add a special parameter, other existing parameters will not move
- -delete a special parameter, other existing parameters do not move
- = re-assignment parameter
- A access time Atime will not be modified to reduce IO read/write
- S Synchronous Write to disk
- A root to set this property, only add or subtract data, cannot delete and modify
- C Storage, the first compressed files in the storage, read the first decompression and then read
- D can skip backup
- I let the file cannot be deleted, renamed, set connection, unable to write data, add data
- s remove files completely when deleting them
- U and S opposite
- lsattr [-adr]
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- -A Show hidden file properties
- The properties of the-D directory itself
- -R is displayed along with subdirectories
Viewing file types: Files
- Query for script file name: Which [-a] command
- File name lookup: Preference Whereis, database query fast, but will not find new additions
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- -B Find binary format files only
- -M only look for files under the description file manual path
- -S Find source file only
- -U find other special files that are not in the above three options
- File name lookup: followed by locate, with Whereis
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- -I ignores case-sensitive queries
- -R Regular Expression
- File name lookup: Last Find, find [Parh] option] [action], read disk speed down
.... Continue to add ....
linux-file, directory Management