Linux File System Architecture

First, Linux file system structure:

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RC.D cron.d src Lib local man bin

1. Rootfs: Root file system

/: The entry of the filesystem, the root directory, is the highest level directory.

/boot: System boot-related files, such as kernel, and grub (bootloader)

/dev: Device Special files

Device File Classification:

A. Block device: Random access, data block

B. Character device: Linear access, by character bit unit

C. Device number: Main device number (major) and secondary device number ()

/etc: Configuration file: eg:/etc/passwd

/etc/rc.d/startup configuration files and scripts

Home directory for users, the home directory of each user is usually the default of/home/username

/root: Administrator's home directory

/lib: library file, standard library file (dynamically linked shared library) that acts like a. dll file in Windows.

A. Static library:. A

B. Dynamic library:. dll (Windows),. So (Shell object)

/lib/modules: Kernel module files

/lost+found: This directory is usually empty, the system is not properly shutdown and left "homeless" files (what is called under Windows. chk) right here.

/media: mount point directory, mobile device

/MNT: mount point directory, additional temporary file system

/OPT: Optional directory, installation directory for early installation of third-party programs

/proc: Pseudo file system, kernel mapping file

/sys: Pseudo file system, root hardware device-related property mapping file

/tmp: Temp file,/var/tmp

/var: a variable file

/bin: Executable file, user command

/sbin: Managing Commands

/usr:universal share,read-only

/usr/bin: a multitude of applications

/usr/sbin: Some management programs for super users

/usr/lib: Common dynamic-link libraries and package profiles

/usr/local: Third-party software installation path

/usr/local/bin: Locally added command

/usr/local/sbin: Locally added hypervisor

/usr/local/lib: Locally added libraries

Naming rules for files under 2.Linux:

(1) cannot exceed 255 characters in length:

(2) cannot use/when file name

(3) strictly case-sensitive

3. Path

relative path: Find the path to the target location in relation to the current position

Absolute path: The path from the root directory to the target location

4. File type:

Normal files: typically streaming files

Catalog files: Used to represent and manage all files in the system

Linked files: For sharing files in different directories

Device files: including block device files and character device files, block device files representing disk files, CD-ROM, etc., character device files according to character Operation Terminal, keyboard and other devices.

Pipeline (FIFO) files: One way to provide interprocess communication

Socket file: This file type is related to network traffic

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Linux File System Architecture