Linux system setup and basic operation

Original address: http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-06/132391.htm

The following is the basic use of Linux system and system operation commands, directory structure and so on!

• How the Linux system works

  Graphical interface: RHEL6 uses the GNOME desktop environment pseudo-character terminal by default:
  Pseudo-character terminal correspondence program in graphical desktop environment: Gnome-terminal will be in the graphics
  Character interface: Switching between graphical interface and character interface
  Graphical interface-character Terminal: CTRL+ALT+FN
  Use in VMware environments: CTRL+ALT+SHIFT+FN
  Character Terminal--character terminal: ALT+FN
  Character Terminal-graphical interface: ALT+F7

• Directory Structure of Linux

Directory	Content
/boot	Storage System boot necessary files, including kernel files, boot menu configuration file. Recommended separate partitioning
/bin	The most basic configuration command in Linux system, the normal user also has permission to execute
/dev	Storage of hard disk, keyboard, mouse, optical drive and other device files in Linux
/etc	Storage of various configuration files in Linux systems, often using
/home	Ordinary users of the home directory, ordinary users can not exchange visits, recommended also separate partition
/root	Home directory for Super User root
/sbin	To store the most basic management commands in a Linux system, typically requiring administrator privileges to perform
/usr	Store other user applications, often divided into subdirectories, for different types of applications
/var	Storing frequently changing files in the system, such as logs, mails, scheduled tasks, etc., and recommends separate partitioning
/tmp	Temp directory, which holds temporary files for the system to run
/proc	is an image directory within the system that does not occupy hard disk space
/media	Often used to mount media files, CDs, etc.

• Linux basic commands

Command	Describe
Uname-r	View Kernel version
Uname-a	All
Cat/proc/cpuinfo	View CPU Information
Cat/proc/meminf	View memory Information
Hostname	Viewing host names and temporary modifications
Ifconfig	To view the active TCP/IP information, when viewing a single network card, you need to add the NIC name after the command (for example: Ifconfig eth0)
Shutdown–h now	Shutdown command
Halt
Init 0
Poweroff
Shutdown-r +15 ' The system would shutdown '	Indicates that the computer restarts after 15 minutes with a notification message "The system would shutdown"
Shutdown–r now	Restart command
Reboot
Init 6
Shutdown-c	Terminating shutdown tasks

Linux system setup and basic operation