Linux System Management--disk Management and system management

1.Linux Disk Management

Hard disk:

Mechanical hard-disk

Ssds

Mechanical type:

Track

Sector:512bytes

Cylinder: The basic unit of the partition;

Mbr:master Boot Record

512bytes

446:bootloader

64:filesystem Allocation table

16: Identify a partition

2:55aa

Disk interface type:

IDE (ATA): 133MB/S,/DEV/HD

scsi:640mb/s

sata:6gbps

sas:6gbps

usb:480mb/s

Identify the hard drive device:/DEV/SD

Mark a different hard drive device:/dev/sd[a-z]

Mark different partitions on the same device:/dev/sd[a-z][1-]

1-4: Primary or extended partition identification

5 +: Logical partition identification

Device Files: Special files

Device number:

Major, minor

Major: Device type

Minor: Different devices under the same type

"Block": block, Random device

"Character": Character, linear device

Gpt

Partitioning: Separates the storage space into multiple small spaces, each of which can use the file system independently;

2. Partitioning tools:

Fdisk, parted, Sfdisk

Use of the Fdisk tool:

Support for up to 15 partitions on one hard drive;

Partition Management sub-command:

P: Display

N: Create

D: Delete

T: Modify the partition ID

L: List all support ID types

W: Save exit

Q: Discard Changes and exit

M: Get Help

FDISK/DEV/SDA, creating a new disk partition

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Fdisk-l/DEV/SDA confirm that the partition is established successfully

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After the creation is complete, check to see if the kernel has identified the new partition:

# cat/proc/partitions

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There are three commands that allow the kernel to reread the disk partition table:

CentOS 5:partprobe [DEVICE]

CentOS 6, 7:

Partx

Kpartx

PARTX command:

-A,--add add the specified partition or all partitions

-D,--delete delete the specified partition or all partitions

-S,--show list partitions

-U,--update update the specified partition or all partitions

-B,--bytes to print a SIZE in bytes rather than in an easy-to-read format

-G,--noheadings--show when the title is not printed

-N,--nr <n:m> specify partition range (for example:--nr 2:4)

-O,--output <type> define which output column to use

-P,--pairs using key= "value" output format

-R,--raw using native output format

-T,--type < type > Specify partition type (DOS, BSD, Solaris, etc.)

-V,--verbose verbose mode

KPARTX command:

Kpartx-af DEVICE

3. System File Management

To create a file system:

Perform formatting on a partition (advanced formatting)

To use a file system, two conditions are met:

Kernel: Support for this file system

User space: There are file System management tools

Create tool: Mkfs (make filesystem)

-T,--type=< type > file system type; If not specified, ext2 will be used

Fs-options parameters of the actual file system Builder

< device > path to use the device

< size > To use the number of blocks on the device

-V,--verbose explains the operation in progress;

Specifying-v multiple times will result in an empty run (Dry-run)

MKFS-T type DEVICE

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Mkfs.type DEVICE

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Special management tools for the EXT series file system:

mke2fs-t {EXT2|EXT3|EXT4} DEVICE

-B block:1024, 2048, 4096

-L ' LABEL ': Set volume label

Blkid command:

Blkid DEVICE

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File System Properties View and adjustment tools:

E2label

E2lable DEVICE [LABEL]

Tune2fs

Displays the properties of the Ext series file system, or adjusts its properties;

-L: Displays information in the Super block, and displays information about the properties and layout of the entire file;

-L ' LABEL ': Modify the volume label;

-M #: Adjust the percentage of administrative space reserved to administrators;

-J:EXT2-Ext3

-O: File System Properties start or close

-O: File system default mount option enabled or closed

DUMPE2FS:

-H: Displays only the Super block information;

File System Detection:

Fsck:filesystem Check

FSCK-T type

Fsck.type

-A: Auto fix error

-r: Interactive fix error

-F: Force detection

E2fsck:ext Series file system-specific detection and repair tools;

-Y: Auto Answer "yes"

-f:force

4. File system mount and use

Mount points: mount point, device mounted to directory;

Note: After the mount point is mounted, its internal files are temporarily hidden, and an empty directory is used as the mount point;

Mount Method:

Mount: Displays all devices that are already mounted on the current system by reading the/etc/mtab file;

MOUNT-A: Mounts all file systems in the/etc/fstab file that support automatic mounting;

mount [Options] [-o options] DEVICE mount_point

[Options]: Command options

[-O options]: Mount options

Device: Devices to be mounted

(1) Device file:/dev/sda5

(2) Volume Label:-L ' LABEL '

(3) uuid:-u ' UUID '

(4) pseudo file system name

Mount_point: Mount point

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Umount: Uninstall command

# Umount DEVICE

# Umount Mount_point

To view the process that is accessing the specified mount point:

# fuser-v Mount_point

Terminates all processes that are accessing the specified mount point:

# fuser-km Mount_point

5. Create a 10G file system, type EXT4, require boot to automatically mount to/mydata directory

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Mount the previously created 10G to MyData

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Linux System Management--disk Management and system management