Linux System Management (ii) System setup and basic operations

Today's post is the basic operation of the Linux system.

The use of GNOME graphical desktops, the directory structure of Linux systems, shutdown and restart simple command operations.

In the Linux operating system, users can complete various computer and administrative tasks through different interfaces. Depending on the appearance and operating characteristics of the interface, it can usually be divided into graphical interface, command line interface .

Graphical interface: The graphical interface of Linux system consists of a series of windowing applications, including user login interface, desktop task management, resource manager and other applications, together form a complete set of desktop systems. Red Hat is often used now

The RHEL 5 system offers two of the most popular graphical desktop suites in the current Linux/unix, GNOME (GNU Network object Model environment, GNU Web Objects Modeling Environment), and KDE (Kool desktop Enviro Nment, Kool desktop environment). The Gnome suite, which is part of the GNU Free software program, uses the GTK + graphics library, which facilitates the development of a variety of application software based on the GNOME desktop, contributing to the wide application of the GNOME Desktop suite. The KDE suite uses the QT graphics library, but the QT library is not originally free software (which is one of the reasons for the GNOME project), and it is only after 1998 that the GPL license has been introduced. In Rhel 5, the default is the GNOME desktop.

Command line interface: The graphical desktop suite continues to evolve into a Linux system that has won more and more individual users. For Linux, however, the most powerful thing is not the graphical interface, but the use of graphics-the command-line interface, or the character interface.

Long-term character pattern of Linux system, is widely used in Enterprise Server domain. There is no fancy graphics program in the character interface, the mouse operation is also weakened, and the operation instruction of the string form is greatly enhanced, and all the tasks of the Linux management system can be accomplished by the command line almost.

Enter the graphical interface

User login verification before using Linux system. The RHEL 5 system will automatically enter the windows of the graphical login screen after each boot, if a desktop graphics suite such as Gnome is installed. You can log in to the system by entering the user's password after you enter the username (for example, root) and follow the prompts.

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Go to command interface

In the Rhel 5 system graphical interface, to enter the command line interface, you can use the shortcut key CTRL+ALT+FN, switch to the nth virtual character console, where Fn represents F1, F2, F3 ... F6 function keys. RHEL 5 is enabled by default for 6 virtual terminals. Used to log in to the pure character mode of the interface, the 6 virtual terminals are represented as tty1, Tty2 、。。。。 Tty6.

In the character mode Virtual Console, you also need to earn accounts, and passwords. Enter the character interface when the login is successful. (character interface input password is not displayed)

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The terminal in a graphical environment

In a GNOME graphical desktop environment that is already logged in, you do not like to switch to the TTY character terminal and perform command-line operations, and you can right-click the blank space of the desktop to open it as a terminal, which is actually provided by the Gnome-terminal window program, but the window needs to be run in a graphical environment. is not a true pure character terminal.

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directory Structure of Linux systems

In the GNOME desktop, double-click Computer in the Desktop area, select File System, and you can see the local directory and file resources of the Linux system.

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The directory and file data in the Linux system are organized into a "tree" directory structure, all partitions, directories, files and so on have a same location starting point-"root directory", the Linux system has only one root directory, and unlike Windows each with a partition has a root directory, There is a difference in this point.

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/root directory
Bin executable file directory
Boot system startup
Dev External devices
ETC configuration file
Home User Home Directory
LIB Library file directory
usr usr directory
var dynamic file directory
Proc Virtual file Directory

Simple query commands for Linux

View Kernel version: Uname-r

View Cpu:cat/proc/cpuinfo

View Memory: Cat/proc/meminfo

View Host Name: hostname

View IP Address: ifconfig or ifconfig Etho

Shutdown operation: shutdown-h now or Poweroff

Restart operation: Shutdown-r now or reboot

Delay shutdown or restart operation: Shutdown-r ' The system would be rebooted!! ’

This article is from "Hong Cang LAN" blog, please make sure to keep this source http://chinak.blog.51cto.com/10602050/1691263

Linux System Management (ii) System setup and basic operations