Linux Tomcat Introduction

Introduction to JDK JRE JVM

• JDK (Java Development Kit): Is the Java language Development Toolkit, which provides the Java language development tool, which contains the JRE, but also contains the Jvmjava virtual machine.
  • JRE (Java Runtime Environment): Is the Java language operating environment, it contains the Java virtual machine, which is the JVM, but also contains the Java language to run the core class library.
    • JVM (Java Virtual Machine): Implementing virtual machines that rely on Java for cross-platform needs

Java Frame composition

It is said that Java was originally used to make a TV set-top box, then appeared web,jdk+ servlet,jsp mode to make Java suddenly popular, servlet function is similar to CGI, used to explain websocket,jsp is to better write HTML, Writes the Java statement in the JSP as a label, Jasper the. jsp file to be translated. java. Traditional. Java is translated into a. Class by the Javac compiler and runs on the JVM, so. Class is not a real computer binary code, but a JVM is compiled at a time. Class can be interpreted as a computer-aware binary code.
Tomcat implements some of the features of Java 2 EE, such as servlet,jsp, which is an open source software, followed by a major introduction to Tomcat.

OpenJDK with the JDK, the former open source, the latter is Oracle company owned, Red Hat's base warehouse is included in the OPENJDK.

OPENJDK Installation

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64

Java_home Configuration

[[email protected] alertscripts]# which java/usr/bin/java[[email protected] alertscripts]# ll /usr/bin/javalrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Jun 12 15:03 /usr/bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java[[email protected] alertscripts]# ll /etc/alternatives/javalrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 73 Jun 12 15:03 /etc/alternatives/java -> /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.171-8.b10.el7_5.x86_64/jre/bin/java[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.shexport JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.171-8.b10.el7_5.x86_64

JDK Installation

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html[[email protected] ~]# wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u171-b11/512cd62ec5174c3487ac17c61aaa89e8/jdk-8u171-linux-x64.rpm[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u171-linux-x64.rpm

Java_home Configuration

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.shexport JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latestexport PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

Tomcat installation

[[email protected] jvm]# yum install tomcat会依赖tomcat-jsp-2.2-api   tomcat-servlet-3.0-api 还有其他很多#web相关安装[[email protected] jvm]# yum install tomcat-webapps tomcat-admin-webapps tomcat-doc-webapps

[[email protected] jvm]# systemctl start tomcat[[email protected] jvm]# ss -lntup|grep javatcp    LISTEN     0      100      :::8080                 :::*                   users:(("java",pid=103600,fd=49))tcp    LISTEN     0      1      ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005                 :::*                   users:(("java",pid=103600,fd=54))tcp    LISTEN     0      100      :::8009                 :::*                   users:(("java",pid=103600,fd=50))

Tomcat binary Installation

[[email protected] ~]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.88/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.88.tar.gz[[email protected] ~]# tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.88.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/[[email protected] local]# pwd/usr/local[[email protected] local]# ln -sv apache-tomcat-7.0.88 tomcat‘tomcat’ -> ‘apache-tomcat-7.0.88’[[email protected] local]# cd tomcat/[[email protected] tomcat]# lsbin  conf  lib  LICENSE  logs  NOTICE  RELEASE-NOTES  RUNNING.txt  temp  webapps  work

Environment variable Configuration

[[email protected] tomcat]# vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.shexport CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcatexport PAHT=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH

Startup scripts

[[email protected] tomcat]# catalina.sh -h[[email protected] tomcat]# catalina.sh configtest #配置文件测试[[email protected] tomcat]# catalina.sh start[[email protected] tomcat]# ss -lntup|grep javatcp    LISTEN     0      100      :::8080                 :::*                   users:(("java",pid=39807,fd=45))tcp    LISTEN     0      1      ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005                 :::*                   users:(("java",pid=39807,fd=51))tcp    LISTEN     0      100      :::8009                 :::*                   users:(("java",pid=39807,fd=46))

Tomcat configuration file composition

Server.xml: Master config file;
Web. xml: Each webapp can only be accessed after "deployed", and it is typically deployed in the web-inf/directory, which is defined by Web. XML, and this file provides default deployment-related configuration for all WebApps;
Context.xml: Each webapp can be a dedicated configuration file, which is usually defined by a dedicated configuration file context.xml, which is stored in the web-inf/directory, which provides default configuration for all WebApps;
Tomcat-users.xml: User-authenticated account and password file;
Catalina.policy: Used to set the security policy for Tomcat when you start Tomcat with the-security option;
The definition file for the Catalina.properties:Java property, which sets the class loader path and some parameters related to tuning the JVM;
Logging.properties: Log system-related configuration;

SHUTDOWN

SHUTDOWN can shut down the service so only listen on the local-1 do not listen, the production environment is best to turn off.

[[email protected] tomcat]# vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">  #[[email protected] usr]# telnet 127.0.0.1 8005#SHUTDOWN#[[email protected] usr]# ss -lntup|grep 8080#[[email protected] usr]# ss -lntup|grep 8005

Manager-gui

 [[email protected] Catalina]# vim /etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml    <role rolename="manager-gui"  />  <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui"/>[[email protected] Catalina]# systemctl restart tomcat

Admin-gui

Configure the virtual machine to be in memory and restart it.

[[email protected] Catalina]# vim /etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml<role rolename="admin-gui"/><!-- <role rolename="admin-script"/> --><!-- <role rolename="manager"/> --> <role rolename="manager-gui"  />  <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/>

Connector

Connector can define multiple

    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"               connectionTimeout="20000"               redirectPort="8443" />       <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />

Property:

port= "8080"
Protocol= "http/1.1"
connectiontimeout= "20000"
Address: The IP addresses of the listening, the default is the native all available addresses;
MaxThreads: Maximum number of concurrent connections, default is 200;
Enablelookups: Whether the DNS query feature is enabled; must be false, reverse client IP
Acceptcount: Maximum length of wait queue; half-link pool
Secure
Sslprotocol:

Host-context-valve

<Host name="www.test.deve" appBase="/www/data/test.dev" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">            <Context path="/abc" docBase="/www/data/test.dev/ROOT/abc/abc" reloadable=""/> #Context 跟 alias类似效果      <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"               prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" /></Host>

Host Common Properties Description:

(1) AppBase: The default directory of WebApps for this host, which is the directory of the non-archived Web application or the path to the archived war file directory; You can use a relative path based on the path defined by the $catalina_base variable;
(2) Autodeploy: When Tomcat is in the running state, it is automatically deployed to Tomcat when a webapp is placed in a directory defined by AppBase;

Log

Common-%h%l%u%t "%r"%s%b
Combined-%h%l%u%t "%r"%s%b "%{referer}i" "%{user-agent}i"
filedateformat= "Yyyy-mm-dd.hh"
%a-Remote IP address
· %A-Local IP address
· %b-Number of bytes sent, excluding HTTP headers, if 0, use "-"
· %B-Number of bytes sent, not including HTTP headers
· %H-Remote Host name (if resolvehost=false, remote IP address)
· %H-Request Agreement
· %L-The remote logical user name returned from Identd (Always return '-')
· %m-Method of request (Get,post, etc.)
· %p-Local port number to which the request was received
· %q-Query string (if present, to '? ') Start
· %r-the first line of the request, containing the requested method and URI
· %s-Status code of the response
· %s-session ID of the user
· %t-Log and time, using the usual log format
· %u-Remote user after authentication (if present, otherwise '-')
· %u-URI path of the request
· %V-Name of the local server
· %d-the time, in milliseconds, to process the request
· %T-the time, in seconds, to process the request

[[email protected] data]# cat /var/log/tomcat/test.deve_access_log.2018-06-13.log192.168.1.104 - - [13/Jun/2018:08:27:02 +0800] "GET /abc/index2.jsp HTTP/1.1" 200 91192.168.1.104 - - [13/Jun/2018:08:27:02 +0800] "GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.1" 404 971192.168.1.104 - - [13/Jun/2018:08:27:05 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 91

Anti-generational

Nginx Reverse, Load balancer refer to http://blog.51cto.com/marvin89/2122976

server {        listen       80;        server_name  www.test.deve;        index index.php;        location  / {                proxy_set_header Host $host;                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;                proxy_pass http://192.168.1.200:8080/;            }  }

Apache,proxy_http_module Proxy Configuration Example

    <VirtualHost *:80>        ServerName      www.test.deve        ProxyRequests Off           #关闭正向代理        ProxyVia        On        ProxyPreserveHost On        <Proxy *>            Require all granted        </Proxy>        ProxyPass / http://192.168.1.200:8080/        ProxyPa***everse / http://192.168.1.200:8080/   #它一般和ProxyPass指令配合使用，此指令使Apache调整HTTP重定向应答中Location, Content-Location, URI头里的URL，这样可以避免在Apache作为反向代理使用时。            <Location />            Require all granted        </Location>    </VirtualHost>

Apache,proxy_ajp_module Proxy Configuration Example

    <VirtualHost *:80>        ServerName      www.test.deve        ProxyRequests Off        ProxyVia        On        ProxyPreserveHost On        <Proxy *>            Require all granted        </Proxy>            ProxyPass / ajp://192.168.1.200:8009/             ProxyPa***everse / ajp://192.168.1.200:8009/         <Location />            Require all granted        </Location>    </VirtualHost>

Apache Load Balancer

Need to load modules, the latter several are algorithms, load on demand

LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.soLoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.soLoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.soLoadModule lbmethod_bytraffic_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bytraffic.soLoadModule lbmethod_bybusyness_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bybusyness.soLoadModule lbmethod_heartbeat_module modules/mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.so

Introducing Session Binding Load

Header add Set-cookie "routeid=.%{balancer_worker_route}e; path=/"env=balancer_route_changed #session <proxy balancer://tcsrvs> balancermember http://192.168.1.201:808 0 Route=tomcata loadfactor=1 #route session balancermember http://192.168.1.200:8080 ROUTE=TOMCATB loadfactor= 1 #route session Proxyset lbmethod=byrequests proxyset Stickysession=routeid #session &LT;/PROXY&GT;&L T VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.test.deve proxyrequests Off Proxyvia on Proxypreservehost        On <proxy *> Require all granted </Proxy> proxypass/balancer://tcsrvs/ proxypa***everse/balancer://tcsrvs/<location/> Require all granted </locat                ion> <Location/balancer-manager> SetHandler Balancer-manager proxypass! Require all granted </Location></VirtualHost>

Memcache Session Dual Write configuration

依赖包[[email protected] ~]# wget http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/de/javakaffee/msm/memcached-session-manager/2.1.1/memcached-session-manager-2.1.1.jar[[email protected] ~]# wget http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/de/javakaffee/msm/memcached-session-manager-tc7/2.1.1/memcached-session-manager-tc7-2.1.1.jar[[email protected] ~]# wget http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/net/spy/spymemcached/2.12.1/spymemcached-2.12.1.jar[[email protected] ~]# wget http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/de/javakaffee/msm/msm-javolution-serializer/2.1.1/msm-javolution-serializer-2.1.1.jar[[email protected] ~]# wget http://www.java2s.com/Code/JarDownload/javolution/javolution-5.4.3.1.jar.zip

Dependency Package File Location

[[email protected] tomcat]# rpm -ql tomcat-lib/usr/share/java/tomcat/ ******

Configuration file

<Context path="/test" docBase="test" reloadable="true">      <Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager"        memcachedNodes="n1:192.168.1.200:11211,n2:192.168.1.202:11211"        failoverNodes="n1"        requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$"        transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.javolution.JavolutionTranscoderFactory"      /></Context>

Configure test scripts for each node

[[email protected] conf]# mkdir -pv /www/data/test.dev/WEB-INF/{classes,lib}[[email protected] conf]# vim /www/data/test.dev/test/index.jsp<%@ page language="java" %>



Compared to the program implementation advantages, no need to detect which node failure, automatic selection.

Optimize---memory

JVM Heap Memory Architecture diagram

Memory usage

Jstat

[[email protected] conf]# jstat -gc 116986 S0C    S1C    S0U    S1U      EC       EU        OC         OU       MC     MU    CCSC   CCSU   YGC     YGCT    FGC    FGCT     GCT37376.0 37376.0  0.0   24164.8 99840.0  27025.7   349696.0   55422.0   18432.0 17770.9 2048.0 1809.8      7    0.217   0      0.000    0.217

Parameter description

s0c, s1c, s0u, S1u:survivor 0/1 area Capacity (capacity) and usage (used)
EC, Eu:eden area capacity and usage
OC, OU: Capacity and usage for older generations
PC, PU: Permanent generation capacity and consumption
YGC, YGT: Young generation GC times and GC time-consuming
FGC, Fgct:full GC times, and full GC time-consuming
GCT:GC Total time-consuming

The contents of the display are described below (some of the results are shown by other parameters and are not described):
S0C: Capacity of the first Survivor (Survivor area) in the Young Generation (bytes)
S1C: Capacity of the second survivor (Survivor area) in the younger generation (bytes)
S0U: The first survivor (Survivor area) of the young generation has currently used space (bytes)

S1U: The second survivor (Survivor area) of the young generation has currently used space (bytes)
EC: The Capacity of Eden (Eden) in the Young Generation (bytes)
EU: Eden (Eden) in the young generation has currently used space (bytes)
Capacity of the Oc:old generation (bytes)
Ou:old currently used space (bytes)
Pc:perm (persistent generation) capacity (bytes)
Pu:perm (persistent generation) currently used space (bytes)
YGC: Number of GC times in young generations from application startup to sampling
YGCT: The time taken by the GC in the young generation from application startup to sampling (s)
FGC: The recycle mechanism (all memory runs out) of the old (full GC) GC when it is started from the application to sampling, and it will get stuck
FGCT: Time taken from an old (full GC) GC when the application boots to sampling (s)
GCT: GC Total time from Application boot to sample (s)
NGCMN: initial (minimum) size in Young generation (bytes)
NGCMX: Max capacity of young generation (bytes)
NGC: Current capacity in young generation (bytes)
The size (in bytes) of the initialization (minimum) in ogcmn:old generation
Maximum capacity of the Ogcmx:old generation (bytes)
The current newly generated capacity of the Ogc:old generation (bytes)
The size (in bytes) of the initialization (minimum) in pgcmn:perm generation
Maximum capacity of the Pgcmx:perm generation (bytes)
The current newly generated capacity of the Pgc:perm generation (bytes)
S0: The first survivor (Survivor area) of the young generation has been used as a percentage of current capacity
S1: The second survivor (Survivor area) in the younger generation has been used as a percentage of current capacity
E: Eden (Eden) in the young generation has been used as a percentage of current capacity
Percentage of current capacity used by O:old generation
Percentage of current capacity used by P:perm generation
S0CMX: Maximum Capacity (bytes) of the first Survivor (Survivor area) in the young generation
S1CMX: Maximum capacity of the second survivor (Survivor area) in the younger generation (bytes)
ECMX: Maximum capacity of Eden (Eden) in the Young Generation (bytes)
DSS: Capacity (bytes) currently required for Survivor (surviving area) (Eden area Full)
TT: Limited number of holds
MTT: Maximum number of hold limit

RPM installation, configuration parameter location

[[email protected] conf]# vim /etc/sysconfig/tomcat

Parameter description

java_opts= "-server-xms32g-xmx32g-xx:newsize=-xx:maxnewsize=-xx:permsize=-xx:maxpermsize="
-server: Server model
-XMS: Heap memory initialization size;
-XMX: Maximum heap memory space;
-xx:newsize=: The size of cenozoic space initialization;
-xx:maxnewsize=: Cenozoic space maximum;
-xx:permsize=: Persistent generation space initialization size; After JDK8 2 items are not specified
-xx:maxpermsize=: Maximum value of persistent generation space;

Demo (Test Demo): Single Java single serve memory up to 32G. The actual Java still eats the memory, as far as possible allocates

JAVA_OPTS="-Xmx512m -Xms512m"   #一般分配一个最大值和新生代最大值，老年代自动分配好了

Optimize---thread pool

<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"  connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />

Common Properties:

MaxThreads: Maximum number of threads;
Minsparethreads: Minimum number of idle threads;
Maxsparethreads: Maximum number of idle threads;
Acceptcount: The maximum length of the wait queue;
Uriencoding:uri address encoding format, it is recommended to use UTF-8;
Enablelookups: Whether to enable DNS resolution, it is recommended to disable;
Compression: Whether to enable the transport compression mechanism, the proposed "on";
Compressionminsize: The minimum value of the data stream to enable compression transmission, in bytes;
Compressablemimetype: Defines the MIME type that enables the compression feature;
Text/html, Text/xml, Text/css, Text/javascript

Optimize---Hidden version information

<Connector port="8080"   protocol="HTTP/1.1" Server="SOME STRING"  connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />

Linux Tomcat Introduction