Linux generates background

by Francis_hao Oct 26,2016

A long time ago, around 1965, a project called Multics was launched by Bell, MIT and General Electric (GE), with the aim of squeezing the resources of the computer at that time and expecting to deliver more than 300 terminal connections at the same time. The project itself was very complex and could not see hope, so Bell Labs withdrew from the project around 1969. (The project is finally successful, but that's not the point)

Quit project for a member of Bell Labs, Ken Thompson. Time is a little more abundant, so want to play "space travel" of the game, but in order to play more comfortable, I transplanted this game to PDP-7, of course, this requires an operating system, because there is a previous project experience, soon done a simplified version of the system UNICs, although his purpose in the game , but the system was widely circulated inside the lab.

Because the UNICs system was written by sinks and was inconvenient to transplant to other machines, Thompson and his colleague, Ritchie, wanted to rewrite the following in high-level languages, but the most appropriate was the B language, and the compiled performance did not satisfy them, so Dennis Ritchie the B language into the C language, and the C language to write the UNICs kernel, renamed to unix,1973, Unix and C language appeared.

After that, UNIX and C first became popular in academia, where Bill Joy of the University of California, Berkeley, ported the source code and added tools and compilers, and named Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), Bill Joy was also one of the founders of Sun's later company. In addition, IBM also has its own AIX, and Hp,dec has developed a Unix-fit version of its own machine

Bell Labs, which is affiliated to the US telecom company at and T, is named system V, and because of commercial considerations, the seventh edition of Unix, released in 1979, has been copyrighted and has specifically proposed "no source code for students". So the development of UNIX is also over.

UNIX, now a thoroughbred, is two sets of System V and BSD.

Time came 1984 years, also a great year, a Dutch university professor in order to teach Unix in class and avoid copyright controversy, so he began to write a Unix-like system Minix, took more than two years to complete. At the same time, Richard Mathew Stallman (Storman) launched the GNU Project this year and established the Free Software Foundation (Freedom Software FOUNDATION,FSF) as a proprietary software to avoid the use of free software developed by the GNU to be exploited by others. General public LICENSE,GPL, the GPL emphasizes that software is free to acquire, reproduce, modify and redistribute, and to inherit the GPL's licensing model, and not only to sell its software, nor to modify software copyrights. Several important software developed by GNU at that time

Emacs

GNU C (GCC)

GNU C Library (GLIBC)

Bash Shell

1991, Linus Torvalds in learning Minix, think Minix still have some shortcomings, so reference Minix himself wrote an operating system, put on the internet and posted on the BBS message, we can freely download use, due to some software compatibility issues, He modified some kernel code according to the POSIX standard, making Linux compatible with UNIX. Linux soon joined GNU, as the kernel of the GNU project, and the Linux operating system we normally call it should be gnu/linux. (Feel GNU poor, the Thunder was robbed by Linux)

At present, gnu/linux a few more important distributions

Red Hat, Fedora, Mandriva, SuSE, Debian, Slackware, Gentoo, Ubuntu, CentOS

Gnu/linux Release timeline (gnu/linux distribution Timeline) can be seen here:

Intercept section

Reference

Bird brother "Bird's Linux Private cuisine basic study" people post and Telecommunications press, 2010

Manuscripts: Seven Stars interconnection www1.qixoo.com

Linux generates background