Linux getting started Tutorial: upgrade from Fedora 21 to Fedora 22

Linux getting started Tutorial: upgrade from Fedora 21 to Fedora 22

Reading directory

• Introduction
• Update all packages of Fedora 21 to the latest status.
• Install the fedup package
• Upgrade System
• Resolves system upgrade errors
• Restart the system
• Changes to the new system

Introduction

Fedora 22 was released in May 26 with many new features. The yum package management system has been completely eliminated and replaced by dnf. The Application of Wayland goes further. The default use of wayland has been done for the machine learning platform for AI, but the default use of Xorg is still used for gnome-session. In the past, the new version was upgraded from the beginning, but this time, I used the policy to upgrade from Fedora 21 to Fedora 22 without installing it from the beginning. The upgrade process was smooth. After the upgrade, all my system configuration and beautification solutions were still there, and I felt that Fedora 22 was much more beautiful than Fedora 21. The following shows my upgrade process.

Update all packages of Fedora 21 to the latest status.

The first step is to update all packages of Fedora 21 to the latest status. Use onesudo dnf updateCommand:

sudo dnf update

In fact, you can use dnf to manage the software package in Fedora 21, but in 21, dnf and yum coexist, while in Fedora 22, yum is completely discarded. The dnf command is almost fully compatible with the yum command, and there is no difficulty in switching.

Install the fedup package

The tool for this upgrade is fedup. The package must be installed by yourself. The command is as follows:

sudo dnf install fedup

Upgrade System

The third step is to upgrade the system. Directly use the following command:

sudo fedup --network 22

Resolves system upgrade errors

I thought that the upgrade process would go smoothly. As a result, an accident occurred during the upgrade process. The error message is "UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii 'codec can't encode characters in position 32-34: ordinal not in range (128 )". It is clear that the parsing of ascii characters in python is incorrect. Search for the error message on the Internet and find that this is a problem in python script writing. Add the following code to the Python script to solve the problem:

import sysreload(sys)sys.setdefaultencoding( "utf-8" )

This indicates that the fedup software package still has some defects. I have submitted this Bug. However, I cannot modify the fedup script myself. How did I solve this problem? It's easy to change the system language to English. After the upgrade is complete, change the version to Chinese. That is to say, the Chinese system will encounter errors during the upgrade process, but the English system will not.

Restart the system

Restart the system and select the first item in the Grub startup interface, for example:

Wait until the upgrade is completed. This takes some time.

Changes to the new system

The upgrade process is smooth and the system after the upgrade is stable. The difference between the upgraded system and the new installed system is to maintain user configuration as much as possible. For example, my upgraded system has not even changed the wallpaper, while the newly installed system has another set of wallpapers. However, compared with Fedora 21, Fedora 22 remains slightly changed. The window theme is gone, and there is no way to set the window theme in gnome-tweak-tool. You can only set GTK + theme. Therefore, I said goodbye to clearlooks and selected the default topic. The default themes of Fedora 22 are much more beautiful than those of previous versions. For example, there is a gnome-terminal interface on the left, black, firefox interface on the right, white, and a faint halo on the edge of the window. It looks quite comfortable: