Linux history-Updating in progress

Linuxhistory

Write by Booboowei

[Email protected]

Summary: from the long-term teaching experience, beginner Linux babies, there are many people on the development of computers, the history of Linux is not clear, and even many are not computer hardware, network and other concepts. In order for the baby to have a good foundation, decided to integrate some important history into the document, in teaching can help the baby. The article mainly from the hardware development brief introduction, mainly introduces the IBM, T, DEC and other company's products, recorded some important concepts: X86 architecture, the world's first personal pc--altair 8800, IBM5150; Introduction to the operating system, Includes the history of Unix and the History of Linux.
It is currently in the update .

Copyright Notice:

This article follows the "Attribution non-commercial use same way share 2.5 mainland China" agreement

You are free to reproduce, distribute, exhibit, perform, show, broadcast or disseminate the work through an information network

You can make your own work according to this work.

You must make a signature of the work in a manner specified by the author or licensor.

You may not use this work for commercial purposes.

If you change, convert, or create based on this work, you may only use the same license

A derivative work based on this work may be published by agreement.

For any re-use or distribution, you must clearly display the terms of the license agreement used by this work to others.

You may not be subject to any of these conditions if you have the permission of the copyright owner.

Booboowei ([email protected])

Directory

1 Introduction to Hardware development

1.1x86 Architecture

1.2Altair 8800

1.3ibm5150

1.4MOS Technology 6502

2 Operating System Introduction

2.1Unix

2.2Linux

1Introduction to Hardware development

The following picture of the information needs to look closely oh ~ very interesting, each said that he is the world's first personal pc ha!

Be aware of the development of microprocessors, from 8 to 16, to 32.

Watch out for the subtle relationships between IBM, Microsoft, and Apple's three companies.

After the details will be updated, first!

650) this.width=650; "src=" Http://s5.51cto.com/wyfs02/M02/82/BF/wKioL1df4NTjypo_AAGs53jLpEA907.jpg "title=" History.jpg "alt=" Wkiol1df4ntjypo_aags53jlpea907.jpg "/>

1.1 x86 architecture

June 8, 1978, Intel released the new 16-bit microprocessor "8086", but also created a new era: the x86 architecture was born.

The X86 instruction set was developed by Intel Corporation for its first 16-bit CPU (i8086), and the cpu-i8088 (i8086 simplified version) of the world's first PC, introduced by IBM in 1981, is also the X86 directive. In addition, the X87 chip series math coprocessor, which increases the ability of floating-point data processing in the computer, uses the X87 instruction, and the X86 instruction set and the X87 instruction set are collectively referred to as the X86 instruction set. Although with the development of CPU technology, Intel has developed a new i80386, i80486 until today's PENTIUM4 (the following P4) series, but in order to ensure that the computer can continue to run the various applications developed in the past to protect and inherit rich software resources, So all the CPUs produced by Intel still continue to use the X86 instruction set, so its CPU still belongs to the X86 series.

1.2 Altair 8800

The first personal computer in the world-"Altair"

Eder Roberts (Edroberts) 's dream is to be a pediatrician. But fate let him join the United States Air Force, become an engineer. After his discharge, he founded a company called Mimzy (MITS) in the desert near the Aberkki City Airport in New Mexico State, producing various electronic components and equipment. The company has a period of time the operation is smooth. When the handheld calculators in the market were sold to $395, the company launched a similar product with less than $100. But soon after, Texas Instruments and other large companies quickly entered the market of handheld calculators, product prices fell sharply down to the cost of the company's price below. The sales of other products from the company are also very bad. By the year 1974, the company was on the verge of bankruptcy.

Roberts to think about how to reverse the company's predicament. He had an idea: could it be possible to create a cheap, personal-use computer? There are already many computer enthusiasts across the country who are eager to have a computer for personal play, just as many people tinker with homemade radios. There is no such thing on the market now. With that in mind, he persuaded the local bank to lend a loan to his company. The company must borrow at least another $70,000 to avoid bankruptcy. The bank was skeptical of Roberts's idea. Both sides have been talking about late at night. The banks, however, face a dilemma: either they stop lending to the company, let it go bankrupt, and the banks ' previous investments are all gone. or a loan, but the new loan is likely to go down again. Finally, the banks once again let Roberts tell them exactly when the PC could be developed and how many sets could be sold in the first year. Roberts is sure when he can do it, just for a few months. How many sets he can sell is completely out of the spectrum. So he said a very optimistic figure: the first year can sell 800 sets, so that sales can be $300,000. After getting the loan, the company fully develops personal computer products. The company must develop and sell the products in the shortest time, otherwise it will be hard to avoid bankruptcy. In order to shorten development time and reduce costs, Roberts decided to use off-the-shelf parts as far as possible, making the product is not a ready-made computer, but a set of components, users need to assemble themselves. All product features that are not required are removed. The product does not have today's microcomputer can not be suddenly missing keyboard, mouse, monitor, floppy and so on equipment.　　The product also does not have the software, all software (including so-called system software) all needs the user to enter the computer manually in the way of setting the switch one instruction.

No matter how humble, this is the world's first personal computer, also known as a microcomputer. The microcomputer products of the company have two incomparable advantages at that time. It was cheap and priced at less than $500, and at the time some of the big companies ' labs also made a microcomputer-like system costing around $50,000. In addition, Mimzy's microcomputer design has the so-called extensible capability. The user can buy the microcomputer of the meter to come back, oneself again idea with more memory board and external equipment. One user spent nearly $500 on a microcomputer and spent $3000 to expand the memory to 12KB. "E-Popular Science" (Popularelectronics) magazine, after hearing the news, keenly feel that this is a historic event, immediately decided to report in the January 1975 issue as a cover article. But this PC product doesn't even have a name. Roberts discussed various names in the editor House of the magazine. Just right, the editor's family is watching Star Trek TV. That section is just about the morning glory sign. Therefore, the world's first microcomputer is named "Altair", the full name is "Morning Glory star 8800 (Altair8800)".

Roberts never dreamed that there are so many computer enthusiasts all over the United States that everyone wants to have a computer. One months after the publication of "E-Science" magazine, the company has received more than 200 "Altair" computer orders every day. The production line was too late to meet sales demand. Some users simply live in the desert outside the company, waiting for their own microcomputer production. Most users simply purchase basic systems. There are also users willing to give 495 of dollars, let the company to produce an already assembled system.

Today, Roberts has left the computer industry. He returned to his hometown in Georgia and received a doctor's degree in medicine to treat children. He prides himself on creating a revolution in the field of computing, but does not regret giving up the computer industry and giving up the opportunity to become a millionaire. He felt that it was more meaningful to treat children. Eder Roberts is a very happy person, he realized the dream of childhood.

1.3 IBM5150

IBM launched the world's first personal computer August 12, 1981, the New York-based Armonk International Business Machine Company (IBM) launched 5150 of the new computer, "personal computer" This new market was born. IBM5150 looks like a beige "big box", priced at $1565, with only 16K bytes of memory, which can be used to download and store data using cassette recording tapes, plus a 5.25-inch software disk drive.

1.4 MOS Technology 6502

The whole universe was shocked when a goodwives geek put the microchip on the computer and started the computer. The geek is one of Apple's founders, Stephen Voznik, a computer that is Applei, with a 8-bit microprocessor developed by Morse Corporation 6502.

The processor is also the brains of Appleii, Thecommodore PET, Bbcmicro and other classic computers as well as gaming systems such as Nintendo and Atari. One of the processor's designers Chuckpeddle recalls that they launched the processor at a trade show in 1975. "We filled two glasses with chips," he said. My wife and I were sitting there selling the chips. ”

Morse's 6502 microprocessor has finally come to the fore because 6502 is no faster than its rivals, but it is cheap and priced at $25 per unit, while Intel's 8080 and Motorola's 6800 are priced at about $200.

This article is from the "74567456" blog, please be sure to keep this source http://74567456.blog.51cto.com/11657485/1789258

Linux history-Updating in progress