Linux Installation and service control

Linux Installation and service control

First, version

Red Hat corporate Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)

Http://www.redhat.com

Fedora Community Edition

Maintained by Red Hat-funded community, targeted to individual desktop users

http://fedoraproject.org

CentOS Community Edition

Community Enterprise Operating System (Community business operating system)

http://www.centos.org

Second, installation steps

Insert the RHEL6 installation CD and boot the installer

Set the host boot device as the optical drive

Booting the host from the installation CD

Detecting the integrity of the installation disc

Configuring the Setup program

Select the installation process display language, keyboard type, initialize disk,

Partition

Set network address, System time zone, Administrator password

Customizing the packages to be installed

Copying files and completing the installation process

Takes 10-30 minutes

Initializing the Rhel 6 system

Iii. installation of Rhel

6.5 Experimental Steps, (for a new installation of the whole process, the middle of the omitted part, the actual operation with the following steps in different places directly click Next can be)

1.1

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1.2

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1.3

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1.4

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1.5 (Memory tune to 2G, less than 2G graphical interface not installed)

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1.6 (can adjust the hard disk size according to your own needs)

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1.7 (after adjustment, click on the power directly)

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1.8

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1.9

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2.0

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2.1

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2.2

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2.3

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2.4

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2.5

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2.6

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2.7

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2.8

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2.9

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3.0

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3.1

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3.2

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3.3

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3.4

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3.5

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3.6

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3.7

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3.8

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3.9

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4.0

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4.1

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Iv. Overview of the boot process

1.1 Post

The CPU, memory, graphics card, keyboard and other devices will be tested based on the settings in the motherboard Blos.

1.2 MBR Boot

First, based on the settings of the MBR (Master BIIT record master boot record) in the first sector of the hard disk.

mbr:446 Bytes Grub Boot Menu

64-byte Partitioned table

2-byte checksum

1.3 Grub Menu

Grub is considered to be the most widely used multi-system boot program. After the system control is passed to grub, the display's Action menu is provided to the user, and the Linux kernel files are loaded according to the selected (or default), and then the system control is transferred to the kernel.

1.4 Loading the Linux kernel

Linux kernel is a pre-compiled special binary file, between various hardware resources and system programs, responsible for resource allocation and scheduling. Once the kernel takes control of the system, it will fully control the operation of the entire Linux operating system.

1.5 init process Initialization

To complete the system boot process, the Linux kernel first loads the "/sbin/init" program in the system into memory (the running program is called the process, the PID number is 1), and the INIT process is responsible for completing a series of system initialization processes, the most Wait for the user to log on.

2.1 Inittab configuration file

After RHEL6 the new upstart start-up mode, improve the power-on efficiency, not a single/etc/inittab configuration file, but the various initialization configuration is scattered, and their respective related startup events.

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Inittab File Contents

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At the beginning of the "#" sign and the blank line, there is only one valid configuration record, with four fields in the configuration record used: Split, as shown in the bottom red box callout.

The corresponding is: Tag: runlevel: Action type: Program or script.

ID: A tag field, consisting of 1~4 characters, used to distinguish it from other configurations

Runlevels: The Run-level field, which by default includes different service combinations, called run levels, similar to normal startup, Safe mode, and so on in Windows. These runlevel are represented by the numbers 0, 1 ~ 5, respectively, 6来

Action: Action Type field

Describes the action category for the row configuration, initdefault means "set the run level that is entered by default when the system is initialized."

Process: Program or Script field

The actual operation of the line configuration, which can be specific commands, scripts and so on. is empty.

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v. Service control and optimization of the start-up process

1.1 System Service Control

Control scripts for a variety of services are placed by default in the/etc/rc.d/init.d/directory, two ways to control the specified service:

Dedicated Service Control tool: Service Name control type

Or:/etc/rc.d/init.d/Service Name control type

Common control types: Start start

Stop Stop

Restart restart

Reload overloading

Status View state

1.2 Switching the Run level

1.2.1 View system Run level RunLevel

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Display results two characters representing the level before the switch, the current level

1.2.2 switching the operating level of the system

With the INIT program, you can use the number corresponding to the RunLevel (0~6) as the parameter.

Example: Switching graphics mode (5) to character mode (3) executable init 3

1.3 Optimizing the boot process

1.3.1 Common system Services

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1.3.2 Optimized boot auto-load service

Use the NTSYSV tool * means turn on the spacebar to dismiss the * sign off

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When the NTSYSV command is executed separately, it is used only to manage services in the current runlevel, and the "-level" option allows you to manage the running services.

For example: Ntsysv--level 35 can open the Ntsysv hypervisor, and colleagues adjust the default boot state for various services in RunLevel 3 and 5.

Using the Chkconfig tool

Using Chkconfig is more efficient when you need to set the default startup state for a service at different run levels.

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Use the Chkconfig command with the "-list" option to view the default startup state of the specified system service at different run levels, without specifying a service name, which displays the default startup status for all services. 0, 1 ~ 6 in the output correspond to different runlevel.

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The "on", "off" switches allow you to set the default startup state of the service, which indicates startup, shutdown, respectively.

Command format: Chkconfig--level run level list service name On|off

For example, specifies that the Postfix service does not start by default when entering character mode.

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The above is the Linux installation and service control, if you have questions welcome advice.

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Linux Installation and service control