Archive files and copy files between systems
1. Managing Compressed TAR Archives
Archiving and compressing files is useful when you are creating backups and transferring data over the network. One of the most common commands used to create and use backup archives is the TAR command.
With other commands, users can set up large sets of files as a single file (archive). The archive can be compressed using gzip, bzip2, or XZ compression.
Manipulating the tar command
C Create a document
T list the contents of a document
X Extract Files
f filename Specifies the archive file name to manipulate
V details to see what files are added to or extracted from the archive
P Preserve File permissions
Note: The TAR option may not be used before-
The first option to use when creating a new archive is C, followed by F, then the file name of the archive to be created, and finally the list of files and directories that should be added to the archive. The archive is created in the current directory, unless otherwise specified.
Tar cf archive.tar file1 file2 file3
List Tar archive contents
Tar tf Archive.tar
Extract the archive created by tar
Tar Xf/home/lvyang/archive.tar
2. Create a compressed tar archive
The TAR command supports three different compression methods.
Z for gzip compression (suffix. tar.gz or. tgz) The fastest compression, most widely used
J for bzip2 compression (suffix. tar.bz2) smaller file generation
J used for XZ compression (suffix. tar.xz) is relatively new and usually provides the best compression ratio in the available mode
Example:
Tar czf/etc/etcbackup.tar.gz/etc compression
Tar xzf/etc/etcbackup.tar.gz Decompression
gzip, bzip2, XZ can also be used to compress individual files separately
Gzip/path/filename.tar.gz/path/filename
Corresponding decompression commands Gunzip, BUNZIP2, Unxz
Gunzip/path/filename.tar.gz
3. Securely copy files between systems
The SCP command transfers files from the remote host to the local, or vice versa. It leverages the SSH server for authentication and encrypted data transfer. The user must pass validation before initiating the transfer.
SCP file1 file2 [email protected]:/path copy files to a remote host
SCP [email protected]:/path/file/path copy files from remote host to local
To replicate recursively, you can use the-r option
Scp-f/home/lvyang [Email protected]:/home/james
Remotely transfer files using SFTP
Interactive tool, a session similar to a typical FTP session, but also a secure authentication and encrypted data transfer function using an SSH server
Establish an SFTP session
SFTP [email protected]
Prompt sftp>
The SFTP session accepts a variety of commands, running in the same way as the local system. Use the put and get commands for uploading and downloading files, using Exit to exit an SFTP session.
Example: Copy the local/etc/hosts to the 192.168.10.3/home/lvyang directory and then download it to the local current directory
SFTP [email protected]
Sftp>mkdir/home/lvyang
Sftp> Cd/home/lvyang
Sftp>put/etc/hosts
Sftp>get/home/lvyang/hosts
4, in the system between the security of synchronization files
The Rsync tool is another way to securely copy files between systems. It differs from the SCP in that, if two files or directories are similar between the two systems, rsync only needs to replicate the differences between the systems, and the SCP copies all the content
One of the most important options for rsync is the-n option, which is used to perform empty runs. Air Lines are simulations of what happens when a command is actually executed, and it is recommended that you perform an empty run before any rsync operation to ensure that important files are not overwritten or deleted.
-R to recursively synchronize the entire directory
-L Synchronous Symbolic link
-P Reserved Permissions
-T retention timestamp
-G reserved Group ownership
-O Keep File owner
-D Synchronizing device files
-V to add details to the output when synchronizing
-A represents the archive mode
Example
Rsync-av/var/log [email protected]:/tmp synchronizing the local log directory to an offsite/tmp
RAYNC-AV [email protected]:/var/log/tmp remote Log directory channel Local/tmp
Linux Learning notes----7