Linux Learning Notes Chapter fifth Linux first landing and online Help man page

X Window switching to command-line mode

1, usually we also call the command line mode for the terminal interface (terminal or console).

Linux by default will provide 6 terminal to allow users to log in, the way to switch to the use of [CTRL]+[ALT]+[F1]~[F6] combination button.

2, the system will be named [F1]~[f6] tty1~tty6 interface environment.

3. Switch to the X Window interface [CTRL]+[ALT]+[F7] .

Summary:

[CTRL]+[ALT]+[F1]~[F6]: Text interface login Tty1~tty6 terminal.

[CTRL]+[ALT]+[F7]: Graphical interface desktop

-Mount: The use of a directory as an entry point, the disk partition slot data placed in the directory, that is, access to the directory can read the meaning of the partition slot.

Each device file name that is equipped with Linux:

IDE hard drive:/dev/hd[a-d]

Cdrom:/dev/cdrom

Printer:/dev/lp[0-2]

Floppy drive device:/DEV/FD[0-1]

Network card:/dev/eth[0-n]

Operation of the underlying command

command to display date and time: Date

commands for displaying calendars: cal

Easy to use calculator: BC

important hotkeys [Tab] , [Ctrl]-c , [ctrl]-d

These keys can help us to write the command and interrupt the program .

1. [Tab] button

With the function of "command completion" and "File complement", we can avoid the wrong command or file name.

2, [ctrl]-c

Key to interrupt current program

3, [ctrl]-d

Represents the end of the keyboard input (end of file,eof or end of input);

It can also replace the input of exit

Under normal circumstances, there are a few things to keep in mind when shutting down:

1) Check the system usage status

Who currently has online

Netstat-a the online status of the network

Ps-aux Procedures for background execution

Learn a little about the current state of use of the host

2) notify the online user of the time when the computer shuts down

You can use Shutdown's special command function

3) Correct shutdown commands are used

For example Shutdown,reboot two commands

Several shutdown/restart related commands

1) Synchronize data to the command on the hard disk: Sync

2) The usual shutdown command: shutdown

3) Restart, shutdown: Reboot, Halt, Poweroff

Shutdown can accomplish the following tasks:

1) can choose the Power off mode: is to shut down, restart or enter the single-user operation mode can be

2) can set the shutdown time: Shut down now, set a specific time to shut down the machine

3) You can customize the shutdown message: You can send the message you set to the online user before shutting down the computer

4) You can just issue a warning message: Sometimes it's possible to do some testing instead of letting other users interfere, or to clearly tell the user to notice a certain period of time, this time can use shutdown to notify the user, but it is not really to shut down the computer.

5) You can choose whether to use fsck to check the file system

/sbin/shutdown [-t seconds] [-ARKHNCFF] time [warning message]

Restart, shutdown: Reboot,halt,poweroff

Toggle Execution Level: Init

Mode of operation of the run level system.

There are actually 7 levels of execution in Linux.

Only four levels of execution are mentioned here:

Run Level 0: shutdown

Run Level 3: pure command line mode

Run Level 5: Includes graphical interface mode

Run Level 6: Restart

You can use the init command to handle switching modes .

Forget the root password, just log in in single-user maintenance mode to change your root account password.

1. Restart the system first, press any key while reading the second, and press E to enter the Grub edit mode.

2, move the cursor to the kernel line, and then click E to enter the edit interface of the kernel line, and then in the interface that appears, the last party enters single:

such as: Kernel/vmlinuz-2.6.8-128.el5 ro root=label=/rhgb Quiet Single

3. Press ENTER again to confirm, press B to boot into the single-user maintenance mode.

In this mode, you do not need to enter a password in tty1 to gain control of the terminal (and use root). You can then change the root password. "passwd"

Key reviews

1, in order to avoid the instantaneous power loss caused by the Linux system damage, it is recommended that as a server Linux host should be coupled with the continuous power system to provide stable power.

2, in the default graphics mode login, you can select the language and the session. Sessions are provided by a variety of Windows Administrator software, such as GNOME and KDE.

3, centos5.x The default Chinese input method for the use of SCIM this software provides input.

4, whether it is KDE or GNOME, the default is to provide four virual desktop for the use of users.

5, in the X window environment, want to restart the X Window's key combination is [Alt]+[ctrl]+[backspace].

6, by default, Linux provides Tty1~tty6 text interface login, as well as Tty7 GUI login environment.

7, in addition to the run Level 5 by default to obtain a graphical interface, run Level 3 can also use STARTX to enter the graphical interface environment.

8, in the terminal environment, can be based on the prompt for $ or # to determine the general account or root account.

9. To obtain the language supported by the terminal can execute echo $LANG or locale command

10. Date can be displayed, Cal can display calendar, BC can be used as calculator software.

11. In the key combination, the [Tab] key can be filled in as command or file name, [Ctrl]-c can interrupt the currently running program.

12, the online Help system has man and info two common commands.

13, the man page of the number, 1 for the general account available commands, 8 for the system Administrator common commands, 5 for the system configuration file format.

14, Info page can split a description file into Nodes node display, and has a similar hyperlink function, increase legibility.

15, to make the system properly shut down, you can use Shutdown,poweroff and other commands.

Linux Learning Notes Chapter fifth Linux first landing and online Help man page