Linux Learning Notes

Part1: Introduction

Open source software: 1, Apache software, website services to build soft

2.nginx, less resources are used to occupy the server.

               -   3.mysql,php,linux common site architecture platform. Linux application areas:            1, Linux-based enterprise servers. 2,, embedded. Quicksshd Software, Android is the bottom layer of Linux,ios is UNIX. The bottom of the Winphone is Windows. Set-top box, 3d product production. Learning methods for Linux.             1, how to ask questions. First try to solve it yourself. Help documentation. The problem should be as detailed as possible. A detailed error message. such as The difference between Linux.             1, it's best to give up thinking about Windows.             1! , Linux is strictly case sensitive. 2. Everything in Linux is a file, the hardware is a file, and the user is a file.             3.. There is no concept of extended name in Linux. File types are differentiated by extension names. The file type is distinguished by the permissions on the file.         Some commonly used suffixes, (easy to differentiate) compression packages,. GZ  . bz2   TAR.BZ2   tgz etc., binary packages,.rpm    &NB Sp       Web files. html,. php.   script file,. SH profile  ,,.conf Character interface benefits         1. The character interface consumes less system resources. 2, reduce the likelihood of an error being attacked. (so there is generally no graphical interface on the server)  PATR2: Install 1,vmware installation (virtual machine memory cannot exceed half of real machine memory) (in case VMware deletes cleanly, use VMware install clean)         1. Select Install later.     &NBSP   2, Virtual machine hardware management         network card, select Bridge, then use real computer network card, the disadvantage is that the virtual opportunity to occupy a real computer network segment of an IP. (recommended)         Select NAT, use VMNET8 to communicate with real machines (virtual machines can surf the internet)      , if using hostonly is the only host mode, Use Vmnet1 to communicate with the host, and if you select these two, you can only communicate with the native computer. 2, virtual machine use tips         1, snapshot feature. 2, clone, in the Management tab of the virtual machine. (Creating a connection snapshot, using very little space, but deleting the original image, will not work.) 3,linux system partition         1. There can be up to 4 primary partitions.　　(determined by the hard drive structure) 2. Expand the partition, you can take out a primary partition to expand the partition, there can be only one expansion partition, it can not write data, can only contain logical partitions.    3, logical partitioning. (in extended Area) 4. Formatted Concepts           1, the fundamental purpose of formatting is to write to the file system. It is based on the file system selected by the user, such as Fat16,fat32 (the size of a single file cannot exceed 4 G), NTFS. EXT2,EXT3,EXT4 in Linux, etc.) writes specific data to a specific area of the disk, dividing a partition into a disk space for file allocation tables, directory tables, and so on for file management.　　　So the so-called format, is to better manage the file.   2, first of all, divide the partitions into blocks of equal size to generate a list of partitions. ID number (I node), modification time, permissions, etc. are recorded. 4. Linux Partitioning method              1, partitioning, formatting, naming, assigning disk characters.         "/"   represents the root directory, and Dev is the first-level directory, and the hardware file name is stored under it.         partition's device file name:/dev/hda1 (IDE hard drive Interface),/DEV/SDA1 (Scsi/sata hard Drive Interface)   (where AB, represents the first second hard drive. Numbers for partitions)         IDE interface, old, gradually obsolete. SATA interface, serial drive, commonly used, SATA3 can achieve 500Mb per second transmission speed.          sd1234, these four numbers can only be used for primary or extended partitions, and logical partitions always start at 5. 5, Mount         1, must be partitioned,  1. (/) root partition. 2.swap partition, (swap partition, virtual memory, generally twice times the real memory, if the real memory is more than four g, then the allocation and real memory size can be. In this experiment, assign 2 G to OK)         2. Recommended partition,/boot (boot partition, 200Mb)         3, note that the directory as a drive letter, as a mount point, Mount is the process of connecting the drive letter (directory) and partition together.  6, install linux        1, adjust the boot order, boot from the CD drive. (Enter boot, press the plus sign)         2, exit virtual machine, Ctrl+alt, full screen ctrl+alt+enter,        3, mount point is to give the user access to the hard disk space, swap no mount point, that is, it is not provided to the user access.             servers generally choose to minimize the installation.         root part3:linux       user name, CTRL + +l for clear screen shortcut keys.  

1, "Root@localhost ~" # root represents the current login user name, localhost hostname, ~ Indicates the current directory (home directory, that is, the initial login directory)

#表示超级用户的提示符, $ is a prompt for ordinary users. PWD: Displays the current location. 2, Command format: Command "Options" "Parameters"

Linux Learning Notes