Common commands for Linux shells
Set command aliases
Alias ' La=ls-al '
In command-line mode
CTRL+ALT+F1---> Ctrl+alt+f6 can control the opening of multiple shells
Shutdown or restart
Restart: Reboot/init 6 shutdown: showdown-h now/init 0
To mount the hard drive:
Virtual Machine---> virtual machines Settings--add to hard drive---> default next you can modify the size
View current partition
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -ldisk /dev/sda: 21.5 gb, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersunits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (Minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesdisk identifier: 0x00048221 device boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 linuxpartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 39 2354 18598912 83 Linux/dev/sda3 2354 2611 2064384 82 linux swap / solaris
View partition Mount location:
[[email protected] ~]# df -lhfilesystem size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda2 19g 2.8g 15g 16% /tmpfs 528M 230k 528M 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 297m 36m 246m 13% /boot[[email protected] ~]# df -kFilesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on/dev/sda2 18175756 2707296 14538516 16% /tmpfs 515208 224 514984 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 289293 34624 239309 13% /boot
Hard Drive Mount:
Mount Mount
Umount Uninstall
After adding a new hard drive, you will find a new hard disk with no partition (perhaps the name is not the same as mine) through Fdisk-l view/dev/sdb
(1) Partitioning
Fdisk/dev/sdb
Will enter the partition interface
command (M FOR HELP): here Press m and it will output help;a toggle a bootable flagb edit bsd disklabelc toggle the dos compatibility flagd delete a partition Note: This is the action of deleting a partition;l list known partition types Note: l is a list of partition types that allow us to set the type of the corresponding partition;m print this menu note:m is a list of help information; n add a new partition Note: Add a partition; O create a new empty dos partition tablep print the partition table note:p list partition table;q quit without saving changes Note: do not save exit; S create a new empty sun disklabelt change a partition ' s system id note:t change the partition type;u change display/entry unitsv verify the partition tablew write table to disk and exit Note: Write the partition table to the hard disk and exit; x extra functionality (experts only)
Here we just need n to add partition and W write partition to be able to the other can do without understanding I don't know. 0.0
After selecting N:
Command (M for help): Ncommand action E Extended NOTE: Expanded partition P primary partition (1-4) Note: Primary partition, I Choose this one.
After selecting P
Partition numbers (1-4): Note: Number of partitions created
I can't post the shell on the back of the partition number.
I choose 1 and then it will let you choose from that position to start with that position end of me a partition must be starting from 1 to the end of a number (it will give a 1-xxx) and then choose W to write the hard drive to the hard disk partition is completed
(2) formatting
You can use fdisk-l again to see the one you'll see behind the new hard drive
There is a partition/dev/sdb1 (mine is this 0.0)
The origin of MKFS.EXT3/DEV/SDB1 #/dev/sdb1 begins to format
MKFS can be followed by a number of formatting methods here, I chose ext3 with the others. I don't know, either. 0.0
(3) mounting the hard drive
After formatting, you can mount the hard drive.
Mount-t ext3-o rw/dev/sdb1/newfile #挂载硬盘 #-t and disk format can be omitted the system will automatically detect the #-o and Mount mode RW readable writable #/newfile This is the hard disk partition mount directory, you can follow the Meaning transformation, if there is no need to recreate a folder, I am here myself in the root directory/under the creation of a newfile/folder mkdir NewFile
Press ENTER without responding stating that the mount was successful. ^__^
Mount by file
Cat /etc/fstab ## /etc/fstab# created by anaconda on sun apr 10 13:53:19 2016## Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk ' # see man pages fstab (5), findfs (8), mount (8) and/or blkid (8) for more info#uuid=7b65d993-2c6d-4410-a98e-1c7d6292d5a7 / ext4 defaults 1 1UUID=769618df-6ff5-4cc6-9443-bf112e4e25cf /boot ext4 defaults 1 2uuid=b5c53884-ba55-452c-984d-c9321e3df521 swap swap defaults 0 0tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0proc / proc proc defaults 0 0uuid= a792a943-49f7-4e45-b93a-1ddaf2ec8007 /home/newdisk ext3 rw 0 0
First list device: Disk device file or label or UUID for the device
1) View the label and UUID of the partition
Label is the label of the partition, in the initial installation of the system is filled with the mount point is the name of the label. You can find the UUID and label name by looking at the information in the superblock of a partition
eg
[[email protected] home]# dumpe2fs-h/dev/sdb1 #查看 virtual machine New second hard drive/dev/sdb1 dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-may-2010) Filesystem volume name: <none> #Label name because it's new so there's no last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem uuid:a792a943-49f7-4e45-b93a-1ddaf2ec8007 #UUID can be added to a file using the UUID
You can also do this by:
[Email protected] home]# blkid/dev/sda1:uuid= "769618DF-6FF5-4CC6-9443-BF112E4E25CF" type= "Ext4"/dev/sda2:uuid= " 7b65d993-2c6d-4410-a98e-1c7d6292d5a7 "type=" Ext4 "/dev/sda3:uuid=" b5c53884-ba55-452c-984d-c9321e3df521 "TYPE=" Swap "/dev/sdb1:uuid=" a792a943-49f7-4e45-b93a-1ddaf2ec8007 "type=" ext3 "//New HDD
Second column: mount point: Device mount points---mounted to that directory
Third column: filesystem: Format of the disk file system, including Ext2, Ext3,ReiserFS, NFS, VFAT, etc.
Fourth column: Parameters: File System parameters
Async/sync |
Set whether to run synchronously, default to Async |
Auto/noauto |
Whether the file system is actively mounted when the MOUNT-A command is downloaded. Default is Auto |
Rw/ro |
Whether to mount in read-only or read-write mode |
Exec/noexec |
Restricting the ability to perform operations within this file system |
User/nouser |
Whether the user is allowed to mount using the Mount command |
Suid/nosuid |
Whether to allow the existence of suid |
Usrquota |
Boot file system supports disk quota mode |
Grpquota |
Boot file system support for group disk quota mode |
Defaults |
Colleagues have settings for default parameters such as Rw,suid,dev,exec,auto,nouser,async |
Fifth column: Can the dump backup command function: Dump is a command used as a backup. Usually the value of this parameter is 0 or 1
0 |
Rep don't do dump backup |
1 |
Represents a daily dump operation |
2 |
Perform a dump operation that represents an indefinite date |
Column sixth: Whether the sector is inspected: During the boot process, the system defaults to fsck to verify that our system is complete (clean).
0 |
Do not test |
1 |
First Test (Common root directory selection) |
2 |
Inspection after completion of the 1 level inspection |
Refer to File Fstab append the newly created hard disk to the file according to the parameters.
vi /etc/fstabuuid=7b65d993-2c6d-4410-a98e-1c7d6292d5a7 / ext4 defaults 1 1uuid= 769618df-6ff5-4cc6-9443-bf112e4e25cf /boot ext4 defaults 1 2UUID=b5c53884-ba55-452c-984d-c9321e3df521 swap swap defaults 0 0tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0proc /proc Proc defaults 0 0uuid=a792a943-49f7-4e45-b93a-1ddaf2ec8007 / Home/newdisk ext3 rw 0 0 #新建硬盘
This article is from the "Creative Pilgrim" blog, so be sure to keep this source http://dearch.blog.51cto.com/10423918/1763906
Linux manually mount the hard drive and add it to the file