Fdisk operation of the hard disk and partition, enter FDISK on the hard drive operation phase
We can partition the hard drive, if you understand the fdisk-l; through fdisk-l, we can find out the number of drives and the name of the device, such as the above example, we will see two devices one is/dev/hda, the other is/DEV/SDA;
The command format for Fdisk to manipulate the hard disk is as follows:
[[email protected] beinan]# fdisk device
For example, we know through fdisk-l/dev/hda or/DEV/SDA device; If we want to add or delete some partitions, we can use
[Email protected] beinan]# Fdisk/dev/hda
Or
[Email protected] beinan]# FDISK/DEV/SDA
Note In the future example, we should take the/DEV/SDA equipment as an example, to explain how to use Fdisk to manipulate the addition, delete the partition and other actions;
Description of Fdisk
When we go through the FDISK device, into the operation of the corresponding device, we will find the following prompt, taking FDISK/DEV/SDA equipment as an example to the same;
[Email protected] beinan]# FDISK/DEV/SDA Command (M for help): pressing m here will output the aid; Command Action A toggle a bootable flag b Edit BSD Disklabel C Toggle the DOS compatibility flag DDelete a partition note: This is the action of deleting a partition; LList known partition types Note: L is a list of partition types for us to set the corresponding partition type; mPrint this menu Note: M is a list of help information; NAdd a new partition note: Adds a partition; o Create a new empty DOS partition table PPrint the partition table Note: P lists the partition table; QQuit without saving changes Note: Do not save the exit; s create a new empty Sun Disklabel TChange a partition ' s system ID Note: T changes the partition type; U Change display/entry units V Verify the partition table WWrite table to disk and exit Note: Write the partition table to the hard disk and exit; xExtra functionality (experts only) Note: Extended application, expert function;
In fact, we commonly use only the note has the Chinese, other functions we do not commonly used (ah, mainly I will not use, otherwise will show off); X expansion function, is not commonly used, in general, as long as the understanding of D l m p Q t w on the line;
The following example operation to detail, no examples no way, novice also can not understand;
lists the partitions of the current operating hard drive, using the P
Command (M for help): P disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /DEV/SDA1 1 201568+ C W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sda2 806400 5 Extended /dev/sda5 201568+ Linux /dev/sda6 200781 Linux
Delete a partition by using the D command of Fdisk
Command (M for help): P Note: Lists the partitioning situation; disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /DEV/SDA1 1 201568+ C W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sda2 806400 5 Extended /dev/sda5 201568+ Linux /dev/sda6 200781 Linux Command (M for help): D Note: perform delete partition designation; Partition number (1-6): 6 Note: I want to delete Sda6, just enter 6 here; Command (M for help): P Note: Check the hard disk partition again to see if it was deleted? disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /DEV/SDA1 1 201568+ C W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sda2 806400 5 Extended /dev/sda5 201568+ Linux Command (M for help):
Caution: Be careful when deleting partitions, please watch the serial number of the partition, if you delete the extended partition, the logical partition under the extended partition will be deleted; If you know that you are wrong, please do not panic, do not use Q to save the exit; Remember! When the partition operation is wrong, do not enter W Save exit!!!add a partition by using Fdisk's n instruction
Command (M for help): P disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /DEV/SDA1 1 201568+ C W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sda2 806400 5 Extended /dev/sda5 201568+ Linux Command (M for help): N Note: add a partition; Command Action L logical (5 or over) Note: Increase the logical partition, the partition number is greater than 5, why is greater than 5, because there are already sda5; P primary partition (1-4) Note: Add a primary partition, numbering from 1-4, but sda1 and sda2 are occupied, so only starting from 3; P Partition number (1-4): 3 No Free Sectors Available Note: Why failed in the failure?
Note: I tried to add a primary partition, which seems to be a failure, why failed? Because we see the main partition + extended partition of the entire disk is exhausted, look at the value of the end of the extended partition, and then see the P output message has the cylinders; it's better to look at the front part;
So we can only add logical partitions.
Command (M for help): N Command Action L logical (5 or over) P primary partition (1-4) L Note: Enter the "L" here, enter the division of logical partition stage; First cylinder (51-125, default 51): Note: This is the start value of the partition, it is best to press ENTER directly, if you enter a non-default number, will cause space waste; Using Default Value 51 Last cylinder or +size or +sizem or +sizek (51-125, default): +200m Note: This is the definition of partition size, +200m is the size of 200M, of course, you can also according to the unit of P prompt Cylind The size of the ER to calculate, and then to specify the value of end. Look back to see how it is, or use +200m this method to add, this can be intuitive. If you want to add a 10G or so size partition, please enter +10000m; Command (M for help):
specifying a partition type by using the t instruction of Fdisk
Command (M for help): T Note: Specify the partition type by T; Partition number (1-6): 6 Note: Which partition type do you want to change? I've assigned 6, which is actually sda6. Hex code (Type L to list codes): L Note: Enter the L here to see the ID of the partition type; Hex code (type L to list codes): B Note: If I want this partition to be W95 FAT32 type, by L view I know B is, so I entered B; Changed system type of partition 6 to B (W95 FAT32) Note: Systematic information, change success, whether it is changed, please use P to view; Command (M for help): P disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /DEV/SDA1 1 201568+ C W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sda2 806400 5 Extended /dev/sda5 201568+ Linux /dev/sda6 201568+ b W95 FAT32
6, the exit of Fdisk, with Q or W
Where q is not saved exit, W is save exit
Command (M for help): W Or Command (M for help): Q
Four, an example of adding a partition
In this example we will add two 200M primary partitions, the others are extended partitions, we add two 200M-size logical partitions in the extended partition
Command (M for help): P Note: Lists the partition table; disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (M for help): N Note: Add partition; Command Action E Extended P primary partition (1-4) P Note: Add primary partition; Partition number (1-4): 1 Note: add primary partition 1; First cylinder (1-125, default 1): Note: Direct carriage return, primary partition 1 start position, default is 1, default is good; Using Default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizem or +sizek (1-125, default): +200m Note: Specify the partition size and +200m to specify a size of 200M Command (M for help): N Note: add a new partition; Command Action E Extended P primary partition (1-4) P Note: Add primary partition Partition number (1-4): 2 Note: add primary partition 2; First cylinder (26-125, default 26): Using Default Value 26 Last cylinder or +size or +sizem or +sizek (26-125, default): +200m Note: Specify the partition size and +200m to specify a size of 200M Command (M for help): N Command Action E Extended P primary partition (1-4) E Note: Add extended partition; Partition number (1-4): 3 Note: specified as 3, because the primary partition has been divided by two, this is also the primary partition, starting from 3; First cylinder (51-125, default 51): Note: direct carriage return; Using Default Value 51 Last cylinder or +size or +sizem or +sizek (51-125, default 125): Note: Direct carriage return, all the rest of the space to the extended partition; Using Default Value 125 Command (M for help): P disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /DEV/SDA1 1 201568+ Linux /dev/sda2 201600 Linux /dev/sda3 604800 5 Extended Command (M for help): N Command Action L logical (5 or over) P primary partition (1-4) L Note: Add logical partition; First cylinder (51-125, default 51): Using Default Value 51 Last cylinder or +size or +sizem or +sizek (51-125, default): +200m Note: Add a partition with a size of 200M; Command (M for help): N Command Action L logical (5 or over) P primary partition (1-4) L Note: Add a logical partition; First cylinder (76-125, default 76): Using Default Value 76 Last cylinder or +size or +sizem or +sizek (76-125, default): +200m Note: Add a partition with a size of 200M; Command (M for help): p lists the partition table; disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /DEV/SDA1 1 201568+ Linux /dev/sda2 201600 Linux /dev/sda3 604800 5 Extended /dev/sda5 201568+ Linux /dev/sda6 201568+ Linux
Then we change the partition type by the T-command according to the previous.
Finally don't forget W save exitformat the partition and load
First hint; with Mkfs.bfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.jfs mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfatmkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext3 Mkfs.minix mkfs.reiserfs mkfs.xfs such as the command to format the partition, such as I want to format Sda6 for ext3 file system, then input;
[Email protected] beinan]# Mkfs.ext3/dev/sda6
If I want to load Sda6 to the current system to access the file, there should be a mount command, but first you have to build a mount directory, such as/mnt/sda6;
[Email protected] beinan]# Mkdir/mnt/sda6 [Email protected] beinan]# Mount/dev/sda6/mnt/sda6 (Umount is un-mounted) [Email protected] beinan]# DF-LH Filesystem capacity used% mount point available /dev/hda8 11G 8.4G 2.0G 81%/ /dev/shm 236M 0 236M 0%/dev/shm /DEV/HDA10 16G 6.9G 8.3G 46%/mnt/hda10 /dev/sda6 191M 5.6M 176M 4%/mnt/sda6
So we can get into the/mnt/sda6 directory and access the files. |