Linux mainly uses three types of network management commands: 1.ifconfig, route and Netstat belong to the traditional function of single-class network command; 2.ip and SS belong to the Integrated class Network command; The 3.NMCLI is suitable for comprehensive network commands in RHEL7, and can also be configured with a configuration file for network management.
This article mainly explains these three kinds of network Management command and the related configuration file.
Note: The network parameters modified by the command are lost after the network service restarts, and only the network parameters modified by the configuration file can be permanently valid.
1-1. ifconfig Command
Function: View or configure network interface parameters
Format:
Ifconfig [interface] [Up|down] view specified network interface parameters, set network interface status
Common options:
-A: Show all network interface information
-S: Display network interface statistics 650) this.width=650; "Src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M02/72/9F/wKioL1XpkHCjplYGAAIkgqmutNI847.jpg " Style= "Float:left;" title= "Network management--ifconfig01.jpg" alt= "Wkiol1xpkhcjplygaaikgqmutni847.jpg"/>
The default Ifconfig only displays the active network interface and does not disappear. Turn off network interface parameters
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ifconfig INT address Configure IP addresses for specified network interfaces
ifconfig int ip/mask or ifconfig int IP netmask MASK modifies the IP address of the specified device
# When configuring an IP address, if the mask uses dotted decimal notation, you must use the keyword network
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1-2. Route command
Role: View or configure a local routing entry
Format:
Route View Routing Entry
Options:
-N: Do not parse the domain name and display it with an IP address
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Route Add-net|-host|default TARGET [netmask MASK] [GW GW] [mertic N] [Dev INT]
Route del -net|-host|default TARGET [netmask MASK] [GW GW] [Dev INT]
Add or remove a route entry
Host route entry using keyword-host, network routing entry using keyword-network, default route entry using keyword default
Mertic N: Used to specify route entry metrics
Dev INT: Specify the Fight interface
Add host route entry Route Add-host 1.1.1.1 GW 10.10.10.1 metric Dev eth1
The next hop address is: 10.10.10.1, the route entry measure is 15, the outbound interface is eth1
Network routing entry route add-net 3.3.3.0/24 metric 7 Dev eth0
The measure value is 7 and the outbound interface is eth0
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To delete a network route entry
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1-3. Netstat command
Function: View the network properties of this computer by specifying options
Format: netstat [options]
Common options:
-N: Digital display of IP and ports
-T: Show TCP connections
-u: Show UDP connections
-L: In the Listening State port
-A: all States
-E: Extended format
-P: Show related processes and PID
-R: Show kernel routing table
-I INT: Displays statistics for the specified interface
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2-1. IP command
Function: Configure the Native interface status, network parameters and routing entries
Format: IP [OPTIONS] OBJECT {COMMAND | help}
when object is link , configure the two-Layer link property configured for the native
The corresponding command is:
IP link set DEVICE {up | | \ arp {on | off}: Set two-layer link interface status
IP link Show [device]: View device properties
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Used to set the native IP address when object is address
The corresponding command is:
IP Addr {add | del} ifaddr dev STRING: Add or remove IP addresses to the specified network interface
IP Addr {show | flush} [Dev STRING]: View or empty the IP address of the specified device
Add Ip/mask: Adding addresses to devices
Delete IP: Remove the address of the device configuration
Flush: Empties the configuration from the specified device
Show: View IP address configuration
Add a specified IP address via the add command
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Specify all IP addresses for the network interface through flush conditions
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Used to set the native route entry when object is a route
The corresponding command is:
IP route {list | flush} SELECTOR: View or empty route entry
IP route {Add | del | change | append | replace | monitor} route: Modify route entry
Add a route entry via the Add command
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To modify a route entry by using the change command
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2-2. SS command
Function: Specify options to display the local network parameters
# The SS command works the same as the Netstat command, but the execution is more efficient and the SS command is recommended when the system is busy
Format: SS [Options]
Common options:
-N: Digital display of IP and ports
-T: Show TCP connections
-u: Show UDP connections
-L: In the Listening State port
-A: all States
-E: Extended format
-P: Show related processes and PID
-R: Show kernel routing table
-I INT: Displays statistics for the specified interface
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3-1. NMCLI command
The NMCLI command is a command-line tool for managing NetworkManager in RHEL7, and Nmcli is a powerful, flexible command, but also very complex. This is only a brief introduction to NMCLI's connection and device two objects.
Role: Used to create, display, edit, delete, activate and deactivate network connections
Format: nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT {COMMAND | help}
# NMCLI supports tab completion for object and COMMAND input, is more user-friendly, and has a corresponding help option in all levels of object, which brings great convenience when used.
When object is connection ,
corresponding command: = {Show | up | down | add | edit | modify | delete | reload | load}
The main implementation of the local network connection status of the view, management and other operations
Management of local network connections via connection
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Various parameters of network connection can be modified by modify subcommand
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When object is a device ,
corresponding command: = {Status | show | connect | disconnect | delete | wifi | wimax}
For viewing and managing on-premises network interface devices
Detailed configuration information for network interfaces can be viewed through the SHOW subcommand
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4. Modifying network parameters through configuration files
4-1. IP address configuration file:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-int
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Field Explanation:
# Cat Ifcfg-eth0
Device= specifying the device name
bootproto= Specify IP Address acquisition method: DHCP or static
Hwaddr= specifying the hardware NIC MAC address
Nm_controlled= NM represents the NetworkManager script to replace the network protocol
Peerdns= indicates whether DNS received by the server is overwritten in the DNS configuration file if the IP address is obtained by DHCP
onboot= Specifies whether to start the network adapter device automatically
type= Display Network Interface type
Uuid= the UUID of the specified device
Ipv6init= whether the IPV6 feature is enabled
userctl= Specifies whether a normal user controls the device
Static IP addresses require the following fields to be configured:
Ipaddr= Specify IP Address
netmask= Subnet Mask
gateway= Default Gateway
dns#= DNS server address, 3 DNS server addresses can be configured at the same time, with higher priority than DNS configuration in/etc/resilov.conf
4-2. Routing configuration file:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-int
# Configuration files need to be created manually
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File format
1. Single Statement format
TARGET via GW
Ex:192.168.50.128/28 via 10.10.10.11
2. Define one route per three lines
Address#=target
Netmask#=mask
Gateway#=gw
EX:
address0=192.168.50.128
netmask0=255.255.255.224
gateway0=10.10.10.11
# only one format can be used in the same file
4-3. DNS configuration file:/etc/resolove.conf
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To specify a DNS server by nameserver dns_ip
I have limited level, if there is improper understanding of the place, please give correct, thank you very much!
This article is from the "Pavel" blog, make sure to keep this source http://pavel86.blog.51cto.com/8349178/1691648
Linux Network Management--Basic command of network management