linux-Network Monitoring Command-netstat Primary

Introduction

The Netstat command is used to display various network-related information, such as network connections, routing tables, Interface states (Interface Statistics), masquerade connections, multicast members (multicast memberships), and so on.

output message meaning

After executing the netstat, the output is

Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto recv-q send-q Local address Foreign address state
TCP 0 2 210.34.6.89:telnet 210.34.6.96:2873 established
TCP 296 0 210.34.6.89:1165 210.34.6.84:NETBIOS-SSN established
TCP 0 0 localhost.localdom:9001 localhost.localdom:1162 established
TCP 0 0 localhost.localdom:1162 localhost.localdom:9001 established
TCP 0 210.34.6.89:1161 210.34.6.10:netbios-ssn CLOSE

Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)
Proto refcnt Flags Type State I-node Path
UNIX 1 [] STREAM CONNECTED 16178 @000000dd
UNIX 1 [] STREAM CONNECTED 16176 @000000dc
UNIX 9 [] Dgram 5292/dev/log
UNIX 1 [] STREAM CONNECTED 16182 @000000df

As a whole, the output of Netstat can be divided into two parts:

One is the active Internet connections, called the active TCP connection, where "recv-q" and "Send-q" refer to the Receive queue and the send queue for%0a. These figures are generally supposed to be 0. If not, it means that the package is accumulating in the queue. This situation can only be seen in very few cases.

The other is the active UNIX domain sockets, known as the active UNIX Domains socket interface (as with network sockets, but only for native communication, which can be increased by one-fold performance).
Proto shows the protocol used by the connection, refcnt represents the process number connected to this set of interfaces, types shows the type of the socket interface, state shows the current status of the socket interface, and path represents the pathname used by other processes connected to the socket.

Common Parameters

-A (All) displays all options and does not show listen related by default
-T (TCP) displays only TCP-related options
-U (UDP) displays only UDP-related options
-N refuses to display aliases, showing all numbers converted to numbers.
-l list only service status in Listen (listening)

-P Displays the program name that establishes the associated link
-R display routing information, routing table
-e display extended information, such as UID, etc.
-S statistics according to each protocol
-C executes the netstat command every other fixed time.

Hint: The status of listen and listening can only be seen with-a or-l

Practical Command Instances   1. List all ports (including listening and not listening)

List all ports netstat-a

# Netstat-a | More
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto recv-q send-q Local address           Foreign address         State
TCP        0      0 localhost:30037         *:*                     LISTEN
UDP        0      0 *:bootpc                *:*

Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
Proto refcnt Flags       Type       State         I-node   Path
UNIX  2      [ACC]     STREAM     LISTENING     6135     /tmp/. X11-unix/x0
UNIX  2      [ACC]     STREAM     LISTENING     5140     /var/run/acpid.socket

List all TCP ports Netstat-at

# Netstat-at
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto recv-q send-q Local address           Foreign address         State
TCP        0      0 localhost:30037         *:*                     LISTEN
TCP        0      0 Localhost:ipp           *:*                     LISTEN
TCP        0      0 *:smtp                  *:*                     LISTEN
TCP6       0      0 Localhost:ipp           [::]:*                  LISTEN

List all UDP ports Netstat-au

# Netstat-au
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto recv-q send-q Local address           Foreign address         State
UDP        0      0 *:bootpc                *:*
UDP        0      0 *:49119                 *:*
UDP        0      0 *:mdns                  *:*

  2. List all Sockets in the listening state

Display only the listening port netstat-l

# netstat-l
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto recv-q send-q Local address           Foreign address         State
TCP        0      0 Localhost:ipp           *:*                     LISTEN
TCP6       0      0 Localhost:ipp           [::]:*                  LISTEN
UDP        0      0 *:49119                 *:*

List all listening TCP ports only NETSTAT-LT

# NETSTAT-LT
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto recv-q send-q Local address           Foreign address         State
TCP        0      0 localhost:30037         *:*                     LISTEN
TCP        0      0 *:smtp                  *:*                     LISTEN
TCP6       0      0 Localhost:ipp           [::]:*                  LISTEN

List all listening UDP ports only Netstat-lu

# Netstat-lu
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto recv-q send-q Local address           Foreign address         State
UDP        0      0 *:49119                 *:*
UDP        0      0 *:mdns                  *:*

List all listening UNIX ports only NETSTAT-LX

# NETSTAT-LX
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto refcnt Flags       Type       State         I-node   Path
UNIX  2      [ACC]     STREAM     LISTENING     6294     private/maildrop
UNIX  2      [ACC]     STREAM     LISTENING     6203     public/cleanup
UNIX  2      [ACC]     STREAM     LISTENING     6302     private/ifmail
UNIX  2      [ACC]     STREAM     LISTENING     6306     private/bsmtp

3. Display statistics for each protocol

Displays statistics for all ports netstat-s

# netstat-s
Ip:
11150 Total Packets Received
1 with invalid addresses
0 forwarded
0 Incoming Packets Discarded
11149 Incoming packets delivered
11635 requests sent out
Icmp:
0 ICMP Messages Received
0 Input ICMP message failed.
Tcp:
582 Active connections Openings
2 Failed connection attempts
Connection resets received
Udp:
1183 Packets Received
4 packets to unknown Port received.
.....

Displays statistics for TCP or UDP ports netstat-st or-SU

# NETSTAT-SU

4. Display the PID and process name in the netstat output netstat-p

Netstat-p can be used with other switches, you can add "Pid/process name" to the netstat output, so debugging can easily find a specific port to run the program.

# netstat-pt
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto recv-q send-q Local address           Foreign address         State       Pid/program Name
TCP        1      0 ramesh-laptop.loc:47212 192.168.185.75:www        close_wait  2109/firefox
TCP        0      0 ramesh-laptop.loc:52750 lax:www established 2109/firefox

5. Host, port, and user name are not displayed in the Netstat output

When you don't want to let the host, port and user name display, use Netstat-n. Numbers will be used instead of those names.

The output can also be accelerated because there is no comparison query.

# Netstat-an

If you just don't want one of these three names to be displayed, use the following command

# netsat-a--numeric-ports
# netsat-a--numeric-hosts
# netsat-a--numeric-users

6. Continuous output of netstat information

Netstat will output network information every second.

# netstat-c
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto recv-q send-q Local address           Foreign address         State
TCP        0      0 ramesh-laptop.loc:36130 101-101-181-225.ama:www established
TCP        1      1 ramesh-laptop.loc:52564 101.11.169.230:www      CLOSING
TCP        0      0 ramesh-laptop.loc:43758 server-101-101-43-2:www established
TCP        1      1 ramesh-laptop.loc:42367 101.101.34.101:www      CLOSING
^c

7. Show address families not supported by the system (addr families)

Netstat--verbose

At the end of the output, there is the following information

Netstat:no support for ' AF IPX ' on the This system.
Netstat:no support for ' AF AX25 ' on the This system.
Netstat:no support for ' AF X25 ' on the This system.
Netstat:no support for ' AF Netrom ' on the This system.

8. Display Core routing information Netstat-r

# Netstat-r
Kernel IP Routing Table
Destination     Gateway         genmask         Flags   MSS Window  Irtt Iface
192.168.1.0     *               255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 eth2
Link-local      *               255.255.0.0     U         0 0          0 eth2
Default         192.168.1.1     0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 eth2

Note: use NETSTAT-RN to display the number format without querying the host name.

9. Find out which port the program is running on

Not all processes can be found, no permissions will not be displayed, use root permissions to view all the information.

# Netstat-ap | grep ssh
TCP        1      0 dev-db:ssh           101.174.100.22:39213        close_wait  -
TCP        1      0 dev-db:ssh           101.174.100.22:57643        close_wait  -

Locate the process running on the specified port

# Netstat-an | grep ': 80 '

10. Display the list of network interfaces

# netstat-i
Kernel Interface Table
Iface   MTU Met   rx-ok rx-err rx-drp rx-ovr    tx-ok tx-err tx-drp TX-OVR FLG
Eth0       0         0      0      0 0             0      0      0      0 BMU
Eth2       0     26196      0      0 0         26883      6      0      0 Bmru
Lo        16436 0         4      0      0 0             4      0      0      0 LRU

Show details like ifconfig using Netstat-ie:

# Netstat-ie
Kernel Interface Table
Eth0      Link encap:ethernet  HWaddr 00:10:40:11:11:11
Up broadcast multicast  mtu:1500  metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
memory:f6ae0000-f6b00000

  IP and TCP analysis

View the IP addresses that connect to a service port

[Email protected]:~$ Netstat-nat | grep "192.168.1.15:22" |awk ' {print $} ' |awk-f: ' {print '} ' |sort|uniq-c|sort-nr|head-20
18 221.136.168.36
3 154.74.45.242
2 78.173.31.236
2 62.183.207.98
2 192.168.1.14
2 182.48.111.215
2 124.193.219.34
2 119.145.41.2
2 114.255.41.30
1 75.102.11.99

TCP Various status lists

[Email protected]:~$ netstat-nat |awk ' {print $6} '
Established)
Foreign
LISTEN
Time_wait
Established
Time_wait
Syn_sent

  Take the state all out first, then use UNIQ-C statistics, then sort.

[Email protected]:~$ netstat-nat |awk ' {print $6} ' |sort|uniq-c
143 established
1 fin_wait1
1 Foreign
1 Last_ack
Approx. LISTEN
6 syn_sent
113 Time_wait
1 established)

  The final command is as follows:

Netstat-nat |awk ' {print $6} ' |sort|uniq-c|sort-rn

Analysis Access.log get access to the top 10 IP addresses

awk ' {print '} ' Access.log |sort|uniq-c|sort-nr|head-10

linux-Network Monitoring Command-netstat Primary