Linux Package Management

One:

1. API and Abi

Api:application Programming Interface

Application Programming Interface

Program Source--preprocessing----compile-to-link

Abi:application Binary Interface

Application Binary Interface

Windows is incompatible with Linux

Library-level Virtualization

Linux:wine

Windows:cywin

2. Components of binary applications:

binary files, library files, configuration files, Help files

Package Manager:

Debian:deb-->apt

redhat:rpm-->rpm

Gentoo:emerge Portage

Archlinux:pacman

Suse:zypper

Fedora 22+:DNF

3. View the library files that the binaries depend on:

Ldd/path/to/binary_file

4. Manage and view native loaded library files

Ldconfig

/sbin/ldconfig-p//Display native cached available library files and file mappings

Configuration file:/etc/ld.so.conf

/etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf

Cache files:/etc/ld.so.cache

5, package management;

Function: To package the edited application's constituent files into one or several package files;

So as to quickly complete installation, uninstall, query, upgrade, etc.

(1) The constituent list of the program-----each package is unique

List of documents

Scripts to run when installing and uninstalling

(2), database----public-----

Package Name and version

Dependent relationships

Function description

File path and checksum information for each file generated by the installation

6. How to manage Packages:

Using Package Manager: RPM

Using the front-end tools: Yum, DNF

7. Ways to get Packages:

(1) The System release CD or the official server:

CentOS Image:

http://mirrors.aliyum.com

Http://mirrors.sohu.com

Http://mirrors.163.com

(2) Official site of the project

(3) Third party organizations:

Fedora-epel

Search engine:

http://pkgs.org

Http://rpmfind.net

Http://rpm.pbone.net

(4) Make your own

Note: Check legality-----> source Legality, Package integrity

Two: RPM Package management commands

----implementation of installation, uninstallation, upgrade, query, checksum, database maintenance

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-v:verbose

-H: Show packages to manage execution progress; Each # represents 2% progress

RPM-IVH Package_file ...

[Install-options]

--test: Tests the installation, but does not actually perform the installation process.

--nodeps: Ignores dependencies.

--replacepkgs: Reinstall

--nodigest: Does not check package source legitimacy

--nosignature: Package integrity is not checked

--noscipts:

%pre: Pre-installation script

%post: Post-installation script

%prenu: Pre-uninstall script

%postun: Post-uninstallation script

Upgrade:

RPM {-u|--upgrade}[install-option] Package_file

RPM {-f|--freshen}[install-options] package_file650) this.width=650; "Src="/e/u261/themes/default/images/ Spacer.gif "style=" Background:url ("/e/u261/lang/zh-cn/images/localimage.png") no-repeat center;border:1px solid # DDD; "alt=" Spacer.gif "/>

RPM-UVH Package_file ...

RPM-FVH Package_file ...

--oldpackage: Downgrade

--force: Forced escalation

Attention:

(1) Do not upgrade the kernel, Linux supports multi-core version coexistence.

(2) If the original package configuration file has been modified after installation, the new configuration will not overwrite but rename the reservation (. rpmnew)

Inquire:

RPM {-q|--query} [select-options][query-options] 650) this.width=650; "Src="/e/u261/themes/default/images/ Spacer.gif "style=" Background:url ("/e/u261/lang/zh-cn/images/localimage.png") no-repeat center;border:1px solid # DDD; "alt=" Spacer.gif "/>

[Select-options]

-A: All packages

-F: The query command is generated by that package installation.

-p/path/package_file: Query operation for package installation files that are not installed

--whatprovides CAPABILITY: Query The specified CAPABILITY is provided by that package

--whatrequires CAPABILITY: Query The specified CAPABILITY is dependent on the package

[Query-options]

--changelog: Query rpm Package for Changelog

-C: Querying the program's configuration file

-D: Documentation

-I: Package description information

-L: View all files that were generated after the package was installed.

--scripts: A script fragment that comes with the package.

-r: Query the capability that the package depends on

--provides: Lists the capability provided by the specified package

Check:

RPM {-v|--verify} [select-options][verify-options]

S File size differs

M mode differs (includes permissions and file type)

5 Digest (formerly MD5 sum) differs

D Device Major/minor number mismatch

L Readlink (2) path mismatch

U user ownership differs

G Group ownership differs

T Mtime differs

P capabilities differ

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Validation of package source legitimacy and integrity verification

Integrity Verification: sha256

SOURCE Legitimacy verification: RSA 650) this.width=650; "src="/e/u261/themes/default/images/spacer.gif "style=" border:1px solid RG B (221,221,221); background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat; "alt=" Spacer.gif "/>

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Linux Package Management