linux-Profile __linux

Linux Introduction:

Linux is a free, free, open-source operating system. is also the most famous example of open source software. Its main purpose is to establish a UNIX-like compatible product that can be used worldwide without any commercial software copyright. And we will be more stable, secure, efficient and capable of deploying servers in Linux than Windows can be.

Note: UNIX, a powerful multi-user, multitasking operating system that supports a variety of processor architectures, is commercial software that was first developed by Kenthompson, Dennisritchie and Douglasmcilroy at Bell Labs in At&t in 1969. After a long period of development and improvement, has now grown into a mainstream operating system technology and products based on this technology are all family. Because Unix has the characteristics of mature technology, high reliability, strong network and database functions, excellent scalability and good openness, it can meet the practical needs of all walks of life, especially to meet the needs of important business, has become the main workstation platform and an important enterprise operating platform. Used to be the first choice for server operating systems to occupy the largest market share, but recently failed in the competition with WindowsServer and Linux.

the generation of Linux: Linux was originally created by the Finnish University of Helsinki students Linus Torvalds because of their dissatisfaction with the use of the Minix operating system, so at the end of 1990 because of personal interest in the design of the Linux system core. Later published in Finland's largest FTP server, users can download free, so it's around the program more and more, Linux itself has gradually grown up, after the Linux in less than three years of time became a full-featured, stable and reliable operating system. Helsinki did not think that Linux will become so big today, he said that he wrote Linux as a short-term project, and is ready to use a better alternative. He believes there will be other people to make a stronger and more professional core. At the same time, he just used Linux as a small hobby of his own. Linus that open source software is a good way to learn about world programming. Open source is not like the classroom project, an active project needs to communicate with people to solve the problem. Some companies need technical talent, often in the open source community to find those active elements.   So being involved in open source projects is a great way to sell yourself to the world. Linux Features: Open, multi-user, multitasking, rich network functions, reliable system security, good portability, with standard compatibility, good user interface (command interface, graphical interface, etc.), excellent speed performance

components of Linux: kernel: The heart of the system, the core program that runs programs and manages hardware such as disks and printers. Shell: The system's user interface, which provides an interface between the user and the kernel to interoperate. It receives the user input command and sends it to the kernel to execute, and is a command interpreter. But it not only makes the command interpreter, but also the advanced programming language, Shell programming. File system: File system is a file stored in storage devices such as disk organization method, Linux supports a variety of file systems, such as ext3,ext2,nfs,smb,iso9660 applications: standard Linux operating system will have a set of applications such as X-window, Open Office, and so on

Linux version:Release version: A collection of software packages that are packaged with Linux system kernels and applications and documents, and provide a set of installation interfaces and system settings management tools, such as Redhat,debian,ubuntu, Novell/suse, etc. The Ubuntu version number is made up of the year and month of the publication and is published half a year. The first release was in October 2004, so the version was 4.10. Released on April 23, 2009, so the version number is 9.04. RedHat: More on server Ubuntu: More on your personal desktopLinux Development and the future:Now many companies are using Linux operating systems, Linux operating systems from the desktop to the server, from the operating system to the embedded system, from the fragmented application to the entire industry has been the beginning of the prototype. The Linux server operating system occupies more and more market share in the whole server operating system market pattern, and has formed the large-scale application situation. Android is based on Linux, in fact, initially Android is a branch of Linux, and finally found that the Android changes too many things, can not be merged into the Linux main line, so Linux has to split the android, so that Android itself development.Linux directory structure:Bin Storage binary executable (LS,CAT,MKDIR, etc.) boot store the various file dev used for system boot use to store device files etc Storage System Profile Home Store all user files in root lib storage and file system Program run requires shared libraries and kernel modules MNT system administrator installs temporary file system installation point opt for the location of the optional application package placed by the proc virtual file system, store the current memory of the map root Super User directory Sbin storage binary Executable file, only root can access TMP for storing various temporary files USR for system applications, more important directory/usr/local local Administrator software installation directory Var is used to store files that need to change data at run time