Linux Shell Getting Started commands and actions (note)

First, the basic operation
1. Important Shortcut keys

Tab	Complete commands, directories, parameters, filenames, etc.
CTRL + C	Force the current program to terminate
Ctrl+d	Keyboard input end or exit terminal
CTRL + Z	Put the current program in the background and revert to the foreground using FG
CTRL + A	Move the cursor to the beginning of the input, equivalent to the home key
Ctrl+e	Moves the cursor to the end of the input line, equivalent to the END key
Ctrl+k	Remove from cursor position to end of line
Alt+backspace	Delete a word forward
Shift+pgup	Scroll the terminal display up
Shift+pgdn	Scroll down the terminal display
Arrow key "Up" key	Restore the commands you have entered before

2. Wildcard characters

*	match 0 or more characters /td>
	match any one of the characters
[list]	match any single character in the list
[!list]
[C1-C2]	match any single character in c1-c2 such as: [0-9][a-z]
[str1,str2,...]	match str1 or str2 (or more) one of the strings
{c1. C2}	match all the words in c1-c2 such as {1..10}, note that each character is matched once

                      
                      
                
                
               
        
               
  

3, man

1 Mans <name>       Man

Second, user and file Rights management
1. User Management

1 W.H.O.[Options] ... [File |parameter 1 parameter 2] #显示当前已登录的用户信息2 sudoAddUser <name>#添加新用户3 sudo passwd<name> #为用户设置密码, no <name>The current user's password is set4 su<name>#切换登录用户5 groups<name>#查看用户属于哪些用户组6 sudoUsermod-g <g-name> <u-name>#为用户添加用户组7 sudoDeluser <u-name>--remove-home #删除用户并删除该用户的Home目录

2. File permissions

1 ls [Options] ... [File] ...             #列出文件的信息 2chown  [options] ... [owner] File name     #修改文件的所有者 3chgrp  [options] ... User group File      ... #修改文件所属的用户组 4chmod [options] ... Mode... File ...     #修改文件的读写执行权限

Iii. File and directory operations
1. Directory operation

1  Tree <name>     #以树形结构显示目录的结构, note that the tree tool needs to be installed on its own 2  cd <name>       #切换到指定目录 3  pwd              #获取当前目录的绝对路径  4  mkdir <name>    #创建新目录

2. File operation

1 Touch<name>#创建空白文件2 CP<name> <p-name>#复制文件到指定目录3 RM[Options] ... <name> #删除文件或空目录, plus-The r parameter can be deleted unless an empty directory4 MV<name> <p-name>#移动文件到指定目录, or modify the file name5 Cat[Options] <name>#正序打印文件内容6 TAC[Options] <name>#倒序打印文件内容7 NL[Options] <name>#添加行号并打印文件内容8  More<name>#分页查看文件内容9  Less<name>#类似于moreTen Head<name>#查看文件开头的内容 One Tail<name>#类似于head但是是从末尾开始 A file<name> #查看文件类型

Iv. environment variables and file search
1. Variables

1 declare var     #声明变量 2 var=XXX         #给变量赋值 3echo  $var       # Print variable contents 4 unset var       #删除一个环境变量

2. Environment variables

1 set             #显示当前shell所有环境变量 2env             #显示与当前用户相关的环境变量 3 Export          # Displays variables exported from the shell to environment variables

3. Search path and Order of command

1 echo $PATH      #输出的内容为系统查找命令的各个路径 to find and invoke the first command found in the ordered order

4. Add a custom path to path

1 path= $PATH:p ath-name    #临时修改当前shell的PATH变量

5. File Search

1 whereis <name>          #搜索二进制文件, man Help files or source code files 2locate <name>            #查找指定目录下不同类型的文件 3 which <name>            #用来确定是否安装了某个指定的软件 4find [path] [opt] [Act] # Search for files that meet the specified criteria in the specified directory

Five, file packaging and decompression
Common file Compression Package/Unzip tool:

1 Zip Unzip 2 rar 3 Tar

See man manual for details

Vi. file system operations and Disk Management
1. View disk and directory capacity

1 DF      #查看磁盘容量, often plus the-h parameter to print in an easy-to-read manner

2. Disk operation

1 DD                               #用于转换和复制文件 2Mount [opt] [sour] [dir]        #挂在磁盘到指定目录 3 Umount [dir]                    #卸载已挂载的磁盘 4sudo fdisk [opt]                #查看硬盘分区表信息

Command execution sequence control and piping
1. Order of command execution

1 cmd1;cmd2;cmd3,      ..... #按顺序执行cmd1, CMD2,... 2 cmd1 && cmd2            #只有cmd1执行成功才执行cmd23 cmd1 | | cmd2            #无论cmd1成功与否, all executed cmd24 cmd1 | cmd2             #将cmd1的输出作为cmd2的输入

2, common to the pipeline command

1 Cut      #打印每一行的某一字段 2grep    #在文本中或标准输入中查找匹配字符串 3 WC       number of #统计并输出一个文件中行, words, and bytes 4 Sort     #将输入按照一定方式排序后输出 5uniq    #用于过滤或者输出重复行

Eight, simple text processing
1. Text Processing commands

1 TR       #删除或替换一段文本信息中的某些文字 2col     #将Tab换成对等数量的空格, or reverse this operation 3join     #将两个文件中包含相同内容的那一行合并在一起 4 Paste   #将多个文件合并在一起, and tab-separated

Ix. Data Flow Redirection
1. Simple redirection

1 cmd > name      #将cmd1执行的结果重定向到指定文件或指定设备中, replace the original content 2 cmd >> name     #类似于 >  , but this is appended to the end of the file instead of replacing 3 cmd < name      #方向与 > opposite 4 cmd << name     #方向与 > > instead

2. Redirect to multiple files

1 Tee name1 name2       ... #将cmd1的执行结果重定向到标准输出和指定文件中

3. Fully shielded command output

1 cmd >/dev/null         #将命令的执行结果导入" black hole " file

Ten, Software Installation
1, online installation

1 apt-get         Common Assemblies for #用于安装, updates, uninstalls, and so on

tools	Description
I Nstall	followed by a package name for installing a package
update	update local software
UPGR Ade	upgrades all locally updatable packages, but there are dependencies that do not upgrade
Remove	remove installed packages, including those that are dependent on the removed software, but do not contain a File
purge	Remove packages and configuration files
clean	Remove downloaded to a local installed package

Note: This article is only as a study note in the process of the author's study, more detailed content please refer to related books or related documents

Linux Shell Getting Started commands and actions (note)