Linux Software Installation

1. How to install the software

For LinUX Beginners, installing software is probably a headache, because installing software under Linux is not as easy as it is in Windows. For Linux systems, packages appear in two main forms: binary packages and source code. The source code needs the user according to own system actual situation and own need to configure, compiles the source program, after the software can use. Most beginners often do not know how to configure and compile blindly to run some documents with execution properties or to mechanically run "make", "Made Install" commands. The result? Software is not installed, their own anxious out of a sweat, serious consequences will also undermine the stability of the system. Now the popular package is in the form of RPM packages.

2. Components of the binary program

(1) Binary program:/bin,/sbin/usr/sbin,/usr/local.bin,/usr/local/sbin

(2) Library file:/lib/lib64/usr/lib/usr/lib64/usr/local/lib/usr/local/lib64

(3) configuration file:/etc, no additional configuration required

(4) Help file:man file, info file, Readme,install,changelog

3. Application Manager

The usual package manager is rpm and Yum.

The function of the Package Manager is to package the compiled application's constituent files in one or several package files, so as to quickly and easily implement the package installation, uninstallation, query, upgrade and check management operations.

Use of 4.RPM

(1) name format of RPM package

SOURCE program: Name-version.tar. {Gz|bz2|xz},version:major.minor.release

RPM Package: name-version-release.arch.rpm

Release: usually contains the RPM production release number and also includes the applicable OS

Example: bash-4.3.2-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

OS platform: El6:redhat Enterprise Linux 6

Application Architecture arch:x86_64 (AMD64 Inter)

Note: A source code has 10 features most users only use its 6 functions, the remaining 4? It is a large program packaged into multiple packages, the main package (CORE): bash-4.3.2-2.el6.x86_64.rpm, Packet: bash-hello-4.3.2-2.el6.x86_64.rpm (dependent on the main package).

(2) Install package

RPM-IVH rpm_package ...

Options	Description
-I.	Install packages
-V	Display installation Information
-H	Displays the installation progress as #, a # represents 2% progress
--test	Test only, not really installed
--nodeps	Ignore dependencies
--replacepkgs	Re-install

(3) Uninstalling the package

RPM-E package_name

If you unload a package that is dependent on another program:

① to unload the dependents together

② Ignore dependencies:--nodeps

③ not uninstalled

(4) Query package

Rpm-q

Options	Description
-Q	To view Software installation information
-A	Querying all installed Packages
-I.	Query the package for more information
-L	Query the location of the list generated by the installation package
-F	Query for a file that is generated by the package installation
-D	Query the help document that is generated after the package is installed
-C	Query the configuration file generated after installation

(5) Upgrade Package

RPM {-UVH|-FVH}/path/to/package_file

Options	Description
-U	Upgrade or install
-F	Install only

(6) Inspection Package

Rpm-v package_name

S File size differs sizes

M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type) header file

5 Digest (formerly MD5 sum) differs MD5

D Device Major/minor number mismatch

L Readlink (2) path mismatch

U User ownership differs owner

G Group ownership differs

T MTime differs modified time

P capabilities differ ability changed.

Update in ...

Linux Software Installation