Linux source package software installation and uninstall __linux

First: Linux under the Software installation and uninstall

When installing software under Windows, just run the Software installer (Setup, install, etc.) or unzip the software with zip and so on to install, run the reverse installation program (uninstall, Unware, "uninstall", etc.) to clean the software, Fully graphical interface, simple to use the mouse to always click "Next" on it. Linux seems to be different, many beginners complain that it is very difficult to install and uninstall software under Linux, and it is not as intuitive as using Windows. In fact, installing and uninstalling the software under Linux is also very simple, there are also installation wizards or decompression installations, except that in addition to binary forms of software distribution, there are many packages distributed in the form of source code, the following is a detailed talk about the installation and uninstall of these software:

Installation and uninstall of one or two-in-system distribution packages

Binary distribution of Linux software refers to the release form of a software package that has already been compiled in binary form, the advantage is that the installation is easy to use, the disadvantage is the lack of flexibility, if the package is for a specific hardware/operating system platform compiled, it can not be in a different platform or environment to perform correctly.

1, *.rpm form of binary package

Installation: Rpm-ivh *.rpm

Uninstall: Rpm-e Packgename

Description: RPM (RedHat packge Manager) is RedHat company out of the package manager, use it can easily to the RPM package installation, upgrade, uninstall, verify, query and other operations, installation is simple, It is also possible to remove files that are installed in multiple directories while uninstalling, so it is recommended that beginners use the RPM package as much as they can. The parameters of RPM are installed------------------------------------to display the installation progress with a hash, *.rpm is the file name of the package (here *.rpm refers to a file other than *.src.rpm) Unlike the file name of a package, it is often a string that precedes the version number in the filename, such as apache-3.1.12- I386.RPM and apache-devel-3.1.12-i386.rpm are package file names, and their package names are Apache and Apache-devel respectively. More RPM Parameters please refer to the manual page: Man rpm.

If you do not like to install or uninstall these packages under the character interface, you can use the graphical interface package management program under X-window, such as glint, xrpm graphics interface, or KDE kpackge, so that the package installation, upgrade, uninstall, Verification and querying can be done easily by clicking the mouse.

2, *.tar.gz/*.tgz, *.bz2 form of binary package

Installation: Tar zxvf *.tar.gz or tar yxvf *.bz2

Uninstalling: Deleting manually

Description: *.tar.gz/*.bz2 form of the binary package is the use of the TAR tools to package, with GZIP/BZIP2 compression, the installation of a direct solution package can be. For software that has only a single directory after decompression, uninstall with the command "RM-RF software directory Name", if the file is dispersed in multiple directories after decompression, you must one by one manual deletion (slightly troublesome), want to know what files are installed to the system during decompression, you can use the command "tar ztvf *.tar.gz"/"tar YTVF *.bz2 "Get the list. Tar parameter z is called gzip decompression, X is unpack, V is checksum, F is display result, Y is call bzip2 decompression, T is List of file packages. For more parameters Please refer to the man page: Man tar.

If you prefer the graphical interface operation, you can use KDE's Ark compressed file management tool under X-window.

3, provide the installation program package

Such packages already provide installation scripts or binary installation wizards (Setup, install, install.sh, etc.) that can be installed by simply running it, while uninstalling scripts or programs are provided accordingly. For example, Sun's StarOffice Office software suite uses the installer named Setup and provides the ability to reverse install after the software is installed, so there is less of this type of package because it installs and unloads the same way as Windows software, so there is no need to say more.

Installation and uninstall of source code distribution software package

The source code distribution of Linux software refers to the release form of all program source codes for the software. Require the user to compile their own executable binary code and install, the advantage is flexible configuration, you can remove or retain certain functions/modules, adapt to a variety of hardware/operating system platform and the compilation environment, the disadvantage is more difficult , generally not suitable for beginners to use.

1, *.src.rpm form of source code software package

Installation: Rpm-rebuild *.src.rpm

Cd/usr/src/dist/rpms

RPM-IVH *.rpm

Uninstall: Rpm-e Packgename

Description: The rpm--rebuild *.src.rpm command compiles the source code and generates a binary RPM package under/usr/src/dist/rpms, then installs the binary package. Packgename as mentioned earlier.

2, *.tar.gz/*.tgz, *.bz2 form of source code software package

Installation: Tar zxvf *.tar.gz or tar yxvf *.bz2 first extract

Then go to the unpacked directory:

./configure Configuration

Make compilation

Make install Installation

Uninstalling: Make uninstall or manually removed

Note: It is recommended to read the description file after decompression, you can understand what needs to install, if necessary, you need to change the compilation configuration. The source code for some packages can be uninstalled with the make install command after compiling the installation, and if this feature is not available, the uninstall of the software must be manually removed. Since software may be able to distribute files across multiple directories in the system, it is often difficult to remove them cleanly, then you should configure them before compiling to specify that the software will be installed to the target path:. /configure--prefix= directory name so that you can use the RM-RF Software directory name command to perform a clean and thorough uninstall. Compared with other installation methods, users need to compile their own installation is the most difficult, it is suitable for the use of Linux has a certain experience of people, generally do not recommend the use of beginners.

About Linux Software Installation and uninstall Lanche has said so much, but maybe someone will ask how to know a tar.gz/bz2 package is a binary package or a source code package. If you use the compression tool will understand that the compression package is not necessarily software, it may be a lot of backup pictures, but also may be packaged in common information, to distinguish it is what the best way is to look at the file list in the package, using the command tar ZTVF *.tar.gz/tar YTVF *. BZ2 or using graphical Ark compressed file management tools under X-window, source code package files often contain a variety of source code files, header file *.h, C code source file *.c, C code source file *.cc/*.cpp, etc., and binary package files will have executable file ( Often the same name as the software is the master execution file, and the flag is the directory where the path contains the name bin (with only a few exceptions). Originally so simple ah, not quick point yourself try!

Chapter Two: How to install Linux software

Install the software under Windows Everyone feels very easy, just double-click the setup or install icon, and then follow the wizard step-by-step prompts to do it, but the installation of software under Linux is not as easy as windows, Sometimes you find that there is no compiled software source code, that is even more trouble, here on how to install Linux software!

Linux software is generally compressed, the main format has these: RPM, tar, tar.gz, tgz and so on. So the first thing to get the software is to decompress.

First, in the Xwindow RPM software installation is easier, as long as the mouse to move to the file right click, in the pop-up menu will have a special three (only in the right click RPM file will appear) show Info,upgrade and install, The meaning of these three items is very clear to everyone, I will not say more. RPM format said, and then is tar,tar.gz,tgz, and so on, in Xwindow double-click these formats of the file will be automatically uncompressed, is uncompressed and not like RPM has install options, install files will be in your decompression before appearing, but here I want to say first , before you double-click Install, suggest a good look at the readme, because you want to install the software may not be compiled, so it would be better to look at it.

Second, said Xwindow under the installation and decompression, then said in the text mode how to decompress and install, there are compiled source code. First to say rpm, log in as root (or log in with other identities but some software cannot be installed) type Rpm-i The file you want to extract + extension (rpm, of course) is not very difficult, I would like to say that "I" means install, If you want to uninstall or to perform other instructions on the RPM--help, look at the computer to give you the hint, in order to take care of those who are not very good e-wen I write a few commonly used parameters:-e: Uninstall related applications,-u (note is uppercase): Upgrade package,- PQL: Lists information about the RPM package,-QF: Find out which package the specified file belongs to. For those other forms of software can be used Gunzip,gzip,tar and unzip and other instructions to decompress, and then run the install. After the solution will get some files, and then into the uncompressed file directory with the "ls-f-color" command to look at the resulting file, generally there are two cases: the first is the file for the compiled program (no need to compile) with the above view File command will be marked with "*" bright green display; The second type is the source code that needs to be compiled by you. If you get the source code, we need to compile it ourselves to get a running program. Compiling source code I heard the compilation. Is it scaring you? In fact, it is also added a few words, for beginners are some difficulties to use a good operating system needs to learn well, and so you learned in the mm before the stuff think about it ..., before compiling, carefully read the Readme document, The old birds will not need it, when you finish reading it will execute

./configure

Make

Make install (only root is required to execute this command), and the software executable program is available in the current directory or SRC subdirectory after the compilation completes.

Introduction, we are not aware of the RPM software installation is easier, but my personal opinion of beginners or more than the choice of RPM format software, because the source code can compile the software for you later to build the core to lay a certain foundation.

Article Three: Easy to install, uninstall Linux software

The installation and uninstallation of Linux software has been a challenge for many new users. In Windows, we can use the security loading program that comes with the software or Add/Remove Programs in Control Panel. Similar to Linux, there is a powerful software loading and unloading tool called RPM. It can be used to build, install, query, update, uninstall software. The tool is used at the command line. You can get help for this command by entering RPM after the shell's prompt.

Installation of software

There are two different forms of software installation under Linux. The first installation file name is xxx.tar.gz; another installation file name is xxx.i386.rpm. Software distributed in the first way is mostly sent in the form of source code, and the second is sent directly in binary form.

For the first type, the installation method is as follows:

1. First, copy the installation files to your directory. For example, if you are logged on as root, copy the software to/root.

#cp Xxx.tar.gz/root

2. Because the file is compressed and packaged, it should be decompressed. The command is:

#tar Xvzf filename.tar.gz

3. After executing the command, the installation file is extracted in the current directory by path. Use the LS command to see the uncompressed file. Usually in the resulting file after the decompression, there are "Install" files. This file is a plain text file, detailing how the package is installed.

4. Perform a decompression of the resulting executable script named configure. It is the system information required for installation to check whether the system has the necessary libraries to compile, and whether the version of the library meets the needs of the compilation. Prepare for the subsequent compilation work. The command is: #./configure.

5. After the check is passed, the makefile file for compilation is generated. At this point, you are ready to start compiling. The process of compiling depends on the size of the software and the performance of the computer, and the time spent is different. The command is: #make.

6. After successful compilation, type the following command to start the installation:

#make Install

7. Installation completed, should clear the compilation process generated during the temporary files and configuration process generated files. Type the following command:

#make Clean

#make Distclean

At this point, the software installation is complete.

For the second, the method of installation is much simpler.

As in the first approach, copy the installation files to your directory. Then use RPM to install the file. The order is as follows:

#rpm-I. filename.i386.rpm

RPM will automatically unpack the installation files and install the software to the default directory. and register the software installation information into the RPM database. The function of the parameter i is to get the RPM into installation mode.

Uninstall of software

1. Software uninstall is mainly done using RPM. The uninstall software first needs to know the name that the package registers in the system. Type the command:

#rpm-Q-A

You can query all the packages that are installed in the current system.

2. Determine the name of the software to uninstall, you can start to actually uninstall the software. You can uninstall the software by typing the following command:

#rpm-E [package name]

The function of the parameter e is to get the RPM into uninstall mode. Uninstall the package named [Package name]. There is a dependency between each package in the system. If you cannot uninstall because of dependencies, RPM prompts and stops uninstalling. You can use the following commands to ignore dependencies and start uninstalling directly:

#rpm-E [package name]-nodeps

Ignoring the uninstallation of dependencies can cause some other software in the system to be unusable.

Add:

If it is to. The binary software at the end of bin can be installed using the following methods (for example, So-6_0-beta-bin-linux-zh-tw1.bin):

Run the analog terminal under the So-6_0-beta-bin-linux-zh-tw1.bin folder

Input:

./so-6_0-beta-bin-linux-zh-tw1.bin

and press ENTER!

Of course, you can also enter:

./so and then use the [Tab] key to complete

(。 /represents the current directory, and if the terminal is not open in the directory where the software is located, then the appropriate path should be entered before the software name. )

If you are in the graphical interface, you can also click directly (or double-click, depending on the specific mouse settings) to install!

This article originates from http://soft.chinabyte.com/os/260/12278260.shtml