Linux system Installation

One, VMware virtual machine installation

Vmvare is a Virtual PC software that can create a new hardware environment on an existing operating system, which is equivalent to simulating a new PC in order to actually run two separate operating systems on a single machine.

Vmvare official website: www.wmvare.com.

Vmvare Main Features

1. You can use more than two operating systems on the same PC without partitioning or rebooting.

2. The operating system can communicate with the virtual machine system

3. You can set the hardware configuration to modify the virtual machine operating system at any time.

Tips for using

1. Learn to use snapshots. Snapshots can restore the system or initiate acceleration.

2. Learn to use clones. Note that cloning is divided into two types, one is link clone, the other is complete cloning, to understand the differences between the two clones.

Second, Linux Disk Management

    in Learning Linux in the process of installing Linux is the first threshold for every beginner. In the middle of this process, the biggest confusion is to partition the hard disk. Although, now the various releases of theLinuxhas provided a friendly graphical interface, but many people still feel the impossible. The main reason for this is unclear.Linuxpartition, and the most efficient partitioning tool under it―fdiskmethod of use.

First of all, we have some preliminary understanding of the basic concept of hard disk partitioning, the partition of the hard disk is mainly divided into basic partition (primary partion) and extended partition (extension partion) two, the sum of the number of basic and extended partitions cannot be greater than four. and basic partitions can be used immediately but cannot be partitioned. The expansion partition must be partitioned before it can be used, meaning it must be partitioned two times. So what is the partition going to be divided into? It is a logical partition (logical partion), and there is no limit to the number of logical partitions.

is accustomed to using dos or windows user, can be a bit annoying. Because of the Red Hat linux the user, regardless of the number of partitions, to which directory to use, it boils down to only one root directory, a separate and unique file structure. Red Hat Linux

for Windows users, the operating system must be installed in the same partition, it is commercial software ! so there's no room for you to choose! For Red Hat Linux , you have a big choice, you can put the system files in several areas (you have to specify the loading point), you can also be installed in the same partition (loading point is "/").

The following two aspects of the beginning, to explain the problems that beset everyone.

partitioning rules for Linux

1. Device Management

in Linux , every hardware device is mapped to a system file, which is no exception for IDE or SCSI devices such as hard drives, optical drives, and so on . Linux assigns a variety of IDE devices to a file composed of HD prefixes, and for various SCSI devices, a file consisting of an SD prefix is assigned.

forIdehard drive, the drive identifier is"Hdx~",which"HD"indicates the type of device on which the partition is located, which meansIdethe hard drive. "X"is the disk number (Aas the basic disk,Bas a basic slave disk,Cas an auxiliary primary disk,Das auxiliary slave disk), "~"represents the partition, with the first four partitions with a digital1to the4indicates that they are primary or extended partitions, from5The beginning is the logical partition. Example,Hda3expressed as the firstIdethird primary or extended partition on a hard disk, HDB2expressed as a secondIdethe second primary partition or extended partition on the hard disk. ForScsithe hard drive is identified as"Sdx~",Scsithe hard disk is used"SD"to represent the type of device on which the partition resides, and the restIdethe hard disk is represented the same way, does not say more.

For example, the first IDE device,Linux is defined as HDA, and thesecond IDE device is defined as a HDB; SCSI devices should be SDA,sdb,SDC, and so on.

2. Number of partitions

to partition, you have to operate on every hardware device, which can be aIdehard disk or a pieceScsihard drive. For each hard drive (IdeorScsi) Equipment,Linuxassigned a1to the16serial number, which represents the partition number above the hard drive.
For example, the firstIdethe first partition of a hard disk,LinuxThe following mapping isHda1, the second partition is calledHda2. ForScsithe hard drive isSda1,Sdb1and so on.

3. The role of each partition

As specified in Linux, each hard disk device can have up to 4 primary partitions (which contain extended partitions), any one of the extended partition will occupy a primary partition number, that is, on one hard disk, the primary and extended partitions are up to 4 total A.
for the early DOS and Windows( Previous versions of Windows), the system recognizes only one primary partition and can further refine the partition by adding logical drive (logical partitioning) methods on the extended partition.

The primary partition is used by the computer to boot the operating system, so that each operating system's boot, or boot program, should be stored on the primary partition.

This is the biggest difference between the primary partition and the extended partition and logical partition.

We specify the installation bootLinuxof theBootloader, it is the best example to specify it on the primary partition.
Linuxspecifies that the primary partition (or extended partition) occupies1to16the front of the number4a number. With the firstIdeFor example, the primary partition (or extended partition) takes upHda1,Hda2,Hda3,Hda4, and the logical partition takes upHda5to theHda16wait12a number.
therefore,Linuxeach of the following drives has a total of up to16a partition.
for logical partitions,Linuxspecifies that they must be built on the extended partition (inDosand theWindowsThis is also the case on the system), not on the primary partition.
Therefore, we can see that the extended partition can provide a more flexible partitioning mode, but it cannot be used as aOperating Systemthe BOOT. By Removing the differences between the various partitions above, we can simply treat them equally.
4.Partition Metrics

for each of theLinuxPartitioning , the size of partitions and the type of partitioning are the most important indicators. The size of the capacity of the reader is easy to understand, but the type of partitioning is not so easy to accept. The type of partition specifies the format of the file system above the partition.
Linuxsupports a wide range of file system formats, including our familiarFAT32,FAT16,Ntfs,HP-UX, as well as variousLinuxPeculiar toLinux Nativeand theLinux SwapThe partition type.
in theLinuxthese different types of partitions can be distinguished by the partition type number in the system. Various types of numbers in the introductionFdiskwill be introduced when using the method.
5Common Partitions

/bootpartition, which contains the kernel of the operating system and the files to be used in the process of booting the system, build thispartitioning is necessary because most of the currentPcConfidential byBiosThe Restrictions,Besides, if there's a separate/bootboot partition, even if there is a problem with the primary root partition, the computer can stillstart. The size of this partition is about50mb-100mbbetween. But if you want to useLiloStartRed Hat Linuxsystem, it contains/bootthe partition must be completely in the cylinder1023the following. And because8gbafter the dataLilocannot read, soRed Hat Linuxto be installed in8gbwithin the region.

/usr partition, where the Red Hat Linux system stores the software and, if possible, give it the maximum amount of space.

/home partition, which is the location of the username and the size of the partition depends on how many users there are. If The result is multi-user common use of a computer, this partition is completely necessary, and the root user can also be very good control of ordinary users to use the computer, such as the user or user groups to implement the limited use of hard disk, restricting the access of the general users of the files and so on. In fact, a single user also has the need to establish this partition, because there is no such partition, then you can only be the root of the user login system, this is dangerous, because the root users have absolute access to the system, but once you have the system by mistake, trouble will come.

/var/log partitions, which are system logging partitions, if this separate partition is set up, so that even if there is a problem with the system's log files, they do not affect the primary partition of the operating system.

/TMP partition, used to store temporary files. This is necessary for multi-user systems or Web servers. This allows the other parts of the file system to be secure even if the program is running with a large number of temporary files, or if the user is doing something wrong with the system. Because this part of the filesystem is still subject to read and write operations, it usually has problems faster than the rest of the system.

/bin partitions, storing standard system utilities.

/dev partition to store the device files.

/OPT partition, storage of optional installed software.

/sbin partitions, storing standard system management files.

several commonly used partitions are described above, in general we need a swap partition, a /boot partition, a /usr partition, a /home partition, a /var /log partition. Of course, there are no rules, it's entirely up to you. But remember to have at least two partitions, one swap partition, one / partition.

Third, Linux system installation

For specific installation procedures, please see: http://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-install.html.

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Linux system Installation