Linux tar command usage detailed

tar [-cxtzjvfppn] files and directories ....

Example:

Example one: Package all the files in the/etc directory into a/tmp/etc.tar

[Root@linux ~]# tar-cvf/tmp/etc.tar/etc <== only packaged, not compressed!
[Root@linux ~]# tar-zcvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz/etc <== packaged, gzip compressed
[Root@linux ~]# tar-jcvf/tmp/etc.tar.bz2/etc <== after packaging to bzip2 compression
# Note that the file name after the parameter F is taken by itself, and we are accustomed to using the. Tar as an identification.
# If you add the z parameter, the. tar.gz or. tgz to represent the gzip-compressed tar file ~
# If you add the J parameter, use the. tar.bz2 as the file name.
# The above instruction will display a warning message when it is executed:
# "tar:removing leading"/"from member names" is a special set of absolute paths.

Example two: What documents are available in the above/tmp/etc.tar.gz document?

[Root@linux ~]# tar-ztvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz
# Since we use gzip compression, we need to check the files in the tar file
# We're going to have to add the Z parameter! It's very important!

Example three: Unzip the/tmp/etc.tar.gz file under/USR/LOCAL/SRC

[Root@linux ~]# CD/USR/LOCAL/SRC
[Root@linux src]# tar-zxvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz
# in the preset case, we can release the compressed file anywhere! In this example,
# I first transform the working directory underneath the/USR/LOCAL/SRC and unlock the/tmp/etc.tar.gz,
# then untie the catalog will be in/USR/LOCAL/SRC/ETC! In addition, if you enter the/USR/LOCAL/SRC/ETC
# you will find that the file attributes in this directory may be different from the/etc/.

Example four: under/tmp, I just want to untie the etc/passwd in the/tmp/etc.tar.gz.

[Root@linux ~]# Cd/tmp
[Root@linux tmp]# tar-zxvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz etc/passwd
# I can check the file name in the Tarfile through TAR-ZTVF, if only one file
# you can make it through this way! Notice that! The root directory within the etc.tar.gz/was taken away!

Example five: Back up all the files in the/etc/and save their permissions!

[Root@linux ~]# Tar-zcvpf/tmp/etc.tar.gz/etc
# This property of-p is important, especially if you want to preserve the properties of the original file!

Example six: In/home, a new file is backed up in 2005/06/01

[Root@linux ~]# tar-n "2005/06/01"-ZCVF home.tar.gz/home

Example seven: I want to back up/home,/etc, but don't/home/dmtsai

[Root@linux ~]# TAR–EXCLUDE/HOME/DMTSAI-ZCVF myfile.tar.gz/home/*/etc

Example eight: The/etc/package will be unpacked directly to the bottom of/tmp, without producing a file!
[Root@linux ~]# Cd/tmp
[Root@linux tmp]# tar-cvf–/etc | TAR-XVF-
# This action is a bit like cp-r/etc/tmp ~ still has its use!
# The place to note is that the output file becomes – and the input file becomes – and there is a | exist ~
# This separately represents standard output, standard input and Pipeline command!

Example seven: Exclude packaging You can use the-exclude parameter

Cases:

Exclude specified file:

Exclude folder A in the test directory

#tar-ZCVF test.tar.gz--exclude=test/a test

Exclude Folder A and B from the test directory

#tar-ZCVF test.tar.gz--exclude=test/a--exclude=test/b test

Such as:

Tar Cvfz backup_1.tar.gz/opt/data-exclude=resource*

Resource-named directories and files are excluded when packaging/opt/data.

If you want to include a specific list of files without a section, you can put files that are not included in a file Ext.txt

And then

Tar cvfz backup_1.tar.gz-exclude=resource*-x ext.txt/opt/data

It's OK.

The contents of my Ext.txt file are as follows:

$ cat/tmp/ext.txt

/opt/data/devs/locks/db-logs.lock
/opt/data/devs/locks/db.lock
/opt/data/devs/hooks/post-revprop-change.tmpl
/opt/data/devs/hooks/pre-lock.tmpl
/opt/data/devs/hooks/post-unlock.tmpl
/opt/data/devs/db/transactions
/opt/data/devs/db/txn-current-lock
/opt/data/devs/db/write-lock
/opt/data/devs/db/format
/opt/data/devs/conf/passwd

This allows you to not include any of the above files or directories when you package.

Parameters
A or--catenate adds warm pieces to the existing backup file.
Number of-b< blocks > or--blocking-factor=< blocks > set the number of blocks per record, each chunk size is 12Bytes.
-B or--read-full-records to reset the chunk size when reading data.
-C or--create to create a new backup file.
-c< destination directory > or--directory=< destination > switch to the specified directory.
-D or--diff or--compare contrast the differences between files within the backup file and the file system.
-f< backup files > or--file=< backup files > Specify backup files.
-f<script file > or--info-script=<script file > executes the specified script file each time the tape is replaced.
-G or--listed-incremental handles a large number of backups in the GNU format.
G-or--incremental handles a large number of backups of the old GNU format.
-H or--dereference does not establish a symbolic connection, directly copying the original file that the connection points to.
-I or--ignore-zeros ignores the 0 byte blocks in the backup file, which is EOF.
When a-K or--keep-old-files unlocks a backup file, it does not overwrite the existing file.
-k< file > or--starting-file=< file > Start the restore from the specified file.
Files or directories that are copied by-L or--one-file-system must be in the same file system as the tar instruction executes, otherwise they will not be replicated.
-l< Media capacity > or-tape-length=< Media capacity > Settings Store the capacity of each body, measured in 1024 bytes.
When you restore a file-M or--modification-time, the file's change time does not change.
-M or--multi-volume uses a multiple volume mode when establishing, restoring, or listing the contents of a backup file.
-n< date format > or--newer=< date > save only files that are newer than the specified date to the backup file.
The V7 format is used for writing data to the backup file by-O or--old-archive or--portability.
-O or--stdout outputs the files restored from the backup file to the standard output device.
-P or--same-permissions restores the file with the original file permissions.
The-p or--absolute-names filename uses an absolute name and does not remove the "/" number before the file name.
-R or--append the new file to the end of the existing backup file.
-R or--block-number lists the block numbers for each information in the backup file.
The order of the-s or--same-order restore files is the same as the order in which they are stored in the backup file.
-S or--sparse if a file contains a large number of consecutive 0 bytes, save this file as a sparse file.
-T or--list lists the contents of the backup file.
The-t< template file > or--files-from=< template file > Specifies a template file that contains one or more template styles, allowing tar to untie or set up files that meet the set criteria.
-U or--update only replaces files that are newer than those in the backup file.
-U or--unlink-first the file's connection before undoing the compressed file restore file.
The-V or--verbose displays the instruction execution process.
-v< volume name > or--label=< volume name > Establish a backup file that uses the specified volume name.
-W or--interactive ask the user before encountering a problem.
The confirmation file is correct after writing to the backup file-W or--verify.
-X or--extract or--get restores files from the backup file.
The-x< template file > or--exclude-from=< template file > Specifies a template file that contains one or more template styles, allowing AR to exclude files that meet the set criteria.
-Z or--gzip or--ungzip processes the backup file through the gzip instruction.
The backup file is processed by the-Z or--compress or--uncompress through the compress instruction.
-< device number >< storage density > Set the peripheral device number for the backup and the density of the data stored.
--after-date=< Date Time > The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-n" parameter.
--atime-preserve does not change the access time of the file.
--backup=< backup > or--backup to remove files before removing them.
--checkpoint lists directory names when reading backup files.
--concatenate the effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-A" argument.
--confirmation the effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-w" parameter.
--delete deletes the specified file from the backup file.
--exclude=< template style > exclude the style of the asked home model.
--group=< Group name > sets the group to which the files in the device file belong to the specified group.
--help online Help.
--ignore-failed-read ignores data read errors and does not interrupt execution of programs.
The--new-volume-script=<script file > The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-F" argument.
--newer-mtime only saved files that have changed.
--no-recursion does not do recursive processing, that is, all files and subdirectories under the specified directory are not processed.
--null read the file name from the null device.
--numeric-owner replaces user and group names with user identification codes and group identifiers.
--owner=< User name > Set the owner of the file that is added to the backup file to the specified user.
--posix uses the POSIX format when writing data to a backup file.
--preserve the effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-ps" parameter.
--preserve-order the effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-A" argument.
--preserve-permissions the effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-P" argument.
The number of--record-size=< blocks > The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-B" parameter.
--recursive-unlink to undo the compressed file restore directory, first remove all files in the entire directory connection.
After the--remove-files file is added to the backup file, it is deleted.
--rsh-command=< executes instructions > sets instructions to be executed on the remote host to replace the rsh instruction.
--same-owner tries to restore your home with the same file owner.
--suffix=< backup Word Tail string > Remove files before backing up.
The file size is listed after the--totals backup file is established.
--use-compress-program=< executes the instructions > processes the backup files through the specified instructions.
--version Displays version information.
--volno-file=< Number file > Use the number in the specified file to replace the preset volume number.