Linux under Basic commands (i)

Accumulate knowledge every day will have growth, as long as pay in the near future will have a harvest, may come back later, but must be expensive in insist, today's first blog, such as the unexpected situation I will send every day, this is my summary of the find command some actual combat, I hope I summarize the knowledge points in the future will be helpful to everyone.

Find

-name "*a" #以a结尾的文件或目录

-name "A *" #以a开头的文件或目录

-name "*a*" #文件名中带有a字符的文件或目录

form of the command

Format: Find Pathname–options [-print]

Command Word path name option output

Parameters:

The directory path that the Pathname:find command looks for. For example, use. To represent the current directory, with/to represent the system root directory.

The-print:find command outputs the matched file to standard output.

Find command options:

-name finds files by file name. Name

-perm to find files according to file permissions. 666 777 etc.

-prune Use this option to make the Find command not found in the currently specified directory (exclude) If you use the-depth option at the same time,-prune will be ignored by the Find command

-depth When looking for a file, first find the file in the current directory, and then look in its subdirectories

-user Find files according to the owner of the file

-nouser Find a file without a valid owner, that is, the owner of the file does not exist in the/etc/passwd

-group Find files according to the group to which the files belong

-nogroup finds a file that does not have a valid owning group, that is, the group to which the file belongs does not exist in/etc/groups

-mtime–n/+n to find files according to the time the file was changed,

-N means that the file change time is less than n days from now

+ N means file change time is now N days ago

-type Finding a file of a certain type

B-Block device files

D-Catalog

C-Character device files

P-Piping File

L-Symbol link file

F-Normal file

-size n [C] finds files with a file length of n, with C indicating the length of the file in bytes

-exec The other Linux commands given by the parameter to the matching file, the command is in the form of ' command {} \;, note the space between {} and \; {} represents the found content

-fstype Find files located in a type of file system that are typically found in the configuration file/etc/fstab, which contains information about the file system in the system.

-mount does not cross the file system mount point when locating files.

-follow If the find command encounters a symbolic link file, it tracks to the file that the link points to.

1. Find/directory files starting with a

[Email protected] ~]# Find/-name a.*

/a.txt

[Email protected] ~]#

2. Find files with file permissions of 644 in the current directory

[[email protected] ~]# find./-perm 644

/root/ac

/root/.tcshrc

/root/install.log.syslog

/root/.bashrc

/root/.cshrc

/root/install.log

/root/.bash_logout

/root/a10

/root/.bash_profile

[Email protected] ~]#

3. Find/directory files or directories under the name AAA

[[email protected] ~]# Find/-name AAA

/aaa

/root/aaa

[Email protected] ~]#

4. Look for a file or directory under the/etc/directory with a file permission of 644, first view the current directory and then check its second son directory

[Email protected] ~]# find/etc/-depth-perm 644

/etc/login.defs

/etc/adjtime

/etc/rwtab

/etc/printcap

/etc/xdg/autostart/imsettings-start.desktop

/etc/xdg/autostart/restorecond.desktop

/etc/xdg/autostart/gnome-keyring-daemon.desktop

...........

5. Find the file or directory where the master is root in the/etc directory, showing only the first 10 rows

[Email protected] ~]# find/etc/-user Root | Head-10

/etc/

/etc/login.defs

/etc/rc

/etc/adjtime

/etc/rwtab

/etc/xinetd.d

/etc/printcap

/etc/sudoers.d

/etc/xdg

/etc/xdg/autostart

[Email protected] ~]#

After 10 lines

[Email protected] ~]# find/etc/-user Root | Tail-10

/etc/rc.d/rc4.d/s10network

/etc/rc.d/rc4.d/k89netconsole

/etc/rc.d/rc4.d/s80postfix

/etc/rc.d/rc4.d/s11auditd

/etc/rc.d/rc4.d/s08iptables

/etc/rc.d/rc4.d/k89rdisc

/etc/rc.d/rc4.d/s26udev-post

/etc/rc.d/rc4.d/s55sshd

/etc/rc.d/rc4.d/k10saslauthd

/etc/rc.d/rc4.d/s50kdump

[Email protected] ~]#

6. Find the group that belongs to the/etc/directory and the owner is root first look at the current directory and then look at the second son directory display the first 10 rows

[Email protected] ~]# find/etc/-depth-user root-group Root | Head-10

/etc/login.defs

/etc/rc

/etc/adjtime

/etc/rwtab

/etc/xinetd.d

/etc/printcap

/etc/sudoers.d

/etc/xdg/autostart/imsettings-start.desktop

/etc/xdg/autostart/restorecond.desktop

/etc/xdg/autostart/gnome-keyring-daemon.desktop

[Email protected] ~]# ll/etc/login.defs

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1816 February 9 2016/etc/login.defs

[Email protected] ~]#

Permission to execute files without read and write can also be deleted, provided that you want to back up

[Email protected] proc]# Ll/etc/shadow

----------. 1 root root 612 June 7 18:05/etc/shadow

[Email protected] proc]# Rm-rf/etc/shadow

[[email protected] proc]# ls

7. View the files in the/apps directory but do not view the/apps/bin directory

[Email protected] ~]# Find/apps-path "/apps/bin/"-prune-o-print

/apps

/apps/aaa

/apps/bin

[Email protected] ~]#

8. View/directory type directory, name AAA and view

[[email protected] ~]# Find/-type d-name Aaa-ls

3670017 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 June 7 18:54/aaa

3276811 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 June 14:34/root/aaa

[Email protected] ~]#

9. Delete/directory AAA file

[Email protected] ~]# Find/-name Aaa-ls

3538947 0-rw-r--r--1 root root 0 June 15:01/apps/aaa

3670017 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 June 7 18:54/aaa

3276811 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 June 14:34/root/aaa

[Email protected] ~]#

[Email protected] ~]#

[Email protected] ~]#

[[email protected] ~]# Find/-type f-name Aaa-delete

[Email protected] ~]#

[Email protected] ~]#

3670017 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 June 7 18:54/aaa

3276811 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 June 14:34/root/aaa

[Email protected] ~]#

10. View the directory name AAA and view all files or directories under the directory

[[email protected] ~]# Find/-type d-name AAA | Xargs ls

/AAA:

Centos-base.repo Centos-debuginfo.repo centos-fasttrack.repoCentos-media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo

/ROOT/AAA:

[Email protected] ~]#

11. View the file or directory that starts with a/etc/and displays it in a long format

[Email protected] ~]# find/etc/-depth-name "A *"-exec ls-l {} \;

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 46 June 17:28/etc/adjtime

Total Dosage 12

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2733 October 4 gnome-keyring-daemon.desktop

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2178 June imsettings-start.desktop

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 173 restorecond.desktop May

Total dosage 0

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 June 7 18:02 bin-iptables-xml.x86_64-/bin/iptables-xml-1.4.7

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 June 7 18:02 ip6tables.x86_64-/sbin/ip6tables-1.4.7

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 June 7 18:02 iptables.x86_64-/sbin/iptables-1.4.7

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 30 June 7 18:02 libip4tc000.x86_64-/lib64/libip4tc.so.0.0.0-1.4.7

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 June 7 18:02 libip4tc0.x86_64-/lib64/libip4tc.so.0-1.4.7

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 30 June 7 18:02 libip6tc000.x86_64-/lib64/libip6tc.so.0.0.0-1.4.7

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 June 7 18:02 libip6tc0.x86_64-/lib64/libip6tc.so.0-1.4.7

Returns whether the prompt information

[[email protected] ~]# Find/-depth-name "*a"-ok ls-l {} \;

< ls .../usr/lib64/nss/unsupported-tools/btoa >? Y

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10408 May 2016/usr/lib64/nss/unsupported-tools/btoa

< ls .../usr/lib64/krb5/plugins/authdata >?

12. View files that have been modified within 3 days

[Email protected] ~]# find/root/-mtime-3

/root/

/root/ac

/root/.bash_history

/root/aaa

/root/a10

/root/. Xauthority

[Email protected] ~]#

13. View files that were modified 1 days ago

[Email protected] ~]# find/root/-mtime +1

/root/.tcshrc

/root/install.log.syslog

/root/.bashrc

/root/.cshrc

/root/install.log

/root/.bash_logout

/root/anaconda-ks.cfg

/root/.bash_profile

[Email protected] ~]#

14. Check the/etc directory except for the file type display, display the first 10 lines

[[email protected] ~]# find/etc-depth! -type F | Head-10

/etc/rc

/etc/xinetd.d

/etc/sudoers.d

/etc/xdg/autostart

/etc/xdg

/etc/gnupg

/etc/pkcs11/modules

/etc/pkcs11

/etc/statetab.d

/etc/cron.d

[Email protected] ~]#

15. View files larger than 1M in/etc directory

[Email protected] ~]# find/etc/-size +1m

/etc/selinux/targeted/policy/policy.24

/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/policy.kern

[Email protected] ~]#

[Email protected] ~]# du-sh/etc/selinux/targeted/policy/policy.24

8.1M/etc/selinux/targeted/policy/policy.24

[Email protected] ~]#

[Email protected] ~]# Du-sh/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/policy.kern

8.1M/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/policy.kern

[Email protected] ~]#

16. View the top 10 (1b=512 bytes) of a file larger than 10 blocks in the/etc/directory is equal to 512 bytes

[Email protected] ~]# find/etc/-depth-size +10b | Head-10

/etc/sound/events/gtk-events-2.soundlist

/etc/sound/events/gnome-2.soundlist

/etc/rdma/fixup-mtrr.awk

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ib

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases

[Email protected] ~]#

17. View files or directories larger than 20k less than 50k in/etc directory

[Email protected] ~]# find/etc/-size +20k-size-50k

/etc/sound/events/gnome-2.soundlist

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6

/etc/postfix/main.cf

/etc/ld.so.cache

/etc/makedev.d/01linux-2.6.x

/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/cups.pp

/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/samba.pp

/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/unprivuser.pp

/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/virt.pp

/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/apache.pp

/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/postfix.pp

/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/xguest.pp

/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/nagios.pp

/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/rhcs.pp

/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/staff.pp

/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/unconfineduser.pp

/etc/rc.d/init.d/kdump

/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

[Email protected] ~]# du-sh/etc/sound/events/gnome-2.soundlist

28K/etc/sound/events/gnome-2.soundlist

[Email protected] ~]#

18. Find the/etc/directory with a file permission of 644 or a file name of Dsafadwfwqer

[Email protected] ~]# find/etc/-depth-perm 644-o-name "Dsafadwfwqer" | Head-10

/etc/login.defs

/etc/adjtime

/etc/rwtab

/etc/printcap

/etc/xdg/autostart/imsettings-start.desktop

/etc/xdg/autostart/restorecond.desktop

/etc/xdg/autostart/gnome-keyring-daemon.desktop

/etc/sysctl.conf

/etc/cron.d/0hourly

/etc/logrotate.conf

[Email protected] ~]#

19. Find the/etc/directory with file permissions of 644 and to meet the file name Dsafadwfwqer

[Email protected] ~]# find/etc/-perm 644-a-name "Dsafadwfwqer"

/etc/dsafadwfwqer

[Email protected] ~]#

20. Output hahaha If the first command is unsuccessful

[[email protected] ~]# DSAFDSAFQEWRQEWR | | echo "hahaha"

-bash:dsafdsafqewrqewr:command not found

hahaha

[[email protected] ~]# echo $?

0

[Email protected] ~]#

This article is from the "Linuxtouch" blog, make sure to keep this source http://linuxtouch.blog.51cto.com/12429083/1941017

Linux under Basic commands (i)