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Four, under the Linux "Divine Weapon": 15 Q 55.KDE is what, what is the characteristics? The KDE project, launched in October 1996, is designed to create a complete and easy-to-use desktop environment on the X-window. KDE now has the heavyweight software of KFM (similar to IE4.0), KPresenter (like PowerPoint), Killustrator (like CorelDRAW or Illustrator), And thoughtful user GUI configuration software can help users configure unix/linux, so that it is popular with the user. But because KDE is based on the QT library developed by the Trolltech company, it has received a lot of criticism. Although Qt itself is excellent as a cross-platform development tool based on C + +, unfortunately it is not free software. QT's license allows anyone to use QT to write free software and free copies to other users, but if you use Qt to write freeware, you need to buy their license. More importantly, no one can modify the QT source code at will. If the Trolltech company changes the QT License, the company closes or buys the person to be able to cause KDE to be undone. What is 56.GNOME and what is the characteristic? In August 1997, in order to overcome the difficulties of QT license protocol and single C + + dependencies encountered by KDE, the 250 programmers led by Miguel de Icaza in Mexico started a new project, completely from the beginning, which is gnome. After 14 months of joint efforts, finally completed the project. Gnome now has the support of the largest issuer of Linux market, Red Hat, with a large number of applications, including word processing software go, spreadsheet software gnumeric, calendar program gnomecal, and Photoshop Comparable to graphic image processing software such as GIMP. Now GNOME and KDE have become two competing camps that will make Linux easier to use. 57. How do I play CDs under Linux? After you successfully drive your sound card in a Linux environment, you can play the CD by using a CD player in X-window, which is in the multimedia tool. 58. Can I play VCD under Linux? You can use the MPEGTV Player 1.0 under this Linux VCD player to achieve your wish. Installing Mpegtvplayer does not require a special hardware device and can be used only by running X window. It imitates the video recorder's playback control key, such as: play, fast forward, fast rewind, stop, Freeze, search, volume adjustment, Static sound, volume balance, loop playback, screen amplification, automatic playback and so on. The playback process will displayShows the time and time spent on the entire program. You can download Mpegtv play:http://www.mpegtv.com at the following site. 59. Is there a Linux MP3 play tool? Linux has a lot of MP3 play tools, where mpg123 should be the most classic, it can be used in the console. Many graphical interface mp3 playback software Use this program to play MP3. Here are some of its basic parameters:-A device set the sound device used, preset to/dev/audio or/DEV/DSP
-@ file reads the list of MP3 file names to play from the file file
-Z Random play if you want to simply play one or two songs, or play a whole directory of songs, using mpg123 is a good choice, if the more complex features such as the selection of specific MP3 files in multiple directories, it may need to write a script to execute. 60. How to browse the Web page under Linux? To browse the Web, you need to meet two conditions: 1 your computer is connected to the Internet; 2 use browser software for browsing; there are two common browsers under Linux:
Lynx can be used under the control table;
Netscape's Linux version can be used in X-window, and they are used essentially like browsers in Windows. 61. How to send and receive e-mail in Linux under Linux you can use mail, pine in the console command line to send and receive e-mail, in the X-window can use KMail to collect e-mail. 62. Can I have Linux display Chinese? With the English version of Linux, you can install the Chinese analog terminal chdrv to enable Linux to display in the command line state and Chinese characters. After the Chdrv is started, a virtual terminal is established in Tty7 (with Ctrl+alt+f7), and the user can use it to provide Chinese support when they log on Tty7. To Ftp://ftp.ihep.ac.cn/pub/chinese/system get the compiled chdrvbin-0.23.gb.tar.gz file and font file chdrvfont.tar.gz, and then execute: Tar xvzf chdrvbin-0.23.gb.tar.gz MV chdrvfont.tar.gz CHDRV-0.23.GB/CD chdrv-0.23.gb into this directory./installbin run Setup file 63. Are there any Chinese input methods under Linux? If you are using a Chinese version of Linux, there is no need to install another. If you use the English version of Linux, you can install chinput to achieve Chinese input. You can download the following URL: http://www.turbolinux.com.cn/~justiny/download/chinput-2.1.tar.gz 1 download, unlock the file: Tar-xvzf Chinput-2.1.tar.gz
2 untie, enter CHINPUT-2.1/SRC, modify chinput.c file, find GBK typeface, change it to GB2312. Then look for System ("/usr/bin/zwincontrol &"), the statement, and cancel it (preceded by//);
3) After the modification, execute make command compile;
4 after the compilation is completed, it can be used in the X-window environment. 64. In addition to VI, is there any other text editing software? VI is the most common editing software in the Unix/linux environment, but it is not very friendly. If you are not satisfied with it, you can also try other editing tools such as Emacs, Joe, and so on. I highly recommend Emacs, the masterpiece of the Free Software Fund's father of the FSF, and the first blockbuster of the GNU Project, which is really stallman and worth a try. But the biggest drawback is that it's too complicated. Is there any software like office under 65.Linux? Yes, StarOffice is an office software suite based on Linux, which is a business package that includes software included in MS Office software, such as word processing, spreadsheets, and slide making. A free version is also available for individual users. Users can download to the following sites: http://studio.linux.org.cn. StarOffice Office Suite for Linux is intended for non-commercial users, and a license is required for business users to use StarOffice office. Is there any software like Photoshop under the Ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/staroffice 66.Linux? There, Linux has a very famous graphic processing software-gimp. Its interface is much simpler than Photoshop, and it starts with just one toolbar, which looks like Photoshop. The main menu pops up when you hit the open image with the right mouse button, like channels,layers,brushes ... It has a very similar appearance to Photoshop, and it doesn't take time to get used to it. .... This is not a feature. There are also many advantages over Photoshop: such as the support of the image format is very large, support texture Brush, like painter brush out the shading pattern. Filter also more, such as a call alien map, the RGB three-color sin,cos operation, to achieve special effects, is really fantastic thinking. Undo function is also good, I tried to support at least 5 times undo. What's even more gratifying is the support for the web, which makes it easy to make custom arrows, buttons, background patterns, and more powerful than photoimpact. If you can not do without Photoshop, and can not afford to pay the Adobe Treasurer, and the people who do not want to play the art of the D version, try the GIMP bar! 67. Can I play games under Linux? Now there is a for Linux game, in addition to the famous doom, but also with some like ACM-Air combat simulation games, xdemineur-digging mines, xjewel-Tetris, xboard-chess, xboing-pinball games. And now more and more, for you in the boring learning to add a little fun. 68. Is there a C language under Linux? What about other languages? Under Linux there is a free software fund FSF created by the blockbuster---GCC, it is a powerful compiler, currently called the world's most efficient C/s + + compiler, now widely used in a variety of UNIX environments. Although, there is no C-language integrated development environment, but this does not affect the popularity of GCC, this may be the power of freedom! At the same time, Linux also provides Fortran, Pascal, Perl, COBOL and many other languages support. What database software is available under 69.Linux? There are many kinds of database software available under Linux, including Oracle for Linux, IBM DB2 for Linux, Mysql, mSQL, post, and so on. Five, do Linux administrator: 21 ask 70. How do I check Linux hard drive usage? In a Linux environment, you can use the DF command to view the hard disk usage. Here is a df–t–h (-t parameter: Display file system type, h parameter displays information in a more readable way) Input instance of command: FileSystem Type Size Used avail use% mountedon/dev/hda1 ext2 7.5 G 4.7G 2.5G 65%//dev/hda2 ext2 653M 6.6M 613M 1%/root/dev/hdb1 ext2 7.5G 3.5G 3.7G 49%/usr 71.Linux what are the compression tools? There are many kinds of compression tools in Linux, commonly used:
1 Gzip/gunzip: This is the GNU development of Free software, the use of fairly extensive. The compressed file name extension is. gz. The use method is simple, for example: Gunzip eos.gz gzip/home/test/*.txt 2) Compress/uncompress: This is a long history of the compression program, the file after it compressed, compressed file name extension ". Z ". 3 In addition, there are: Zip/unzip, bzip2/bunzip2 and so on. 72. How do I manage the process? A process is a single execution of a program. You can use "PS–AUXW" to list the details of the process that is currently executing, including the process ID number for each process. You can terminate this process by "Kill process ID number". 73. What does the permission for a file or directory mean? The permission bits of a file or directory are composed of 10 bits, such as-rwxr-xr-x.
1 First representative file/directory type: D represents the directory,-the representative file, L Representative link;
2 The remaining 9 bits are divided into 3 groups, 3 bits per group, 2-4 bits describe the permissions of the owner of the file, 5-7 bits describe the permissions of the same user group as the owner of the file, and 8-10 bits are the permissions of other users.
3) RWX: Each group of 3-bit is: Read permissions, Write permissions, execute permissions, if it is-do not represent this permission. In other words,-rwxr-xr-x said, this is a common document, the owner of the file can read, write, execute this file, and the owner of the same group of users and other users can read, execute this file. 74. What is a user account? In the Linux system, it is through the user account to identify each user, through the login to enter a different user account and password to determine your identity. That is, the Linux system is based on user accounts and all users of the management system. Then you can create a group of users and add users to the group to get the permissions of the user group. 75. Under Linux, how to manage users? If you want to add a user:
1 log in as root, then execute "adduser user account name"
2 Execute "passwd user account name" to set the password for this user account. Execute "Userdel user account" To delete a user, execute "groupadd user group name" to add a user group, perform "Groupdel user group name" to delete a user group; 76. How do I make a disk quota for a user? 1 to set the disk quota partition, modify the/etc/fstab file in the following format:
/dev/hda2/home ext2 Defaults,usrquota 1 2 2 Create an empty file under the partition directory where you want to set disk quotas Quota.user #touch/home/quota.user #chmod 600/home/quota . User 3) When you restart the system, you can set it by using the Edquota–u user name. 77. How do I back up the system? In Linux, you can use the Dump/restore command group to implement system backup and recovery. Suppose you need to completely back up all the files in the/usr directory to the tape drive (assuming the device is RMT8 and different tape drives are not the same), you can use the command: DUMP–O–F/DEV/RMT8/USR where the-o parameter represents the backup of all files, "-F device FileName" parameter specifies where the backup will be, and the last directory name specifies what to back up. Then, you can use the following command to restore: Restore–r–f/dev/rmt8 78. How do I install the. Tar software package? There are two ways to publish Linux software: One is the source code and the other is an executable package. Most of the release packages are archived with tar, then compressed with gzip, resulting in a. tar.gz end of the file. You can use the "tar xvfz filename" to complete the decompression, to solve the tar package work. If you get the executable package, the installation work is over. If you get the source code package, you need to compile it:
1 in the Extract directory Run "./configure" to configure;
2) in the decompression directory run "make" to compile;
3 run "make install" installation. 79. How to install Linux software using RPM? The RPM tools provided by Redhat company make Linux Software installation more convenient. 1) Installation: Rpm–ivh somesoft.rpm
2) Anti-installation: Rpm–e somesoft.rpm
3) Inquiry: Rpm–q somesoft 80. What if you forget the root password? If you forget the root password, you can restore it in the following ways:
1 Restart Linux, appear lilo: When, input linuxsingle into single-user mode;
2 at this time without the password to obtain the root authority;
3) Run passwd again to reset root password. 81. What happens when you destroy Lilo by reloading Windows? This situation can be recovered in two ways: 1 boot with a Linux boot floppy, then perform/sbin/lilo, set up lilo in the boot area, 2, boot with the Linux installation CD, and select Upgrade system, will rebuild Lilo. 82. How do I make a Linux boot disk? Under Linux, there is a tool mkbootdisk can easily make a system boot disk:
1 View the version of the system, you can see through ls/usr/src;
2 Insert an empty floppy disk;
3) Execute "mkbootdisk--verbose 2.2.5". 83. How to use Linux remotely? We can use Telnet, rlogin, rsh, RCP and other commands to achieve remote use of Linux, but these methods in the transmission process is plaintext transmission, so it is possible to bring many unsafe factors. Therefore, you should try to avoid remotely using the root account to log on to the system. How do I build a secure remote login? Use SSH for secure remote logins, because SSH enables the encryption of data transfers.
1 obtain ssh-1.26.tar.gz documents from FTP.CS.HTU.FI/PUB/SSH;
2 Use tar xvpf ssh-1.26.tar.gz to untie this bag;
3) to the unlocked directory/usr/local/src/ssh-1.26 directory execution./configure;
4 Execute make and install to complete the compilation and installation.
5 You can use SSH to establish a secure remote connection with the server that has SSH installed. 85. How do I run a scheduled task? It's possible to be familiar with the scheduling tasks in Windows, which can be done on a regular basis with some simple settings. In the maintenance of Linux systems, we may also need to perform a number of tasks on a regular basis, which can be used: 1 the AT command: it can read the instruction in the keyboard or file, and then execute at the specified time; 2 crontab The waiting process: Perform certain tasks at timed intervals by setting its configuration file. What did the 86.Linux boot process do? 1 A boot, the CPU will control to Bios,bios completed post;
2 The BIOS then reads the first sector on the disk and loads the Lilo in the main boot sector;
3 Lilo Select a different kernel image according to the input, if you choose Linux to read the core image under/boot;
4 core Start hardware detection and device driver initialization, and then run Init
5 The INIT process runs a series of initialization scripts according to the/etc/inittab configuration;
6 after completion, start the Getty process to accept the user's login. 87. How to set up the automatic running program? You can add the following script file to the command you want to execute as soon as you start the system:/ETC/RC.LOCAL/ETC/RC.SYSINIT/ETC/RC.D/INIT.D. 88. Why do I need to recompile the kernel? You will need to recompile the kernel or join the dynamic kernel module in the following situations:
1 Update the driver;
2 according to their own needs to customize the most reliable kernel;
3 Upgrade the Linux kernel. 89. How do I recompile the kernel? 1 Enter the Linux source code directory: Cd/usr/src/linux
2 Execute "make config" or "Make Menuconfig", "Make xconfig" Configure kernel option, select the module you want, remove unwanted modules;
3 Execute the "make zimage" command, about 30-90 minutes later, will generate a zimage new kernel image file, stored in the/usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot directory;
4) and then copy it to the/boot directory;
5) Modify lilo.conf file and add:
The Image=/boot/zimage Label=newlinux root=/dev/hda1 (based on the original file) runs/sbin/lilo to make the modifications take effect.
6 reboot, when the Lilo, input Newlinux can start the new kernel. 90. What is a dynamic kernel module? Dynamic kernel module is a successful design of Linux, which makes Linux more flexible and easy to customize. In fact, the dynamic kernel module is a kernel module, which can dynamically add some functions to the kernel with the "Insmod module name" command without recompiling the kernel, and move it out of the kernel with the "Rmmod module name" command. Vi. Cheap Network Solutions---linux:9 91. How do I use Linux to set up a Web server? The Apache server is the first choice to set up a Web server in Linux. You can choose to install Linux when you install it. If you do not have Apache installed, you can find the file from the CD or to the Apache Web site: apache-1.3.12.i386.rpm, and then execute the following command to complete the installation:
1) RPM–IVH apache-1.3.12.i386.rpm
2 Modify the/etc/httpd/conf directory of the configuration file httpd.conf, access.conf, etc.;
3 Place the homepage file in the/home/httpd/html directory;
4 Execute "/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start" to start the Apache server
If you need to shut down, you can execute the/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd Stop command. 92. How to use Linux to set up an FTP server? In Linux, the most common FTP service software is a few wu-ftpd, if it is not installed when Linux is installed. You can get its RPM package from CD-ROM or website rpmfind.net/linux/rpm/wbyname.html: wu-ftpd-2.6.0-9.i386.rpm. Then perform the following command to complete the installation: RPM-IVH wu-ftpd-2.6.0-9.i386.rpm Edit the "/etc/inetd.conf" file to point to the new FTPD daemon, as follows: FTP stream TCP nowait ROOT/USR /SBIN/TCPD In.ftpd-l A so far, your Linux will be able to accept the FTP service. 93. How to use Linux to set up e-mail server? Linux, the most common e-mail server is SendMail, you can install Linux when you select it. 1 To do an MX record for the e-mail server on the DNS server;
2 Edit the/etc/inetd.conf file to remove the comment on the pop and SMTP lines;
3 Execute kill–hup inetd to make the modification effective; so that users of the e-mail server can send and receive mail via client programs such as Outlook. 94. How to use Linux to set up news server? When installing Linux, select the inn package and allow Innd to start when the computer is powered on. When completing the installation of the system, most of the configuration work has been done without compiling the source code. 1) Configure/etc/news/inn.conf:
Domain:foo.com Organization:foo Company news site Server:localhost According to the actual situation fill in;
2) Configure/etc/news/nnrp.access nnrp.access is used to complete the news readers service waiting process NNRPD configuration file to control access to the site, modify this file without starting innd.
3) Add Newsgroups:
You can edit/var/lib/news/active files by hand to add newsgroups, or you can use the ctlinnd command to increase them. If the newsgroup is modified manually, the following command is required to make it effective:
Ctlinnd Reload Active "Modify active" 95. How to use Linux to erect BBS? 1 from ftp://pbbs.chpi.edu.tw/pub/pbbs/source download Powerbbs source code release package file pbbs.tar.gz;
2 Execute tar zxvf pbbs.tar.gz unpack the file;
3) into the PBBs directory, running install;
4 Change the default settings according to the specific requirements. 96. How do I make Linux a file server? In Linux, you can use Samba to do the file server, you can install Linux when the samba can be selected to complete the installation. 1 edit/etc/smb.conf, modify configuration:
NetBIOS name=linux workgroup=sambaserver Server String=samba server hosts allow=192.168.9. 127. Securoty=share interfaces=192.168.9.1/24 Name resolve order=host DNS Bcast wins Support=no 2) Restart the SMB server:/etc/rc.d/ INIT.D/SMB restart
3 Edit the Hosts file of the client and add the parsing of the samba server;
4 finally you can see it in the Internet neighborhood. 97. How to use Linux to set up a proxy server? 1 to Http://squid.nlanr.net/Squid/download squid proxy server Software squid-2.2.stable3-src.tar.gz;
2) Perform tar xzxf squid-2.2.stable3-src.tar.gz
3) implementation./configure
4) Perform make,make install installation to/usr/local/squid directory;
5) Edit/usr/local/squid/squid.conf file and add:
ACL allowed_hosts src 192.168.9.0/255.255.255.0 Note: Suppose your intranet IP address is 192.168.9.0;
6) Perform/usr/local/squid/bin/squid–z initialization
7) Perform/usr/local/squid/bin/squid open service
8 on the client set proxy server IP and port 3128, you can access the Internet. 98. How to use Linux to set up a transparent gateway? Verify that the Linux kernel already supports Ipchain, and then write a script ipchains.rule: note: Assume that the extranet address of the transparent gateway server is: 1.2.3.4, already connected to the Internet, and the intranet address is 192.168.9.1, connected to the intranet. #!/bin/sh/sbin/ipchains-f forward/sbin/ipchains-f input/sbin/ipchains-f output/sbin/ipchains-p forward deny/sbin/ Ipchains-p input accept/sbin/ipchains-p output ACCEPT external_interface=1.2.3.4/sbin/ipchains-a input-j accept-i L O/sbin/ipchains-a output-j accept-i lo/sbin/ipchains-a input-j deny-i eth1-s 192.168.9.0/24/sbin/ipchains-a INP Ut-j deny-i eth1-d 192.168.9.0/24/sbin/ipchains-a output-j deny-i-eth1-s output- J Deny-i eth1-d 192.168.9.0/24/sbin/ipchains-a input-j deny-i eth1-s $external _interface/32/sbin/ipchains-a input -j deny-i eth1-s $external _interface/32/sbin/ipchains-a output-j deny-i eth1-d $external _interface/32/sbin/ipchai Ns-a forward-j accept-i eth0-s 192.168.9.0/24-d 192.168.9.0/24/sbin/modprobe ip_masq_ftp/Sbin/modprobe ip_masq_quake/sbin/modprobe ip_masq_irc/sbin/modprobe ip_masq_user/sbin/modprobe ip_masq_raudio/sbin /ipchains-a forward-j masq-i eth1-s 192.168.9.0/24 Run this script, all the machines in the 192.168.9.0 network can connect to the Internet simply by setting the gateway to 192.168.9.1. What other servers can Linux build? Linux can also be a domain name server, PPP server, CVS server, router, firewall, but also through the LVS solution can also build server cluster system. Because this space is limited, only to the point, if interested can refer to professional Linux books.