Linux99 q (top) _unix Linux

On the first, straight hit Linux:12 asked 1. What is Linux? Linux is an exotic operating system that is born on the web, growing up on the web, and ripe for networking. In the 1991, Finnish college student Linus Torvalds The idea of developing a free UNIX operating system, when Linux was born, in order not to let this fledgling operating system, Linus will publish its own work Linux through the Internet. Since then, a large number of well-known, unknown computer hackers, programmers to join the development process, Linux gradually grew up. Linux started out by requiring all the source code to be publicly available, and no one could profit from the Linux deal. However, the ideal of pure free software is detrimental to the popularity and development of Linux, so Linux starts to turn to the GPL and become a major member of the GNU camp. Now, with the excellent design, the extraordinary performance, coupled with the strong support of IBM, INTEL, CA, CORE, Oracle and other international well-known enterprises, the market share gradually expanded, gradually become one of the mainstream operating systems. 2. What is free software? Since 1984, MIT has been supporting the "world's last Hacker" Richard Stallman to launch the free software movement in the software development community, thus creating the Free Software Foundation FSF, the GPL and the GNU Project, opening the preface to the Free Software revolution. The GPL, the general Public License agreement, is antithetical to the traditional commercial software license agreement, and is dubbed copyleft. The GPL guarantees that anyone has the freedom to share and modify free software. Anyone has the right to acquire, modify and redistribute the source code of the free software, and to provide the source code of the free software without adding additional charges. It also stipulates that the derivative works of free software must be issued under the GPL as its republishing license agreement. The GNU project aims to create a freely available, portable Unix-like operating system. 3. What are the advantages of Linux technically? 1 provides advanced network support: Built-in TCP/IP protocol;
2 The real sense of multitasking, multi-user operating system;
3 compatible with UNIX system at source level, compliant with IEEE POSIX standards;
4) The core can simulate the FPU;
5 support Dozens of kinds of file system format;
6 full operation in the protection mode, make full use of CPU performance;
7 Open source code, users can improve their system;
8 The use of advanced memory management mechanism, more effective utilization of physical memory; 4. Do I need to learn Linux? Computer Beginners: It is strongly recommended that you stay away from the configuration, management are quite cumbersome Linux, to embrace windows that easy to understand the graphical interface; Word Processor: the development of windows for many years, has developed a set of "WYSIWYG" word processing software, it is not necessary and black background of the VI rivalry; Programming Enthusiasts: Linux source code is completely open, is the gospel of programming enthusiasts. Is it not your wish to dissect the kernel? How about, try it! Network administrator: Embrace Linux. According to the authority evaluation, Linux in the same Configuration machine Network Service efficiency is NT 1.8 times times, and still free, the boss will certainly laugh. In short, if you have one of the following conditions, embrace Linux:
1 to programming have crazy love, always like to use the program to solve the problem;
2 has a strong spirit of research, like to explore the problem;
3 The people who are interested in constructing the network server;
4 Your PC is old fashioned, running Windows like a snail;
5 want to learn and understand the UNIX operating system;
6 extremely disgusted with Windows blue screen crash;
7 people who don't want to spend money and want to use genuine software. Will 5.Linux replace Windows 9x? Computer in the application can be divided into desktop applications (workstation/client) and server applications, desktop applications directly to customers, to achieve a number of personalized work; The server application is some background processing system, to achieve some common service work. For desktop applications, ease of use is very important, and for the server, the performance of reliable, stable is more important. So a reliable, stable UNIX operating system designed for the server and a user-friendly Windows 9x system designed for desktop systems have long been the dominant operating system. Linux operating system is a UNIX-like operating system, its design of stability considerations than ease of use, it is not a desktop system, it is not to replace the desktop system appears. So Linux does not replace Windows 9x. 6.Linux and windowsnt who better? WindowsNT Operating system is a tool for Microsoft to enter the server operating system, the design of the system in meeting the requirements of the server under the premise of integration into the Windows 9x graphical interface advantages, making it easy to use, by users like, the market share has also risen steadily. However, the cost of the graphical interface, so that the efficiency of the system has been reduced, so it is suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises, individual users, the performance requirements are not strictly optional occasions. Linux, however, is suitable for applications that emphasize performance metrics and require little user interface. What is the difference between 7.Linux and UNIX? Linux is also a member of the Unix family, and it has many features that are the same as UNIX, and the biggest difference between them is the following two points:
1 Unix systems are mostly matched with hardware, while Linux can be run on a variety of hardware platforms;
2 UNIX is commercial software, and Linux is free software, free, open source code. 8.Linux can be used in what areas? 1 The Education field: Design advanced, open source code These two big characteristics make Linux become the handled of the operating system class;
2 network server domain: Stable, robust, low system requirements, strong network function makes Linux become the first choice of Internet server operating system, now has reached 25% of the share;
3 Intranet: You can set up e-mail server, WWW server, proxy server, transparent gateway and router with low input;
4 Video Production field: The famous "Titanic" is a collaboration between more than 200 Linux to complete the special effects of the effect. 9.Linux operating system development status and future how? At the LinuxWorld conference in 2000, it became clear that support for free operating systems was greatly enhanced, particularly by the addition of many hardware vendors, such as IBM, HP and Dell, to the Linux sector, which greatly facilitated the development of such an operating system. Although, now a variety of complex Linux distributions, each for the array, reducing the overall fighting power of Linux. But the industry believes that different distributions will eventually produce a fragmented market, with each version focusing on more professional things. Linux operating system after the baptism of the market, will certainly create greater brilliance. What impact does 10.Linux have on the software industry? First, the program is the crystallization of the programmer's thinking, is the common culture of mankind. Later, Microsoft's founder, Bill Gates, created a whole new software industry model: programs are paid for, and the source program is the intellectual property of programmers, and needs to be protected. The software business model created the Microsoft Empire and also pushed Bill to the top of the world's richest place. If Microsoft's Windows has made a big contribution to the world, it will also bring monopoly and stink to the development of the software industry. The Free software FSF organization is trying to break this pattern through the GNU project, once again allowing everyone to share the crystallization----source code of the programmer's ideas. and Linux to join, making free software organizations more fighting, it turns out, it does have a far-reaching impact on the current software industry. At the same time, the unique development of Linux has provided valuable experience for the innovation of software industry. 11. How do I learn Linux? 1 Read more Linux books, such as "Linux Encyclopedia", "RedHat Linux Mystery", "Linux System Management white paper" and so on;
2 Dare to try, often use Linux, learn Linux from the practice, do not be afraid of "try again";
3 often through the network and Linux enthusiasts to communicate with each other, improve themselves. 12. What Linux resources are available online? On the Internet, there are a lot of Linux sites, among which the more excellent Chinese websites are:
1) www.linuxaid.com.cn: With Linux forum, online FAQ, Knowledge Base, online training, solutions and other columns;
2) Www.linuxforum.net: This should be the most popular Linux forum;
3) Www.lslnet.com/linux: is a newer and faster Linux topic website;
4) Www.linuxbyte.com: is a better Linux website;
5) www.clinuxdevelop.org: China Linux Development Alliance;
6) Clyan.hongnet.com:linux database application Guide.
Second, Linux Grand Grand: 7 Q 13.RedHat linux 6.5 and Linux 2.4 which version is high? Recently, many newspapers and websites have introduced the latest version of Linux 2.4 how, how? And many Linux beginners are using the Redhat Linux version 6.5. Which version is higher? In fact, these two version numbers are different! RedHat Linux is the Linux kernel and Linux, some of the common software, application software bundled with the distribution, 6.5 is the release version number. and Linux 2.4 refers to the Linux kernel version. The Linux core is maintained by Linus, and its version number typically consists of two to three parts, such as the most stable 2.2.15:
1 The first 2 is the major version number, generally in a period of relatively stable;
2 The second 2 is the minor version number, if it is even, the representative is the official version, if it is odd, the representative is the development process of the beta, such as when the 2.4 officially out, 2.3.x is the version of the beta version used between developers;
3 The last 15 is the modification number, such as 2.2.15 is to 2.2.14 made some minor changes. This particular version-naming method is designed to facilitate common development on the Internet. What are the 14.Linux distributions? Linux distribution is a package of Linux core and application software. More well-known are: SlackWare, RedHat, Debain, Mandrake, SuSE, Xlinux, Turbolinux, Bluepoint, Redflag, xterm and so on. What are the features of 15.RedHat Linux? RedHat Linux is the most mature Linux distribution, both in sales and installed capacity is the boss of the market. Almost all of China's older generation of Linux enthusiasts are Redhat users. There are a lot of articles on the market for Redhat. RedHat Linux is simple, concise and stable, is a good platform for business applications, delving into Linux. What are the characteristics of 16.TurboLinux? Turbolinux is an American company-built release, early in its effort to Internationalize Linux, its Chinese version, the earliest mature Chinese Linux distribution. Turbolinux focus on specific applications, the development of a distribution for different applications, in the international influence of the growing, is a major competitor Redhat. 17.BluePoint, Xterm, redflag Three kinds of Chinese Linux who good? Bludepoint Linux is a masterpiece by Devin, Samuel, and Hahalee three Chinese kernel hackers working together through the Internet, and is well received by Chinese Linux enthusiasts on the Internet. Its main features are: kernel-level Chinese, there are many of their own things. Xterm is a Linux distribution made by the Beijing Surfing Company, which is the earliest Linux distribution in China. Its biggest characteristic is: The user interface is good, enters the threshold low, is suitable for the beginner Linux person probation. Redflag is a joint development of CAS, founder and Compaq, and is based on the Redhat Linux improvement in Chinese. It is characterized by: the development of strong, more authoritative, you can try. 18. Which version of Linux is right for me? Relatively speaking, SlackWare, RedHat, debain these three kinds of distributions are more suitable for some have a certain basis, or emphasize the performance, stability of the people. I strongly recommend the use of Redhat. Turbolinux, Bluepoint, Redflag, Mandrake are friendlier and more stable in the user interface than the first three, with Turbo, Bulepoint, and Redflag also built inChinese support, it should be the best choice for people who just transferred from Windows to Linux. And such as Xterm, Lenovo happy, such as the user interface is more excellent, built-in Chinese support, bundled more games, Office software, more suitable for Linux users or beginners to use. All these are my views, with the change of time, the above evaluation will be biased, for reference only. 19. How do I get Linux? You can get Linux in the following ways:
1 download from the website, such as www.redhat.com, freesoft.cei.gov.cn, etc.;
2 Purchase Linux distribution CD-ROM;
3 Copy Linux distribution CD-ROM, this method is legal in the GPL!!

Third, into the Linux temple: 35 ask 20. What are the hardware requirements for installing Linux? Linux is very low on hardware and can run on IBM PCs with more than 386 cpu,8m memory. However, due to the lack of support from equipment manufacturers, Linux is not very good for many new devices, the new device driver is always a slow step. 21. What do I need to do to install Linux? 1 Collect system data: Record memory size, CDROM interface type, SCSI card model, network card model, mouse type, graphics chipset, clock chip, memory size and other related information;
2 Check the CMOS settings, turn off virus development, set it to boot from the CD drive;
3 If your Linux installation disk can not start, you need to create a startup disk;
4 for Linux installation free hard disk space, preferably around 1G. 22. What is the basic knowledge to install Linux before? When installing Linux, you need at least two partitions: Linux native primary partition, Linux swap swap partition. Primary partitions are used to store Linux files, and swap partitions provide virtual memory for running Linux. Swap area Each 8-256m, can have up to 8, generally build a and memory and so large on the line. DOS, regardless of physical, logical, each partition is a separate part, such as: C disk, D disk, e disk, each disk has a root directory. In Linux, it is physically partitioned, and logically all partitions are a whole, and there is only one root directory in Linux. 23.Linux How do I name my hard drive? Linux on the hard disk processing, and the DOS system is basically the same, first do the partition, and then do the format. Zoning commands are different, DOS, each partition is expressed in an English letter, and Linux is more flexible, it through the combination of letters and numbers to identify the hard disk partition. such as "HDA1", HD is a part that represents the IDE hard drive, if it is a SCSI hard drive, the sa;a represents the IDE1 port of the main hard drive (2 represents the IDE1 port from the hard drive, 3 represents the IDE2 port main hard drive, 4 represents the IDE2 port from the hard disk); The first four partitions (primary and extended) are represented in 1-4, and soft logical partitions start at 5. 24. How do I install Linux? Each Linux distribution has a very different installation approach, but it typically goes through the following phases:
1 Some basic settings: such as installation language, keyboard;
2 hard disk partition, format: General distribution has provided a graphical interface, if not familiar with the hard disk partition enthusiasts best under the guidance of experts;
3 Select the software package to install: It is recommended to install all the beginners, after the familiar after the customization, lest in the learning process lost this fall;
4 Equipment configuration: such as printers, network cards, graphics, etc., please choose according to the actual situation;
5 Install Lilo: Recommended installed in the main guide fan, using LILO to complete multiple system boot;
6 Set the password for the superuser root of Linux. You can refer to each type of Linux information to try to install. 25. How to install multiple operating systems on a hard drive? Many Linux enthusiasts want to be able to install Linux while retaining the Windows9x operating system. To be able to automate multiple operating systems, a boot manager is needed, and Linux has a good boot manager---lilo. So when you install more than one operating system, you only need to install other operating systems, install Linux, and install Lilo on the main boot fan so that when you restart the system, you will have Lilo: Waiting for you to select the operating system you want to start. 26. How do I configure the Linux boot manager lilo? Modify the/etc/lilo.conf file as needed, and then perform the/sbin/lilo for the settings to take effect. The following is an example of a lilo.conf file: Boot=/dev/hda map=/boot/map install=/boot/boot.b prompt timeout=50 Default=linux Vmlinuz-2.2.5-15 label=linux root=/dev/hda1 initrd=/boot/initrd-2.2.5-15.img read-only other=/dev/hda2 Where timeout is used to set the time for Lilo to wait for input, which means that if 5 seconds are not selected, the default option is used to specify which system is to be started by defaults; The image section specifies the startup information for Linux, including the startup location. The name--linux Other section is used to specify startup information for other operating systems, including the start location, name. 27. How to start and shut down the system? Start Linux is very simple, as long as the choice of Linux in Lilo (Input Linux) on it, in the boot process, will write a lot of information to the console, until the user login prompt login:, enter the user name and password can be logged into the system, start the exploration of the Linux world. When you shut down, you must be aware that you can not turn off the computer power directly, which will destroy the Linux file system, you can use the following command to achieve:
1) Reboot: Execute reboot command or press Ctrl+alt+del key at the same time;
2 shutdown System: Execute shutdown–h now command. What is the difference between directory operations under 28.Linux and Dos/windows? Linux's file system is similar to DOS, but it also uses a tree-shaped structure. But the representation of a directory is completely different, Linux uses "/" to represent the root directory, and DOS uses "" to represent the root directory. The following are common directory operation commands under Linux:
1 "mkdir directory Name": Set up a catalogue;
2 "RmDir directory name": Delete empty directory;
3 "CD directory Name": Change directory;
Note: There must be a space between the CD and the directory name, such as to the root directory, need "CD/", not "cd/"
4 "pwd": View your own directory; 29. How do I operate a file on Linux? You can use the LS-L command to list the details of the directory, which is equivalent to the dos dir command. The output of the LS command is as follows: Total 2 drwxr-xr-x 2 Xu user 1024 Mar 0:34 sub1-rw-r-----L XU User 678 June 1:45 hodo.txt The leftmost column is a file/directory right The 3rd column is the main information, the 4th column is the owner's user group, the 5th column is the size of the space, then the date, time, and the last column is the file/directory name. Here are some common file operation commands:
RM: Delete Files more: Browse files CP: Copy file 30. How do I edit a text file? You can use VI to edit a file file, which is the most popular word processing tool in the UNIX world, with this editor on almost every UNIX machine.
1 Launch VI: Execute "VI filename", a start VI in the command state, you can enter a variety of VI commands, cannot edit;
2) Save: W, Save the exit: Wq, do not save the exit: q!;
3 Enter Edit Status: insert: I, add: A;
4 Exit Edit Status: Press Esc key;
5 after entering the editing state, editing is much like the DOS edit;
6 There are also some commonly used commands in the command state:
x deletes the character of the cursor, and the DD deletes the column in which the cursor resides. 31. After installing Linux, the root directory is a lot of what? /bin: Store The most commonly used commands;/boot: Start Linux core files;/dev: Device files;/etc: Storage of various configuration files;/lib: The most basic dynamic link shared library of the system;/mnt: generally empty, used to temporarily mount other file systems /proc: Virtual directory, memory mapping;/sbin: System administrator commands to store directory;/usr: largest directory, save applications and files;/usr/x11r6:x-window directory;/usr/src:linux source code;/usr/ Include: System header file;/usr/lib: Store common dynamic link shared libraries, static archives;/usr/bin,/usr/sbin: This is a supplement to/bin,/sbin; 32. How do I install the network card? You can use root to log in and run netconf to install the NIC. Enter the device name of the NIC, select the module number of the network card, IO address, IRQ interrupt, and so on, and then save and exit, execute:/etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart; If your network card is not listed in the optional Network card module list, you will need to download the driver. It is then compiled into a module. Finally, complete the installation with the "Insmod module name" command. 33. How to drive D-link DE220 network card? D-link's DE220 is a cost-effective, plug-and-play ISA network card. But it's because Plug and Play makes it difficult to install it under Linux:
1 in a DOS environment, use a tool in the driver disk of the DE220 network card to set it to non-PNP;
2 to Windows Control Panel to obtain its IO address and interrupt number, in general, IO address is 240, interrupt number is 10;
3 Start Linux, login after the implementation of "netconf", the first network card set to enable, the device name is eth0, the module for the Ne,io address for 0X240,IRQ 10;
4 Save the exit, run/etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart can be. 34. How to drive the D-link DFE530 TX network card? D-link 530 TX Network card is a cost-effective 10m/100m Adaptive PCI network card, with a broad user base, and then Linux in the Installation Wizard is not listed in the list. In fact, the General Linux has included the driver of this network card module: TULIP.O, you can directly execute the "Insmod Tulip" to complete the installation of the network card. 35. How to drive the D-link DFE540 TX network card? If your network card is D-link DFE540 TX, do not select the NIC when installing, otherwise it may cause some unnecessary trouble.
1 Download the latest TULIP.C files from http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/tulip.html and copy them to/usr/src/tulip;
2 Execute the following command to compile the build TULIP.O:
#cd/usr/src/tulip #gcc-dmodversions-dmodule-d__kernel__-wall-wstrict-prototypes-o6-c tulip.c 3) to execute Insmod TULIP.O;
4 Execute/etc/rc.d/init.d/network Restart, make the NIC effective.
36. How to drive the davicom 9201 network card? Davicom 9201 PCI NIC cannot be done directly when installing Linux. In fact, most Linux distributions provide the driver module of this network card---dmfe.o, if your machine is the same card, you can install Linux when the network card configuration, install the boot system, login, execution: "insmod dmfe" command to add the driver module, Then execute "/etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart" on it. 37. How to drive the second network card? In the Linux system, you can easily use the Configuration tool netconf install the second network card, select the second network card in the netconf, device name: eth1, select its driver module, input IO address and IRQ interrupt number, after the disk exit, execute:
/etc/rc.d/init.d/network Restart 38. How to drive a common sound card? In the Linux system provides a very convenient sound card configuration tool sndconfig, if your sound card is more popular, you can use it to drive your sound card:
1 logging system with root, running/usr/sbin/sndconfig;
2 from the sound card selection list to choose the right sound card, the general sound card can use SoundBlaster;
3 after the election, Sndconfig need you to set up your sound card IO address and IRQ interrupt number, according to your actual choice;
4 The setting is done by pressing the OK button, if you hear the sound of Linus speaking. 39. How to drive YAMAHA719 sound card? Yamaha719 sound card driver under Linux is very troublesome:
1 recompile core, do not choose SB or SB Pro and the like sound card, select Crystal SOFTWARE ... of chips;
2) Then, reconfigure the sound card, select the CS4XXX option;
3) and then fill in the corresponding I/O address, IRQ Interrupt, DMA can be.
If your sound card is Yamaha 724, please use the OSS to solve it. 40. Common sound card Installer How is OSS used? OSS is a solution to the Linux sound card difficult to configure the problem of commercial software, it supports most of the Linux distribution, you can go to the http://www.opensound.com/download.
1 Extract the downloaded OSS package osslinux392v-glibc-2212-up.tar.gz:
Tar zxvf osslinux392v-glibc-2212-up.tar.gz 2) is executed in the unlocked directory./oss-install, the program will usually prompt you to have installed other sound card module, choose to remove;
3 Next is the process, protocol and a lot of things, accept the protocol installation, using the default installation path can be (/usr/lib/oss);
4 OSS can generally detect most of the sound card, if the actual situation with you, directly in the menu select "Save changes and Exit ..." to complete the setup;
5 You can use the/usr/lib/oss/soundon command to turn on the OSS driver and use/usr/lib/osssoundoff to turn off the OSS driver. 41. Common Sound card installation program Alsa How to use? alsa,advanced Linux Sound Architecture is a general-purpose PCI sound card solution software that complies with GPL copyright. This software includes RPM and tar two formats, where the RPM format is relatively easy to install, and here is an example of the RPM package.
1 Download the following four files to http://www.alsa-project.org:
alsa-driver-0.4.1d-1.i386.rpm alsa-lib-0.4.1d-1.i386.rpm alsa-utils-0.4.1-1.i386.rpm alsaconf-0.4.1-1.386.rpm 2) Perform the following command to complete the installation:
RPM–IVH alsa-driver-0.4.1d-1.i386.rpm RPM–IVH alsa-lib-0.4.1d-1.i386.rpm rpm–ivh alsa-utils-0.4.1-1.i386.rpm ALSACONF-0.4.1-1.386.RPM 3) then executes the alsaconf command and chooses the appropriate sound card type;
4 Reboot the system, and then execute the command:/usr/doc/alsa-driver/snddvices 42.Linux How to install the modem? 1 in Windows to see where your modem is located on the port;
2 in Linux through direct interaction with the port to use the modem, the corresponding relationship is as follows:
Com1:/dev/cau0 com2:/dev/cau1 COM3:/DEV/CAU2 COM4:/DEV/CAU3 3) sets the maximum speed of the modem:
#setserial/dev/cau1 Spd.hi (maximum rate set to 57600bps) #setserial/dev/cau1 Spd.vhi (highest rate set to 115200bps) 43. If you dial the Internet via modem? 1 Execute command LN/DEV/MODEM/DEV/CAU1 (according to the actual situation)
2 Create a script: Touch SW, join:
/USR/SBIN/PPPD connect′/usr/sbin/chat″″atdt163 connect″″ogin:username word:password′/dev/modem 38400 Modem defaul Trout will username and password with your Internet account and password.
3 You can also use the KPPP tools in KDE for easy implementation. Is there a graphical interface under 44.Linux? To perfect the graphical interface of the UNIX system, MIT started a X-window development program in 1984, and through more than 10 years of development, X-window this free software has become the de facto standard of the Unix/linux World graphical interface. X-window is divided into three levels:
1 X-window Bottom base, is the lowest implementation layer;
2) X-server, the middle layer associated with the graphics card;
3 window manager, to achieve the end user interface, such as KDE, GNOME and so on. 45. How to configure X-window? The so-called configuration X-window is based on the actual equipment of the machine selection x-server. Can be configured by xf86config or graphical interface xconfigure programs.
1 run xconfigure program, and then select the appropriate type of graphics card, if not, you need to download the driver of the video card;
2 Select memory size, and x-server;
3 Select the appropriate resolution, color depth combination
4 after the disk exit, run StartX start X-window. 46. How do I drive Intel i740 graphics? If your Linux doesn't recognize i740, you can do this:
1 Download the new graphics database and i740 XBF driver: xf86config-glibc-1.0.0.i386.tgz and Xfcomi740.tgz
2 Extract the two packages, overwriting the original directory:
Tar xvfz/tmp/xf86config*.tgz tar xvfz/tmp/xfcomi740.tgz 3) perform cp/usr/x11r6/bin/xfcom_i740/usr/x11r6/bin/xf86_xbf_ i740;
4) Configure with Xf86config: Monitor horizontal scan frequency 6, vertical refresh frequency 2, select 311 (i.e. i740) when the Cacu selection is selected, and graphics server type 5;
5 After the configuration is complete, run STARTX.
47. How do I drive Intel i810 graphics? Intel Company's two big graphics cards i740, i810 all to the Linux fan driver to bring the very small trouble, the Intel company in order to support the Linux with the actual action, specifically on the website detailed how to configure the i810 video card in the Linux, You can download the installation instructions and software at the following URL: Http://support.intel.com/support/graphics/intel810/linuxinstal.htm 48. How to drive the Savage4 video card? 1) to www.linhardware.com download the savage2000 driver;
2 use TAR–XVFZ filename to unlock the driver;
3 after decompression, you can see five files, one of which is XF86_SVGA;
4) Backup/USR/X11R6/BIN/XF86_SVGA, and then copy the new XF86_SVGA to this directory, replace the file;
5) Rerun Xf86config configuration, do not select the video card, when selecting X-server, select 3 (that is, SVGA), and do not detect;
6 after the completion of the Operation STARTX–BPP32, it can be. 49. How to drive Savage3d video card? 1) to Ftp.lib.pku.edu.cn/incoming/savagex download Savage3d graphics driver: SavageX_0_1_4.tar.gz;
2 Extract the program, replace the original file with the new XF86_SVGA/usr/x11r6/bin;
3) Run Xconfigurator, configure the video card to choose unlisted cards, and then select Xserver for SVGA;
4 after completion, run STARTX run X-win. 50. Is there a universal graphics drive method? Because of the limited support of graphics card manufacturers, driving the graphics card under Linux has always been a problem. To solve this problem, the Linux 2.2.x version offers a new solution---Use the frame buffer device, through the VESA VBE 2.0 standard, using the graphics SVGA features, with XFree86 Xf86_fbdev, drive your graphics card. This can do you a favor.
1 Confirm you have Xf86_fbdev file, if not to download from ftp.xfree86.org;
2) The implementation of "Mknod/dev/fb0 C 29 0" to establish a frame buffer equipment;
3) Modify/etc/lilo.conf file and add:
Image =/BOOT/VMLINUZ-2.2.5-FB (newly translated kernel) label = LINUXFB (Start label, customizable) root =/dev/hda2 (reference lilo.conf other part) VGA = 0x314 (display mode, reference The following table) attached: Display mode table 640x480 800x600 1024x768 1280x1024 256-color 0x301 0x303 0x305 0x307 32k color 0x310 0x313 0x316 0x319 64k 0x311 0x314 0x317 0x31a 16M 0x312 0x315 0x318 0x31b 4) Executes the/sbin/lilo, makes the configuration effective, and then reboots the system to boot the system with the new kernel. Of course, if your kernel is already supported, there is no need to make this change, just add the vga= line.
5 followed by the configuration of frame buffer server: Refer to the VGA configuration in/etc/x11/xf86config, add a screen section, as follows:
Section "screen" Driver "Fbdev" Device "I video card" Monitor "MAG xj500t" subsection "Display" Depth 16 (color depth, must be colored with the previous display mode selected Deep consistency) Modes "default" ViewPort 0 0 endsubsection endsection 6) points x to Xf6_fbdev:
cd/etc/x11 mv x x.bat Ln-snf/usr/x11r6/bin/xf86_fbdev x 51. How to surf the Internet via ISDN? ISDN is becoming more and more popular, it is fast, cheap and popular with netizens, so how to use ISDN to access the Internet under Linux?
1 confirm that your Linux kernel already contains a support module for ISDN;
2) Drive ISDN card:
For Teles 16.3 ISDN cards that are not Plug and Play, you can use the command:
#modeprobe hisax io=0x180 irq=10 type=3 protocol=2
For plug-and-play, use:
#pnpdump〉/etc/isdn.con #isapnp/etc/isdn.conf #modprobe hisax irq=10 io=0x680 type=14 protocol=2 id=isdn0 3) installation Isdn4linux , and then execute the "makedev.sh" script in the Scripts directory and add ISDN devices;
4 Execute echo 1〉/PROC/SYS/NET/IPV4/IP_DYNADDR command to support dynamic IP;
5 then write an ISDN script based on the PPP script. 52. How to use the optical drive under Linux? 1 Create a directory to suspend the CD directory tree:
Mkdir/mnt/cdrom
Of course the directory name can be named according to your own custom;
2 Insert CD, execute "mount–t iso9660/dev/hdc/mnt/floppy" command; note that if your optical drive is connected to the first hard drive line from the disk, you need to change the/DEV/HDC to/dev/hdb;
3 then you can access the disc by accessing the/mnt/cdrom;
4 When you do not use, perform "Umount/mnt/cdrom", and then remove the disc. 53. How to use the floppy drive under Linux? 1) similar to CD-ROM, create floppy directory;
2) After inserting the floppy disk, execute the "mount–t msdos/dev/fd0/mnt/floppy" command, note: If the floppy disk is a long file name format, the previous command in the "Msdos" changed to "VFAT", if the Linux file format, then remove "-t msdos";
3 When you do not use, perform "Umount/mnt/floppy", and then remove the floppy disk. 54. How do I read the contents of non-Linux partitions under Linux? 1 Create a directory: Mkdir/mnt/other
2) Execute "mount–t file system type partition/mnt/other" command;
Note: File system types include: Modos-fat16, Vfat-fat32, Ntfs-ntfs;
The partition refers to the device name of the partition.
3 perform "Umount/mnt/other" when you do not need to use it.