Listen to the voice of freedom----installation and configuration of sound card driver software Alsa under Linux
Recommendation: yy810310 Published: December 9, 2000 read times: 294
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For several years, Linux's multimedia features have not been very satisfying as a desktop software, despite its openness, free features and strong performance, which have been overwhelming in the global server market and are gaining market share. For example, a Linux system with its own sound card driver can support very few sound cards. Most of the popular sound card products in the market are difficult to get the support of the system.
This situation is changing rapidly. Many manufacturers see the general trend, actively participate in the development of driver programs. Some organizations and individuals have also started to do a lot of useful exploration.
Today's introduction of the software is a set of sound card driver package---ALSA, full name is Advanced Linux Sound architecture. It is one of the GNU Big Software. As the name suggests, it can drive sound card devices under Linux.
It can support most popular sound cards. Modular architecture. Support full duplex, digital audio and other sound card features.
The latest packages can be downloaded from the FTP site to which http://www.alsa-project.org belongs. If you are interested and competent enough, you can also join the development team. Show the World the wisdom.
The following is a detailed description of the ALSA installation configuration process and considerations, as well as a list of supported sound cards.
Please check your own sound card for support before installing. Lest the white be busy.
First: Hardware and software environment requirements.
Hard disk partitioning and operating system software: windows98+windows2000+bluepoint1.0 (blue Dot Chinese Linux, fully compatible with Redhat). Use the Lilo initiator.
ALSA Requirements for Linux software environments: No special Linux versions are required, but kernel versions are required above 2.2.x. If your Linux system kernel is below this version, recompile the new core. The kernel version of BluePoint1.0 is 2.2.13.
Second: Download the software.
ALSA is currently the latest version of 0.5.9b, the file name is alsa-driver-0.5.9b.tar.bz2. The new BZ2 compression format takes up less space. In addition to it, the following packages are required for normal operation:
alsa-lib-0.5.9.tar.bz2-------------The library files required by the compilation utility
If you are using a Windows operating system to download software, then you need to copy it to the Linux system.
First, log in with the root user and start the installation process.
1: Load the Windows partition containing this file inside Linux,
Enter command:
"Mount-t vfat/dev/hadx/win98" where "X" in Hdax is the Win98 hard disk partition number. If you have any questions about this, please consult other familiar friends.
2: Go to the downloaded directory, copy alsa-driver-0.5.9b.tar.bz2 and two other files into a subdirectory,
Enter command:
"CP alsa-driver-0.5.9*/root"
3: Unzip the file.
Enter command:
"Bzip2-dv alsa-driver-0.5.9b.tar.bz2"
At this time with the "LS" command to view, the current directory only Alsa-driver-0.5.9b.tar, indicating that bzip compression has been lifted.
Enter command:
"Tar VFX Alsa-driver-0.5.9b.tar"
The program automatically generates a subdirectory named---alsa-driver-0.5.9b.
Repeat this step for the other two packages to undo the compression. Using the "ls" command, you will find the appropriate directory.
If you are not familiar with the command line, you can view help information and books. Can also start the X-window window environment, in the file management program to select the appropriate compressed file, and then select the File menu to extract the command on it.
Third: Install the driver file.
1: Open the sound card support in the kernel.
In most cases, this step can be ignored because the basic all Linux release kernel defaults are supported for sound card devices.
2: Run the script.
Enter command:
"./configure"
If your sound card belongs to the ISA Plug and Play type, enter the following command:
"./configure--with-isapnp=yes"
Enter command:
"Make Install"
Note that this step takes longer to operate, please wait patiently. If everything works, the program will eventually prompt the module to compile successfully. and warning sound card default state is mute, need to use "amixer" and other utilities to adjust the volume.
"Amixer" and other commands are alsa-utils-0.5.9a.tar.bz2, need to compile to use.
If the make command does not work, then you need to locate the Linux installation disk and install the package into the system for the development compilation. Please refer to the Software manual for specific operation.
Enter command:
"./snddevices"
The script will automatically create the audio device in the "/dev" directory.
Four: Install the library files and utilities.
Because programs such as "amixer" need to find a corresponding library file to compile, you need to install alsa-lib-0.5.9.tar.bz2 first.
Enter the corresponding subdirectory alsa-lib-0.5.9,
Enter command:
"./configure"
Enter command:
"Make Install"
After these two steps are done, go back to the upper directory, enter the ALSA-UTILS-0.5.9A subdirectory,
Enter command:
"./configure"
Enter command:
"Make Install"
Note that if the "./configure" error occurs in the previous step, I am afraid you will need to use the "-prefix" parameter to specify the path.
For example, try to use "./configure-prefix=/usr/include/linux" When installing library files
Try "./configure-prefix=/usr/include/sys" When you install the utility program
Five: Edit the/etc/modules.conf file.
This step is probably the most difficult step. However, the following examples are given, generally as long as the changes in the system are available.
1: Establish the modules.conf file.
Because there is a demo file inside the system, so just copy it and change it again
Enter command:
"CP modules.conf.sample modules.conf"
2: Modify the modules.conf.
Use any text editor, such as VI, to open this file and add the following at the bottom:
“
#ALSA portion
Alias char-major-116 snd
#注释: Main device number used by ALSA
Alias snd-card-0 Snd-card-ymfpci
#snd-card-0 is the first sound card device inside the system, if the system has more than two sound cards,
#可以使用snd-card-1 Snd-card-2 and other methods mapping
# SND-CARD-YMFPCI is the sound card device name.
#OSS/free portion----Because ALSA requires support from OSS Soundcore and other devices in the kernel
Alias Char-major-14 Soundcore
#系统中soundcore的主设备号码
Alias sound-slot-0 snd-card-0
#第一个声卡对应的插槽
#下面是声卡驱动模块, sound-service-0 refers to the first sound card, if the system has only one piece, intact # copy can be. Otherwise, add other sound card driver modules in this format
#card #1
Alias sound-service-0-0 Snd-mixer-oss
Alias Sound-service-0-1 Snd-seq-oss
Alias Sound-service-0-3 Snd-pcm-oss
Alias Sound-service-0-8 Snd-seq-oss
Alias Sound-service-0-12 Snd-pcm-oss
#ISA声卡还需要指定IRQ/io address, because the market is already very small, this is no longer discussed. We need to check.
#看此软件的相关说明.
”
VI: System testing and sound card equipment adjustment.
1: After editing the/etc/modules.conf file, you need to use the System program to test whether the module can be loaded properly.
Enter command:
"Modprobe Snd-card-ymfpci"
The system goes directly to the prompt state, indicating that the load is normal. However, if you don't know exactly what module to load, you can go to/lib/modules/2.2.13/misc below to see, can load the sound card module is inside. The module name lets you know what files you need.
2: Adjust the volume.
Enter command:
"Amixer"
The command prompt is as follows:
“
Capabilities:volume channels:front-left Front-right limits:min = 0, max = 16383 front-left:0 [0%] [on] [---] Front-Rig ht:0 [0%] [on] [---] Group ' ADC record ', 0 capabilities:volume channels:front-left front-right limits:min = 0, max = 16 383 front-left:0 [0%] [on] [---] front-right:0 [0%] [on] [---] Group ' Capture Volume ', 0 capabilities:volume channels:f Ront-left Front-right limits:min = 0, max = 16383 front-left:0 [0%] [on] [---] front-right:0 [0%] [on] [---] Group ' Inp UT Gain ', 0 capabilities:volume mute jointly-mute channels:front-left front-right limits:min = 0, max = front-left:0 [0%] [Mute] [---] front-right:0 [0%] [mute] [---] Group ' Master Mono ', 0 capabilities:volume Mute capture exclusive-capture capture-Exclusi ve group:1 channels:front-left front-right limits:min = 0, max = front-left:0 [0%] [mute] [---] front-right:0 [0%] [Mute] [---] Group ' Master ', 0 capabilities:volume Mute jointly-mute capture exclusive-capture capture exclusive Group:1 ChanNels:front-left Front-right limits:min = 0, max = to front-left:0 [0%] [mute] [---] front-right:0 [0%] [mute] [---] Gr OUP ' Aux, 0 capabilities:volume Mute jointly-mute capture exclusive-capture capture exclusive Group:1 Channels:front-le FT Front-right limits:min = 0, max = front-left:0 [0%] [mute] [---] front-right:0 [0%] [mute] [---] Group ' video ', 0 Capabilities:volume Mute Jointly-mute capture exclusive-capture capture exclusive group:1 Channels:front-left Front-rig HT limits:min = 0, max = front-left:0 [0%] [mute] [---] front-right:0 [0%] [mute] [---] Group ' CD ', 0 capabilities:v Olume Mute Jointly-mute capture exclusive-capture capture exclusive group:1 channels:front-left front-right limits:min = 0, max = front-left:0 [0%] [mute] [---] front-right:0 [0%] [mute] [---] Group ' line ', 0 capabilities:volume Mute Jo Capture Exclusive-capture capture Exclusive group:1 channels:front-left front-right intly-mute = 0, max = 31 front-left:0 [0%] [mutE] [---] front-right:0 [0%] [mute] [---] Group ' MIC ', 0 capabilities:volume mute capture exclusive-capture-Capture exclus Ive group:1 channels:front-left front-right limits:min = 0, max = to front-left:0 [0%] [mute] [capture] front-right:0 [0%] [Mute] [Capture] Group ' Phone ', 0 capabilities:volume mute capture exclusive-capture capture exclusive group:1 Channels:front-left front- Right limits:min = 0, max = front-left:0 [0%] [mute] [---] front-right:0 [0%] [mute] [---] Group ' PC Speaker ', 0 Capa Bilities:volume Mute channels:front-left Front-right limits:min = 0, max = front-left:0 [0%] [mute] [---] front-rig ht:0 [0%] [mute] [---] Group ' PCM ', 0 capabilities:volume mute jointly-mute channels:front-left front-right limits:min = 0, max = front-left:0 [0%] [mute] [---] front-right:0 [0%] [mute] [---]
”
This indicates that the sound card driver defaults to mute, so you need to use the program to adjust the appropriate volume.
You could have used the "amixer" command to manually specify parameters and make volume adjustments. However, in order not to follow this article until now, the brain may have been confused friends scare away, you can try to use the following method, very convenient.
Enter command:
"Alsamixer"
Do you see a graphical interface. Press F1 to view help information. Note that each vertical bar represents the characteristics of your sound card. Use up and down cursor keys, you can easily adjust the volume of each feature. Up and down the cursor to adjust the number, for example, I put them all to the "74", left and right cursor toggle vertical bar. When you are done, press the ESC key to exit.
And then enter the command:
"Amixer" "Group ' SPDIF record ', 0 capabilities:volume channels:front-left front-right limits:min = 0, max = 16383 front- left:12136 [74%] [on] [---] front-right:12136 [74%] [to] [---] Group ' ADC record ', 0 capabilities:volume Channels:front -left Front-right limits:min = 0, max = 16383 front-left:12136 [74%] [on] [---] front-right:12136 [74%] [on] [---] grou P ' Capture Volume ', 0 capabilities:volume channels:front-left front-right limits:min = 0, max = 16383 front-left:12136 [74%] [On] [---] front-right:12136 [74%] [on] [---] Group ' Input Gain ', 0 capabilities:volume mute jointly-mute channels:front-left Front -right limits:min = 0, max = front-left:11 [73%] [mute] [---] front-right:11 [73%] [mute] [---] Group ' Master Mono ', 0 Capabilities:volume Mute capture exclusive-capture capture exclusive group:1 channels:front-left front-right Limits: min = 0, max = front-left:23 [74%] [mute] [---] front-right:23 [74%] [mute] [---] Group ' Master ', 0 capabilities:volu Me Mute Capture Exclusive-capture capture Exclusive group:1 channels:front-left front-right jointly-mute = 0, max = front-left:23 [74%] [mute] [---] front-right:23 [74%] [mute] [---] Group ' Aux ', 0 capabilities:volume Mute jointly-m Capture Exclusive-capture capture Exclusive group:1 channels:front-left front-right limits:min = 0, max = Ute front- left:23 [74%] [mute] [---] front-right:23 [74%] [mute] [---] Group ' video ', 0 capabilities:volume Mute Jointly-mute Ure exclusive-capture capture Exclusive group:1 channels:front-left front-right limits:min = 0, max = to front-left:23 [74%] [Mute] [---] front-right:23 [74%] [mute] [---] Group ' CD ', 0 capabilities:volume Mute-jointly-mute capture exclusive-capture capture E Xclusive group:1 channels:front-left Front-right limits:min = 0, max = front-left:23 [74%] [mute] [---] front-right : [74%] [mute] [---] Group ' line ', 0 capabilities:volume Mute jointly-mute capture exclusive-capture capture, exclusive GrouP:1 channels:front-left Front-right limits:min = 0, max = to front-left:23 [74%] [mute] [---] front-right:23 [74%] [m UTE] [---] Group ' MIC ', 0 capabilities:volume mute capture exclusive-capture capture exclusive Group:1 Channels:front-le FT Front-right limits:min = 0, max = to front-left:23 [74%] [mute] [capture] front-right:23 [74%] [mute] [capture] Grou P ' Phone ', 0 capabilities:volume mute capture exclusive-capture capture exclusive group:1 Channels:front-left Front-righ T limits:min = 0, max = front-left:23 [74%] [mute] [---] front-right:23 [74%] [mute] [---] Group ' PC Speaker ', 0 Capa Bilities:volume Mute channels:front-left Front-right limits:min = 0, max = front-left:11 [73%] [mute] [---] front-r ight:11 [73%] [mute] [---] Group ' PCM ', 0 capabilities:volume mute jointly-mute channels:front-left front-right Limits: min = 0, max = front-left:23 [74%] [mute] [---] front-right:23 [74%] [mute] [---] "
You will find that your adjustment is working.
3: Storage configuration parameters.
Because the adjustment is not permanent, the next time the reboot, and became a silent state. So, you need to store the parameters.
Enter command:
“
Alsactl Store
”
The program automatically establishes the configuration file---"/etc/asound.conf". If you are not satisfied with the modified configuration, you can use:
"Alsactl Restore" recovery.
Seven: Listen to the voice of freedom.
By this, all the installation process is over. Because each person's system configuration is different, so the author can not anticipate all the situation. If you have any questions please calm down and study and think carefully. Can not solve the welcome to the Internet discussion. You should know that your Linux usage level will increase rapidly. One-Step installation is simple, but less DIY fun.
Thank you for being so patient, now start x Window, open the MP3 player, and enjoy the fun of the wonderful music.
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