LS CD for directory operation

Cd:

switch directories,

CD or CD ~: back to the current user's home directory

Cd~username: switch to the home directory of the specified user

CD-: switch back and forth between the previous directory and the current directory

.

..

ls view files in the directory

"Built-in Commands"

-A all show all files including hidden files

-a almost-all shows that almost all files are not included : .

-D Display directory

-I display inode

-l Long format

-H human-readable size reader easy-to-read format display , General and- L use together

-R Reverse display

-R Recursive display

The list of parameter –l is as follows

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First Paragraph First: file type:

- normal file

d Catalog File

L Link File

Block B device file block

C character File

P Pipeline File

s socket file socket

First paragraph second bit: file permissions

permissions per three-bit for a class of users read, write, execute

the first three bits are the master permission

the three-bit is a group permission

after three bits for other users

the second paragraph is number of hard links directories typically have at least two   .   ..

the third paragraph is Owner

the fourth paragraph is Genus Group

the fifth paragraph is file Size (device file is the main device number, secondary device number)

Section 6,7,8 is the last time modified

Nineth paragraph file name

can be used Stat file names can view the metadata of the files as follows

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Timestamp :Access 's most recent access time will change once it is accessed once.

Modify Last Modified time changes when metadata is modified

Change Changes The last time when changes are changed

change when the content is changed Modify the time, because the file size changes when the content is changed, so the metadata changes

LS CD for directory operation