Management of Linux operating system (operating system and server) II

Why are there some operating systems that stand out from many operating systems? Many people do not know that these operating systems are not just for us to install on the computer, then play games, movies, office use. Every kind of control system has their role. Through these operating systems I will introduce you to several "computers".

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            The first computer in the world is Atana eliasoph-Berry Computer,1949The University of Pennsylvania in the United States after several years of efforts to study the world's second computer earliest. At that time earliest long30.48m width1meters, covers an area of about thesqm, -a console, heavy -multi-ton, power consumption Maxkw, cost -million dollars and it contains17468root vacuum tube,7200a resistor,10000a capacitor, thea relay,6000multiple switches executed per second thesecondary addition or -secondary multiplication, which was the +times, hand-calculated -million times. If compared with the modern computer, although a lot of slow, but the history of earliest is indeed the inevitable condition of modern computers, slowly with the development of science and technology with our current notebook, desktop, server and so on.

first, laptops and desktops, both of which are common in our daily lives, called personal computers, referred to AS PC . the concept of pc comes from the first step desktop computer model pcof IBM ,also called Tabletop machine, is a separate computer, Compared to notebooks and netbooks are larger and cheaper, the main components such as: Host, monitor, keyboard, mouse and other equipment are generally relatively independent, and notebooks have done the integration can be carried around. In general, PC configurations are generally very low and expansion slots are rarely available for individual users.

In addition to the server, the general server is divided into three kinds, rack server, tower Server, Blade server.

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A rack-mounted server looks like a computer, but like a switch, there are1U(1u=1.75inches),2U,4Uand other specifications. Rack-mount servers are installed in standard +inch cabinet inside. This type of structure is more of a functional server. For information services enterprises (such asISP/ICP/ISV/IDC), when selecting a server, the first consideration is the size of the server, power consumption, heat, and other physical parameters, because information services enterprises usually use large-scale dedicated computer room to deploy and manage a large number of server resources, the room is usually equipped with strict security measures, good cooling system, multi-backup power supply, The cost of the engine room is quite expensive. How to deploy more servers in a limited space is directly related to the cost of the services of the enterprise, usually using the mechanical dimensions in line with +industry-Standard rack-mount servers. Rack servers also have several specifications, such as1U(111.25pxhigh),2U,4U,6U,8Uand so on. Usually1URack -mounted servers are the most space-saving, but less performance and scalability, suitable for some of the business's relatively fixed usage areas. 4UThe above product performance is high, scalability is good, general support4more than one high-performance processor and a large number of standard hot-swappable components. Management is also very convenient, vendors often provide the corresponding management and monitoring tools, suitable for the key applications of large traffic volume, but the larger volume, the space utilization is not high. The advantages of rack-mounted servers, compared to the other two style servers. Rack-mounted servers save space relative to tower servers, but the heat dissipation is slightly less because of the compact space.

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Tower Server Tower Server is generally seen the most, its shape and structure are with the ordinary PC machine, just a little larger, and its size is not uniform standard. Because the tower server chassis is relatively large, the server configuration can be very high, redundant expansion can be very complete, so it has a wide range of applications, it should be said that the current highest utilization of a server is a tower server. We often say that the general server is generally a tower server, it can set a variety of common services in one, whether it is a speed application or storage applications can use the tower server to solve. In terms of the use of objects or levels of use, the current common entry-level and workgroup-level servers are basically using this type of server architecture, some departmental applications will also be used, but because there is only one host, even if there is a limit to the expansion of the upgrade, so in some applications of high-demand enterprises, Stand-alone server can not meet the requirements, need to work together, and the tower server is too large, independent too strong, collaborative work in space occupancy and system management is not convenient, which is the limitations of Tower server. However, in general, the functions and performance of such servers are basically able to meet the requirements of most enterprise users, the cost is usually relatively low, so this type of server has a very wide range of application support. The tower server's motherboard is strong, the socket is also many, and the tower server inside the chassis often reserved a lot of space for the hard disk, power supply and other redundant expansion. This server eliminates the need for additional equipment, does not require a lot of space for placement, is well-scalable, and can be configured to be very high, so it can be used in a wide range of applications to meet common server application requirements. This type of server is especially suitable for common entry-level and workgroup-level server applications, and the cost is low, performance can meet the requirements of most SME users, the market demand space is still very large. But this type of server also has a lot of limitations, in the need to use more than one server at the same time to meet the high demand for server applications, because of its individual relatively large, occupy more space, also inconvenient management, it seems very unsuitable.

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The so-called Blade server(exactly, it should be called a blade server.Blade Server)refers to the standard height of the rack-mounted chassis can be inserted into a plurality of card server units for high availability and high density. Each piece"Blades"is actually a system motherboard. They can be passed"onboard"the hard drive starts its own operating system, such asWindows nt/2000,LinuxAnd so on, similar to a separate server, in this mode, each piece of the motherboard to run their own system, to serve the specified different user groups, there is no correlation between each other. However, administrators can use system software to assemble these motherboards into a single server cluster. In cluster mode, all motherboards can be connected to provide a high-speed network environment, while sharing resources for the same user base service. Insert new in the cluster"Blades", you can improve overall performance. And because each piece"Blades"are hot-swappable, so the system can be easily replaced and the maintenance time minimized. Blade Server These blades are designed with low power consumption, small space, and lower price, and also inherit some of the technical specifications of traditional servers, such as hot Plug and redundancy in blade servers, designed to meet the requirements of server performance in dense computing environment Some also improve the stability and core network performance of the server through the built-in load balancing technology. And from the outside, with the traditional rack-mount server/compared with tower server, Blade Server can save the space and cost of server, and provide users with flexible and convenient extension and upgrade means. Blade servers have become the mainstream of high-performance computing clusters, with global super - -Strong and domestic -in strong supercomputers, many of the new cluster systems use the blade architecture. Due to the use of blade server can greatly reduce the number of external cables required, can greatly reduce the trouble caused by cable connection failure, improve system reliability

the server is configured or used differently, so there is a big difference in the choice of the operating system, so why Span style= "FONT-FAMILY:CALIBRI;" >PC on operating system windows linux Dominate the situation?

pc pc As long as everyone is comfortable, the desktop is beautiful, There is no requirement for stability of the system, windows The company is the desktop route, supporting more software, and easy to operate, a few mouse clicks on the ok mac-os Operating system because he can only run on Apple's special machine and the price is high, the use of a small number of people in terms of price and market windows

But on the server, from the name you know, it is to provide services to users, It is for thousands of people to use the landing, the configuration is generally very high, supporting a variety of slots and extension modules, then I ask windows7 8g\16g\32g These are very high-profile for personal computers. windows There are also server editions, so you go online to see windows Enterprise edition of the operating system price, OK I know you don't have time to check, then please look at the picture below! 650) this.width=650; "Title=" Russian tower. png "style=" Float:none; "alt=" wkiom1pxoeuwvbwlaarjwr8mhoa874.jpg "src="/http S3.51cto.com/wyfs02/m01/42/73/wkiom1pxoeuwvbwlaarjwr8mhoa874.jpg "/>

other words I will not say, the data show everything, one is not expensive, 100 units 10,000? So it 's an indelible fact that more Linux is used in the server domain.

in the Linux There are many versions of the operating system in the field I am not in one by one explained, interested can go online check, or message, I will send some information to your mailbox, thank you for your support!!

next section Linux management of the operating system (overview of virtual machines) three

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