Marco 2016 new Linux+python high-end OPS class fourth-first time operation

I. List Linux distributions by series and describe the connections and differences between different distributions

Mainstream distributions include Slackware, Debian and Redhat, all of which are part of the GNU program, featuring the following:

Slackware:  

The directory structure is rigorous; the version pursues stability rather than chasing new; The Package Manager compiles the installation using TGZ/TXZ format files plus installation scripts, and SUSE Linux is a product based on Slackware Linux and offers a complete German interface. The SuSE Integrated management interface is more than just software, and SUSE allows administrators to configure all components without the need for in-depth research on the components, which SuSE can configure to manage or not require.

Debian:

It is widely used in the field of server and desktop computer. Debian is a pure open source program and focuses on a key point, stability. It also provides the largest and most complete software repositories to the user. Ubuntu is based on the unstable version of Debian, and it can be said that Ubuntu is a nearly perfect Linux desktop system with all the advantages of Debian, as well as the advantages of being strengthened.

Redhat:

Stable, version does not chase new, the market share is large, the package uses the RPM and the Yum management system; The package management method of the Redhat series uses the Yum package management method based on RPM package, which is a compiled binary file. Includes Rhel (Redhat Enterprise Linux, billed version), Fedora Core (developed from the Redhat desktop version, free), CentOS (community clone version of Rhel, free).

Ii. Description of the use format of the commands on the Linux system; details Ifconfig, Echo, TTY, STARTX, export, pwd, history, shutdown, Poweroff, reboot, Hwclock, The use of the date command, and is elaborated in conjunction with the corresponding example .

Linux command format:

command [options] [arguments]

Command: Commands

Options:--words or-word

Argument: parameter (file name or other)

Ipconfig

Description : Typically used to display or edit (temporary) network interface (NIC) information for viewing and configuring network devices. This command can be used to configure the network appropriately when the network environment changes.

Command format:

I Fconfig [Network Devices] [parameters]

Example 1: Display Network device information, command: Ifconfig

Output:

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Eth0 represents the first network card, where HWaddr represents the physical address of the network card, you can see the current physical address of the network card (MAC address) is 00:0c:29:d7:45:f6
Inet addr is used to indicate the IP address of the network card, the IP address of this network card is 192.168.223.128, broadcast address, bcast:192.168.223.225, mask address mask:255.255.255.0
Lo is the return of the host's bad address, which is generally used to test a network program, but do not want to let the local area network or extranet users can view, can only run on this host and view the network interface used.
First line: Connection type: Ethernet (Ethernet) HWADDR (Hardware MAC address)
Second line: IP address, subnet, mask of network card
Third line: Up (for Nic on) RUNNING (network cable on behalf of the NIC is connected) multicast (support multicast) mtu:1500 (Maximum transmission Unit): 1500 bytes
Line fourth to fifth: Receive, send packet statistics
Line seventh: Receive, send data byte count statistics.

Example 2: turn off and start the specified NIC, command: ifconfig eth0 up,ifconfig eth0 down

Output:

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Ifconfig eth0 up is the boot Nic eth0, ifconfig eth0 down to turn off the NIC Eth0.

ECHO:

Description: Displays variables or parameters from standard output .

Command format:

echo [OPTIONS] [arguments]

Usage examples:

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For more details, please see the attached section

Marco 2016 new Linux+python high-end OPS class fourth-first time operation