Middle Note (vi)

--March 23, 2016

First, quality management

1, Quality management principles?

(1) Multi-requirements with practicality as the core.
(2) system engineering.
(3) employee participation in management.
(4) management and first attention.
(5) Protection of consumer rights and interests.
(6) for the international market.

2, the goal of quality management?

(1) Customer satisfaction degree.
(2) Prevention is better than inspection.
(3) The process in each stage.

3. What are the main activities of quality management? Remember

(1) Quality planning: Refers to the determination of the quality standards associated with the project, and determine how to meet these quality standards.
(2) Quality assurance: It is one of the activities to evaluate the overall project performance regularly to establish the confidence that the project can meet the relevant quality standards.
(3) Quality control: Refers to the monitoring of specific project results to determine whether they meet the relevant quality standards, and identify ways to eliminate the causes of low performance.

4. What are the four links in the quality management process? (remember) (press P ' DCA to understand memory)

(1) Establish the quality standard system.
(2) Quality control of the implementation of the project.
(3) The actual comparison with the standard.
(4) Corrective error correction.

5. What are the 8 principles of ISO9000 Quality management?

(1) Customer-centric
(2) Leadership role
(3) Full participation
(4) Process method
(5) Systematic approach to management
(6) Continuous improvement
(7) Fact-based decision-making methods
(8) Mutually beneficial relationship with the supplier

6, Total Quality management is a kind of full? All? All? Quality Management? It consists of 4 elements: structure, technology, personnel, and change-driven people.

Total Quality Management (TQM) is an all-round, whole-process, enterprise-wide quality control. It has the structure, the technology, the personnel, the transformation impetus 4 elements to compose.

7. What are the 4 core characteristics of total quality management?

(1) Quality management with full participation
(2) The whole process of quality management
(3) Comprehensive approach to quality management
(4) Comprehensive structure of quality management

8, Six Sigma means six times times the standard deviation, in the quality of each million bad product rate is less than how much?

Six Sigma is the "six times-fold standard deviation", which represents the quality of each million parts per million,ppm of less than 3.4.

9. What is the core of the Six Sigma management law? And what does DMAIC mean? What are the four elements?
The core of the Six Sigma approach is to use all of the work as a process, using quantitative analysis.
DMAIC: determination, measurement, analysis, improvement, control
4 elements: Top management commitments, stakeholder participation, training programmes and measurement systems.

What is the advantage of 10 and Six Sigma?

The advantage of Six Sigma is that it improves and guarantees quality from the implementation of the project, rather than testing the quality of control from the results. This not only reduces the quality of the process of prosecution, but also avoids the cost of rework as a result. More importantly, Six Sigma management fosters the quality awareness of employees and incorporates this quality awareness into the corporate culture.

11, the CMM includes which five grades, please write from low to high.

(1) Initial level
(2) Repeatable level
(3) defined level
(4) Managed level
(5) Optimization level

12, the CMMI includes which five levels, please write from low to high.
(1) Initial level
(2) Managed level
(3) defined level
(4) Quantitative management level
(5) Optimization level

13. What is the name of SPCA? What criteria is it based on? Which of the 2 models should be internal? What is the need for a second-party or third-party assessment?

SPCA full name: Software process and Capability Maturity assessment (software process and Capability maturity Assessment).
SPCA is based on the evaluation criteria of the Ministry of Information industry, "sj/t 11234-2001 software Process capability Evaluation model" and "sj/t 11235-2001 software Capability Maturity Model" two standards.
The sj/t 11234-2001 Software Process Competency Assessment model is designed for internal, sj/t 11235-2001 software Competency Maturity models for second-party or third-party assessment needs.

14. What are the main activities for developing the project quality plan?

(1) Collection of information
(2) Preparation of project quality plan
(3) Learning to use tools and techniques
(4) Form the project quality plan

15. Develop the main methods, techniques and tools used in the project quality plan. (kee) (7)

(1) Benefit/cost Analysis
(2) Benchmark comparison
(3) Flowchart
(4) Experimental design
(5) Quality cost analysis
(6) Quality function expansion
(7) Process Strategy Program diagram method

16, the definition of experimental design? 2 examples are presented.

Experimental design is a statistical method that helps determine the factors that affect a particular variable. For example: How to combine the computer chip material and equipment, how to complete the assignment work in a short time ratio of senior programmer to junior programmer.

17. What are the three costs of quality? What are their definitions, respectively? and give examples to illustrate.

Quality costs include prevention costs, evaluation costs, and defect costs.
Cost of prevention: refers to those costs that are incurred in order to ensure that the product meets the requirements and that there is no product defect. Such as: Project quality planning, quality planning, quality control, quality audit, design audit, Process control work, quality measurement, test system construction, quality training, supplier evaluation, etc. are the prevention costs.
Estimate cost: The cost of checking and testing the evaluation to make the work meet the requirements. such as: Design evaluation, receiving acceptance, procurement inspection, testing, test results analysis and reporting, etc. are evaluation costs.
Defect Cost: It is divided into internal and external defects cost. The cost of internal defects refers to the cost of making up the product failure and actual effect before delivery and taking place within the company. such as: Product replacement, rework or repair, scrap and scrap, re-testing, defect diagnosis, internal fault correction, etc. are the internal defect costs. The cost of external defects refers to the costs incurred outside the company, usually by the customer's request. such as: Product complaint evaluation, product warranty complaints, returns, increase marketing costs to compensate for lost customers, scrap recall, product responsibility, customer return to solve problems, such as the cost of external defects.

18, the definition of quality function expansion? Why does it also call quality house?

The quality function development is the specialized method which transforms the project quality requirement, the customer opinion into the project technical request. QFD matrix is mainly used to determine the quality requirements of the project, the shape looks like a house, so also called the quality of the house.

19. What are the six elements of the quality house? What are their definitions, respectively?

Quality house includes customer requirements, priority, product or service characteristics, correlation matrix, relational matrix, product or service technical parameters.
Customer demand is the customer's opinion or customer's needs and expectations, often involving the customer wants to get the product or service space is a problem.
Priority is the degree of attention that the customer attaches to a number of concerns, usually defined by the customer, and can be represented in order by three-in-one.
Product or service characteristics refer to the characteristics of the product design, manufacturing, or service delivery required to meet customer requirements, which are determined by the project team and are usually related to certain structure and performance of the product or service.
Correlation matrix refers to the relationship between many characteristics of a product or service, and is usually represented by positive correlation or negative correlation, depending on the interaction between them.
Relational matrix refers to the relationship between customer requirements and product or service characteristics, according to the program between them, usually with strong, medium, weak three qualitative relationship to determine.
Product or service technical parameters refer to the quality performance parameters of a product or service, usually measured by objective criteria that can be measured.

20. What is the main idea of PDPC?

The main idea of the process decision-making procedure is to make a comprehensive analysis of the process of achieving the stated objectives, to estimate the possible obstacles and results, to envisage and develop corresponding contingency measures and contingency plans, to maintain the flexibility of the plan, and, in the course of the implementation of the plan, when there are adverse circumstances, Immediately adopt the original design measures and revise the programme at any time, so that the plan can be carried out in a methodical manner to achieve the intended objectives;

21. What are the contents of the Process Improvement plan?

The process Improvement plan will detail the process analysis steps to identify waste and non-value-added activities to improve customer value, including content: Process boundaries (which describe the purpose, start and end of the process, its basis and results, required information, and the person responsible for the process and the project stakeholders); process configuration (Process flowchart, For interface and interface analysis), process measurement indicators (control of process status), performance improvement (goal-Directed process improvement activities).

22. What are the contents of the Project quality assurance activities?

(1) How to establish quality standards
(2) How to establish the quality control process
(3) How to evaluate the quality system

23. What are the basic contents of the quality assurance activities of the project management? Four Remember

(1) Setting quality standards

(2) Develop quality control process

(3) Proposed methods and techniques for quality assurance

(4) Establish quality assurance system

24. What are the technology and methods of project quality assurance? (note) (7+2 article)

(1) Benefit/cost Analysis
(2) Benchmark comparison
(3) Flowchart
(4) Experimental design
(5) Quality cost analysis
(6) Quality function expansion
(7) Process decision-making procedure diagram method
(8) Process analysis
(9) Project Quality Audit

25. What is the content of quality audit? (Whole paragraph comprehension and as an answer)

Quality audits are structured and independent methods of assessment of other quality management activities, and are used to determine whether the implementation of the project activity complies with the principles, processes and procedures defined in the organization and the project. The goal of quality audits is to identify inefficient and ineffective policies, processes, and procedures used in the project. Subsequent efforts to take corrective action on the results of quality audits will result in reduced quality costs and increased customer or (in-organization) satisfaction with the products and services of the Promoter. Quality audits can be pre-planned or random, either within the organization or by a third-party (external) organization to do so. The quality audit also confirms approved change requests, corrective actions, defect revisions, and the implementation of preventive measures.

26. What are the basic steps of the project quality control process? (7, understood in PDCA way)

(1) Select the Control object
(2) Determining criteria or targets for control objects
(3) Formulating the implementation plan and determining the guarantee measures
(4) EXECUTE as planned
(5) to track and monitor the implementation of the project, and to compare the results of the monitoring with the plan or standard
(6) Detection and analysis of deviations
(7) According to the deviation of the corresponding measures, if the actual situation of monitoring compared with the standard or plan, the corresponding countermeasures should be taken.

27. What are the 4 traditional quality control methods? What are the 7 old seven tools? Which 7 of the new seven tools? Remember

Traditional methods of quality control: testing, inspection, statistical sampling, Six Sigma;
Old Seven tools: Causality diagram, flowchart, histogram, checklist, scatter chart, Pareto chart (Pareto chart) and control chart (management chart, trend chart);
New Seven tools: Mutual relation diagram, affinity map (inspiration), tree chart, matrix chart (letter), Priority matrix chart (number), Process decision method Diagram (PDPC method, contingency plan), activity Network Diagram.

28, the old seven tools are for the process, the new seven tools are for the PDCA p stage, sorting problems, can be used? And? , the policy objective can be expanded. 、？ And? Schedule time, can be used? And?. Remember

The old seven tools are for the process, the new seven tools are aimed at the PDCA P stage, the collation of the problem can be used with the mutual Relationship Diagram and affinity map, the implementation of the objectives can be used tree-like method, matrix chart and Priority matrix mapping method, scheduling time can be used PDPC method and activity Network Diagram method.

II. Human resources management of the project
1. What are the processes of human resources management? Remember
(1) Project Human Resource plan preparation
(2) Project team formation
(3) Project team Building
(4) Project team management

2. What are the 3 types of organization chart most commonly used?

Organization Chart is the most commonly used in the hierarchy chart, matrix diagram, Text Format role description, and so on three kinds.

3, the definition of RAM?

RAM (Responsibility allocation matrix): a matrix used to indicate which team member is responsible for the work that needs to be done, or what team members need to work on.

4. What is the definition of WBS, OBS, RBS?

WBS work Breakdown Structure: Break project deliverables into work packages
OBS organizational Breakdown structure: Decomposition According to the organization's existing departments, units, or teams.
RBS resource decomposition structure: decomposes the project's various types of resources.

5. What are the human resources management plans? (Total 3 Records)

(1) Distribution of roles and responsibilities
(2) Organizational chart of the project
(3) Staffing management plan

6. What basic content should be included in the staffing management plan? (Remember, a total of 7 records)

(1) forming a project team
(2) Timetable
(3) Human Resources release arrangements
(4) Training needs
(5) Recognition and reward
(6) Compliance with the provisions
(7) Security

7. What are the tools and technologies that the team builds?

Pre-Dispatch, negotiation, procurement, virtual teams

8. What are the 3 typical motivation theories? Remember

Maslow needs hierarchy theory, Hertzberg two-factor theory and expectation theory.

9, Maslow's need hierarchy theory, from low to high what is the difference?

Physiology, safety, society, self-esteem, self-realization

10. What kinds of factors are there in two-factor theory?

The first category is the health factor, which is related to the working environment or conditions
The second category is the motivating factor, which is related to the work of the employee or the content of the work

11, the expectations of the theory that the motivation of a goal to the human factor is affected by which 2 factors?

2 factors are affected by target valence and expected value.

12. Hypothesis of x theory? What are the viewpoints of y theory?

Hypothesis of X-theory: The general human nature indolent, as long as it is possible to evade work, people are born to self-centered, disregard the requirements of the Organization, the lack of enterprise, the avoidance of responsibility, a willing to obey the command, the status quo, not creative, people are usually gullible, easy to be incited;
Y theory: The average person is not born indolent, they love work, get satisfaction and sense of accomplishment from work; foreign control and punishment is not an effective way for people to achieve the goal of organization, the subordinate can self-define the goal, self-command and self-control; Under appropriate conditions, people are willing to take responsibility Most people have a certain imagination and creativity, in modern society, people's wisdom and potential are only partially to be played.

13, the most basic five kinds of power including which five kinds, and briefly explain it.

Legal power: Refers to the authority of the project manager to allow the employee to work on the basis of the senior management's formal authorization to the project manager.

Force: A punishment, threat, or other negative means of forcing an employee to do something they do not want to do.

Expert power: is to use personal knowledge and skills to enable employees to change their behavior.

Reward Power: A number of incentives are used to guide employees to work.

Calling Power: Power is based on the personal appeal of power.

14. What are the characteristics of a successful team? Remember

(1) The goal of the team is clear
(2) Clear organizational structure
(3) Concise and effective process
(4) Reward
(5) Discipline jointly formulated and adhered to
(6) work together

15, the team construction of the five stages of the name, and a brief explanation.

(1) Formation stage: From individual members to team members, to begin to form a common goal, the future team often have a good expectation;
(2) Oscillation stage: Start the task, meet the difficulties exceeding the expectations, there will be disputes, blame each other, and began to doubt the ability of the project manager;
(3) Specification stage: After the running-in, the team members are familiar with and understand each other, the contradiction is basically resolved, the project manager can be recognized by the team.
(4) Play the stage: with mutual understanding and trust of the project manager, the members actively work hard to achieve the goal.
(5) End stage: As the project ends, the team is dismissed.

16. Team-building tools and technologies include: general management skills, training, and what is included?

(1) General management skills
(2) Training
(3) Team building activities
(4) Basic rules
(5) Centralized Office
(6) Awards and recognition

17, team management methods include: Observation and talk, project performance evaluation, but also what?

(1) Observation and conversation
(2) Project performance evaluation
(3) List of issues

18, in the management process, the most important seven kinds of conflict is which 7 kinds?

In the project management process, the main seven kinds of conflicts are: progress, project priority, resources, technology, management process, cost and personal conflict.

19. What are the sequence of conflicts in the conceptual, planning, implementation, and closing stages?

Concept phase: Project priority conflict, management process conflict, schedule conflict
Planning Phase: Project priority conflict, schedule conflict, management process conflict
Execution phase: Schedule conflict, technical conflict, resource conflict
Closing stage: Schedule conflict, resource conflict, personal conflict

20. When dealing with conflicts in a team environment, should the project manager recognize the characteristics of the conflict?

Conflict is natural, and there is a solution; conflict is a team problem, not a person's personal problem, the conflict should be dealt with openly, the resolution of the conflict should focus on the problem, not the personal attack, the resolution of the conflict should focus on the present, not the past.

21. What are the root causes of conflict? (at least seven)

(1) Scramble for scarce resources
(2) Difference in priority of progress
(3) different ways and styles of work for everyone
(4) High Pressure environment of the project
(5) Vague liability
(6) There are multiple superiors
(7) Use of new technologies

22. What are the 6 kinds of 6 methods of conflict management? and explain it briefly. Remember

(1) Problem solving: The conflicting parties actively define the problem, collect the information of the problem, formulate a solution, and finally choose the most suitable solution to resolve the conflict, at this time win or multi-win.
(2) Cooperation: gather the views and opinions of many parties, and draw a solution of conflict that most people accept and promise.
(3) Compulsory: it is at the expense of the views of other parties, to enforce the adoption of one side's view.
(4) Compromise: the parties to the conflict have negotiated and sought a conflict resolution that would allow a certain degree of satisfaction to all parties to the conflict, but none of the parties to the conflict is fully satisfied and is a compromise.
(5) To seek common ground: it is the conflicting parties who are concerned about their consistent side, while diluting the inconsistent side.
(6) Retreat: The immediate or potential conflict is set aside and withdrawn from the conflict.

This article from "Piano Happy Garden" blog, declined reprint!

Middle Note (vi)