Mobile device Management (MDM) and OMA (OTA) DM Protocol Wizard (i)--from WiMAX

Mobile device Management (MDM) and OMA (OTA) DM Protocol Wizard (i)--from WiMAX

First, why mobile device Management (MDM) is required
Mobile devices, such as mobile phones, have become very important communication tools, and the number of effective mobile users is growing every day, the complexity of mobile devices and the complexity of mobile data applications and services are rising. These trends have created significant management challenges for operators, as well as a lot of opportunities. Data services are now an important communication tool for consumer and enterprise users, but it is challenging to extend mobile data services to different mobile devices of different network types. At the same time, this management challenge continues to grow as more complex mobile devices are updated on a daily basis, with several gigabytes of memory, advanced processing power, and expanding mobile data applications and service capabilities.
Mobile device Management (Management) is the answer to this management challenge, ensuring that all mobile devices connected to the carrier network can deliver high-quality mobile data services. MDM provides support for GSM, CDMA, WiMAX and other mobile devices, this paper focuses on WiMAX.

Operators such as Clearwire and UQ require that WiMAX products have a wireless OTA (over-the-air) management function to ensure the reliability of WiMAX networks.

Redbend Software announces that Intel, the world leader in chip innovation, has been authorized to use Redbend software company's vdirectmobile Device Management (DM) client software on Intel embedded WiMAX chipsets based on Intel Centrino 2 processor technology. The first Intel chips with Redbend software were primarily used on laptops built with Intel chips and started shipping in the fall of 2008. The laptop is currently available in the United States and Japan through operator Clearwire and UQ respectively.

Ii. What is OMA (OTA) DM
OMA's OTA (over-the-air)-based device Management (DM) framework provides a solution for mobile device Management (MDM) that uses the WAP protocol push approach. The basic process of WAP push is the information content that the server will send, in XML representation, sent to the WAP gateway via the PAP protocol. A lot of details have taken place after the process (billing, SP identification, access control, information content binary compression coding, terminal discovery, terminal capability feature check, terminal address resolution, etc.), the content is sent to the mobile phone via OTA Protocol (2.0 below specification with OTA-WSP, More than 2.0 of the specifications with Ota-http).
Detailed details are as follows: from WiMAX-10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 chapters.

Speaking from WiMAX

1. Why WiMAX is required
It mainly solves the problem of remote wireless broadband access, that is, the problem of wireless metropolitan area network. By eliminating the blind spots of wireless Internet access, you can use wireless Internet access in any corner of the city, ultimately providing the last mile of wireless broadband access without the need for direct line-of-sight base stations.

2. What is WiMAX
IEEE802.16 Standard, also known as WiMAX (World Interoperability for microwave access), or wide band Wireless access (Broadband Wireless Access,bwa) standard. It is a wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) technology, is a new air interface standard for microwave and millimeter wave bands. Provides a fixed, portable, up-to-the-move wireless broadband connection that is said to provide high-speed internet access covering a 30-mile range. Theoretically the transmission speed is 30 times times of 3G network, covering area is 10 times times of 3G network.

3.WiMAX Forum
In order to better promote the market-oriented process of IEEE 802.16 and to certify the consistency and interoperability of the products of each manufacturer, the WiMAX forum was established by Intel in April 2001, and as of August 23, 2006, the Forum has 378 members, including many famous operators, chip dealers , system manufacturers, China's ZTE, Huawei is also ranked among them, ZTE as the core members.

4. What is Air interface
Air interface (air Interface) refers to the interface between the user terminal (UT) and the Wireless access Network (RAN)

protocol stack for 5.WiMAX
WiMAX mainly work around the air interface expansion, the air interface is mainly composed of physical layer and MAC layer. The physical layer is located at the lowest level of the OSI Seven layer protocol, which carries all upper layer applications and is closely related to the transmission medium, and the main problems are: Connection type, physical topology, digital signal, bit synchronization, bandwidth usage, multiplexing, etc. The connection devices associated with the physical layer are: hubs, repeaters, transmission media connectors, modems, and so on.
The media access Control sub-layer protocol for MAC (media access Control), located in the lower half of the data link layer in the OSI Seven layer protocol, is primarily responsible for controlling and connecting physical media to physical layers. When the data is sent, the MAC protocol can determine in advance whether the data can be sent, if it can be sent to the data with some control information, and finally the data and control information in the specified format sent to the physical layer, when the data is received, the MAC protocol first to determine the information entered and whether transmission error occurred, If there is no error, the control information is removed and sent to the Data Link Layer LLC sublayer.

6.WiMAX and OMA, TR069
From the protocol stack defined by the three, WiMAX focuses on the bottom part of the protocol, which is closely related to the wireless network equipment, that is to solve the problem of how to send data and receive data by wireless network equipment. The protocol stack for OMA and TR069 is defined in the Transport layer (TCP or WDP), the session layer (HTTP or WSP), the presentation layer (SOP or SYNCML), the application layer (TR069 RPC or OMA DM Tree), That is, OMA and TR069 focus on solving the conversational process and synchronization issues that are closely related to data, and ultimately solve practical application problems.
From the three design intentions of the WiMAX focus on wireless devices, through the use of more advanced technology (OFDM, sub-channelized, directional antennas, MIMO, adaptive modulation, self-correcting and power control) WiMAX equipment to achieve long-range high-speed wireless transmission, focusing on the physical layer and the MAC layer.
OMA's design was designed to synchronize data across different network devices, to downplay the impact of devices, operating systems, and networks on data interactions, so its real focus is on the presentation layer.
The OMA DM protocol is clearly independent of the bearer network and is not known for the underlying transmission between the device and the server. The protocol can be used for many bearer networks, including mobile cellular networks, Bluetooth, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, LTE, etc., which span GSM, CDMA and WiMAX technologies.
TR069 is designed to manage a large number of IP devices such as set-top boxes, VOIP, so its focus is on practical applications, that is, in the application layer.
WiMAX is an all-IP architecture, so from the point of view of the Protocol, either OMA or TR069 should be able to manage WiMAX devices, the actual environment depends on the WiMAX device implementation of which protocol (the application of the TR069 agent or OMA DM agent), It is then managed using the appropriate management protocol.

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oma/tr069
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WiMAX Physical Layer

7.WiMAX and Wi-Fi
WiMAX and Wi-Fi, are used to transmit wireless signal technology, but Wi-Fi solution is the Wireless LAN access problem, and WiMAX solution is the problem of wireless metropolitan area network. Wi-Fi only transmits the Internet connection signal to a distance of 300 feet, and WiMAX transmits the signal 31 miles away. And, the network connection speed will also soar to 70 trillion per second, and now Wi-Fi 54 trillion per second speed can be completed in 1 seconds to complete the 1-hour MP3 song download.

8.WiMAX and 3G
WiMAX (802.16E) and 3G technology, because of the different positioning, there are a lot of differences.
From the operating system, WiMAX first defines the physical layer and MAC layer of the air interface, and the protocol used above the MAC layer and the core network part is not within the scope of 802.16e, and temporarily does not constitute a complete mobile system. 3G is the first complete mobile system, the air interface, core network and business specifications have been completed standardization work.
From the wireless application, WiMAX in a very long time will be the main solution to the hotspot coverage, the network can provide some of the mobility. 3G is continuous coverage, the user to the full mobile-based.
From the perspective of business capability, WiMAX is mainly a broadband data service with certain mobile characteristics, and the main users are notebook terminal and 802.16e terminal holder. 3G from the design is originally designed for voice services and Data Services, voice QoS has a high degree of protection. 3G data capability is also increasing, 3G enhanced type such as HSDPA, has been able to achieve 10Mbps access rate.
WiMAX can be a 3G and 3G evolution of a wireless metropolitan area network, multi-point base station interconnection of the important support means, the potential application of the model there is a huge difference, so far, there is no 3G and WiMAX competition problem. Future WiMAX may fuse into a mature operating system of 3G. At the beginning of the 3G development, WiMAX can make up the 3G deficiency in the data aspect.

Application of 9.WiMAX Equipment
(1) Fixed application
The users and scenes of WiMAX fixed application mode include: Enterprise user, the E1/IP of the community, the line of the WLAN public access network to the metropolitan Area Network, the interconnection of the base station and the base station controller in the mobile communication network; In areas such as rural and remote areas where there is a need for Internet, and where users are scattered, as a DSL The replacement of wireless broadband access network coverage, where there is no cable network resources, where the cable network is inaccessible, such as topographic restrictions or historical and cultural monuments; link backup; Emergency communication.

(2) Mobile applications
Mobile application modes include: Nomadic business, the terminal can be from different access points, access to a carrier WiMAX network, does not support the switch between different base stations. Limited switching ability at walking speed; portable business, mainly for home access and business users market, the terminal can be a PCMCIA card, placed in a portable computer, full mobile service, support the speed of mobile non-disruptive applications, for the individual user market, can roam, terminal can be a PDA.

Management of 10.WiMAX devices (mobile device Management (MDM) and OMA (OTA) DM)
Mobile devices, such as mobile phones, have become very important communication tools, and the number of effective mobile users is growing every day, the complexity of mobile devices and the complexity of mobile data applications and services are rising. These trends have created significant management challenges for operators, as well as a lot of opportunities. Data services are now an important communication tool for consumer and enterprise users, but it is challenging to extend mobile data services to different mobile devices of different network types. At the same time, this management challenge continues to grow as more complex mobile devices are updated on a daily basis, with several gigabytes of memory, advanced processing power, and expanding mobile data applications and service capabilities.
Mobile device Management (MDM) is the answer to this management challenge, ensuring that all mobile devices connected to the carrier network can deliver high-quality mobile data services. MDM provides support for mobile devices such as GSM, CDMA, and WiMAX.
OMA's OTA (over-the-air)-based device management framework provides a solution for mobile device Management (MDM).

11.OMA (OTA) Device Management method
OMA (OTA) device management uses the push mode defined by the WAP protocol. WAP push is to actively push the information on the Internet to mobile devices such as the user's mobile terminal.

12.WAP Push Mode
WAP Forum (now to the OMG) in 2000 when the WAP1.2 specification, compared to the main content of WAP1.1 is the entire system of WAP push.
The entire WAP framework includes PI (push initiator, the server of the Internet), PPG (push Proxy gateway, usually WAP Gateway), mobile Terminal three parts. The PI to PPG is an HTTP-based PAP (Push Access Protocol) protocol (PPG and PI are HTTP servers), and PPG is the OTA (over-the-air) protocol between the mobile terminals.
The basic process is the information content that the server of the Internet will send, using the XML representation, sent to the WAP gateway through the PAP protocol. There have been a lot of details after the process (billing, SP identification, access control, information content binary compression coding, terminal discovery, terminal capability characteristics Check, terminal address resolution), through the OTA protocol to send content to the mobile phone (under 2.0 specifications with OTA-WSP, More than 2.0 of the specifications with Ota-http).
This is an ideal target, but in the current wireless network deployed by all operators around the world, it is unrealistic to achieve this basic. The second generation wireless network gsm/cdma95a is based on the signaling Circuit exchange communication technology, does not support the IP protocol, can carry on the WAP such data service, needs first on the signaling protocol stack borrows the modem dialing mechanism to encapsulate into the IP/PPP packet. It is impossible for a WAP gateway to find a phone through a signaling network and establish a connection to the WSP session. The second-generation semi-transitional network technology gprs/cdma1.x theoretically allows the mobile phone to be permanently online with a fixed IP address, which is not true. The limited capacity of the air channel, billing management, network capacity and so on are immature, so, mobile terminal to be like a server, receive and deal with the WAP gateway at any time to initiate the active connection request, only wait until the third generation of wireless network technology full popularization of the day.
Because of these limitations, at present, in all parts of the world, all operators and all solution providers are using SMS to carry the OTA side of the push. SMS is transmitted over a signaling channel, and mobile phones that are in network coverage can communicate with each other anytime, anywhere via BTS, BSC, MSC, and SMS Center. Therefore, as such server-to-terminal information transmission carrier, SMS is the most suitable.

13. Push Access Protocol (PAP) (Push access Protocol)
PAP is the communication protocol between PI (server) and PPG (Gateway), which uses XML as the description language of the message and completes the transmission of the data through a simple request-response mechanism. PAP can be implemented on a variety of communication protocols, including HTTP,SMTP. The current version of WAP only gives a specification of PAP using the HTTP mechanism.

14. Push Space Transfer Protocol (P-OTA)
P-ota is a simpler layer of protocol that runs on the WSP and is responsible for data transfer from PPG (Gateway) to mobile devices. P-ota can use both the connection-oriented session (confirmed push) and the non-connected session (connectionless push) of the WSP Layer service, which requires a pre-active session between PPG and the client for push with connection sessions. That is, you need to send a push to receive the confirmation message, and for a push that is not connected, it completes the communication through the reserved port. That is sent out, whether or not to receive it.

15. Example of a PAP message for a bonding HTTP protocol

post/cgi-bin/wap_push.cgi http/1.1
Host:www.wireless-network.com
Date:sun, 1999 18:13:23 GMT
content-type:multipart/related; boundary=asdlfkjiurwghasf;
Type= "Application/xml"
content-length:353
--asdlfkjiurwghasf
Content-type:application/xml
<?xml version= "1.0"?>
<! DOCTYPE pap Public "-//wapforum//dtd pap 2.0//en"
"Http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/pap_2.0.dtd"
[<?wap-pap-ver supported-versions= "2.0,1.*"?>]>
<pap>
.. Control:
</pap>
--asdlfkjiurwghasf
.. Content entity:
--asdlfkjiurwghasf--