My TCP/IP Study Notes

1. What is TCP/IP?

TCP/IP is a communication protocol used by computers connected to the Internet to communicate.

TCP/IP refers to the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

TCP/IP defines how electronic devices (such as computers) are connected to the Internet and how data is transmitted between them.

TCP/IP uses 32 bits or 4 numbers between 0 and 255 to address the computer, for example, 192.168.1.1.

2. What protocols are hidden inside TCP/IP for data communication?
Communication Between TCP (Transport Control Protocol) Applications
Simple communication between UDP (User packet protocol) Applications
Communication between IP (Internet Protocol) Computers
ICMP (Internet message control protocol) for errors and statuses
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) for dynamic addressing

3. How does TCP/IP work?
TCP/IP means that the TCP/IP and the IP work together. TCP is full-duplex communication, and the IP is connectionless.
TCP is responsible for communications between application software and network software.
IP addresses are responsible for communication between computers.
TCP is responsible for dividing and loading data into IP packets, and then re-combining them when they arrive.
The IP address is responsible for sending the package to the recipient.

4. TCP/IP protocol
TCP/IP is a large set of different communication protocols.

Protocol family

TCP/IP is a large set of different communication protocols based on the two original protocols TCP and IP.

TCP-Transmission Control Protocol

TCP is used to control data transmission from applications to networks.

TCP is responsible for dividing data into IP packets before data transmission, and then reorganizing them when they arrive.

IP-Internet Protocol

IP addresses are responsible for communication between computers.

The IP address is responsible for sending and receiving packets over the Internet.

HTTP-Hypertext Transfer Protocol

HTTP is responsible for communication between web servers and web browsers.

HTTP is used to send requests from the Web Client (browser) to the Web server and return content (webpage) from the Web server to the Web Client ).

Https-secure HTTP

HTTPS is responsible for secure communication between web servers and web browsers.

As a representative application, https is used to process credit card transactions and other sensitive data.

SSL-Secure Socket Layer

The SSL protocol is used to encrypt data for secure data transmission.

SMTP-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SMTP is used for email transmission.
Normally, an email is sent to an SMTP server and then to another (or several) server. Then, it is finally sent to its destination.
SMTP uses the mime protocol to send binary data over the TCP/IP network. The mime protocol converts binary data to plain text.

Mime-multi-purpose Internet Mail Extension

The mime protocol enables SMTP to transmit multimedia files over TCP/IP networks, including audio, video, and binary data.

Imap-Internet Message Access Protocol

IMAP is used to store and retrieve emails.
Similar to pop, the IMAP protocol is also used by mail programs.
The main difference between the IMAP protocol and the POP protocol is that if IMAP is connected to the email server, it will not automatically download the email to the email program.
IMAP enables you to view emails on the mail server before downloading them. With IMAP, you can download these emails or simply delete them. For example, you need to access the email server from different locations, but you only want to download the email when you return to the office. IMAP is useful in this case.

Pop-

Pop is used to download emails from the email server to your PC.
If your email program uses pop, once it connects to the email server, all your emails will be downloaded to the email program (or called the mail client ).

FTP-File Transfer Protocol

Ftp transfers files between computers.

NTP-Network Time Protocol

NTP is used to synchronize time (minutes) between computers ).

DHCP-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHCP is used to assign Dynamic IP addresses to computers on the network.

SNMP-Simple Network Management Protocol

SNMP is used to manage computer networks.

LDAP-Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

LDAP is used to collect information about users and email addresses from the Internet.

ICMP-Internet message control protocol

ICMP is responsible for handling errors in the network.

ARP-Address Resolution Protocol

ARP is used to find the hardware address of the IP address-based computer Nic through IP address.

RARP-Reverse Address Resolution Protocol

RARP is used to find the IP address of the computer NIC based on the hardware address through the IP address.

BOOTP-Boot Protocol

BOOTP is used to start (booting) computers from the network.

PPTP-Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol

PPTP is used for connection (Tunnel) between private networks ).