MySQL date plus and minus operations

MySQL Date Type
MySQL Date Type: Date format, occupied storage space, date range comparison.
Date type storage space Date format date range
------------  ---------   --------------------- -----------------------------------------
DateTime 8 bytes Yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS 1000-01-01 00:00:00 ~ 9999-12-31 23:59:59
Timestamp 4 bytes Yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS 1970-01-01 00:00:01 ~ 2038
Date 3 bytes Yyyy-mm-dd 1000-01-01 ~ 9999-12-31
Year 1 bytes YYYY 1901 ~ 2155
When you create a table in MySQL, you can easily choose your own data type against the table above. But the choice of datetime or timestamp, may be a little puzzled. Each of these date and time types has advantages: DateTime has a large date range, and timestamp occupies less storage space, just half of the DateTime.

In addition, columns of the timestamp type have a feature: By default, when the INSERT, update data, the timestamp column is automatically populated/updated with the current time (Current_timestamp). "Automatic" means that you do not care about it, and MySQL will handle it for you.

In general, I prefer to use datetime date types.

MySQL Time Type: Time format, occupied storage space, time range.  
Time type         storage space       time format                   time range  
------------  ---------  -------------------------------------------------------------- 
time            3 bytes   hh:mm:ss               -838:59:59           ~ 838:59:59 
Time range has such a large range, especially when you can take a negative value, a bit strange. Later, read the MySQL manual to know that this is to meet the two date and time subtraction in this design.

Select Timediff (' 2000:01:31 23:59:59 ', ' 2000:01:01 00:00:00 '); --743:59:59
Select Timediff (' 2000:01:01 00:00:00 ', ' 2000:01:31 23:59:59 '); ---743:59:59
Select Timediff (' 23:59:59 ', ' 12:00:00 '); -11:59:59
Note that the two parameters of Timediff can only be datetime/timestamp, time type, and the two parameter types are the same. That is: Datetime/timestamp and datetime/timestamp comparison, time and time.

Although the date and time types in MySQL are rich, unfortunately, currently (2008-08-08) These date-time types can only be supported to the second level, not milliseconds, microseconds. There are no functions that produce milliseconds.

"Mysql:mysql Date data type, MySQL Time type usage Summary" applies to MySQL 5.X and above version.
First, MySQL gets the current date time function
1.1 Get the current date + time (date + times) function: Now ()
Mysql> Select Now ();

+---------------------+
| Now () |
+---------------------+
| 2008-08-08 22:20:46 |
+---------------------+

In addition to the now () function to get the current datetime, MySQL has the following function:
Current_timestamp ()
, Current_timestamp
, LocalTime ()
, localtime
, Localtimestamp--(v4.0.6)
, Localtimestamp ()--(v4.0.6)

These date-time functions are equivalent to now (). Since the now () function is short and easy to remember, it is recommended that you always use now () instead of the functions listed above.
1.2 Get the current date + time (date + times) function: Sysdate ()
The Sysdate () date-time function is similar to now (), except that it is obtained at the execution start value, and sysdate () dynamically gets the value when the function executes. See the following example to understand:
Mysql> Select Now (), Sleep (3), now ();

+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
| Now () | Sleep (3) | Now () |
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
| 2008-08-08 22:28:21 | 0 | 2008-08-08 22:28:21 |
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+

Mysql> Select Sysdate (), Sleep (3), sysdate ();

+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
| Sysdate () | Sleep (3) | Sysdate () |
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
| 2008-08-08 22:28:41 | 0 | 2008-08-08 22:28:44 |
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+

As you can see, the time value of the now () function two times is the same, although sleep is 3 seconds in the middle, and the time value of the sysdate () function is 3 seconds apart from two. In MySQL Manual, this describes Sysdate (): Return the time at which the function executes.
Sysdate () Date-time functions, which are rarely used under normal circumstances.
2. Get the current date (date) function: Curdate ()
Mysql> select Curdate ();

+------------+
| Curdate () |
+------------+
| 2008-08-08 |
+------------+

Where the following two date functions are equivalent to Curdate ():
Current_date ()
, current_date

3. Get the current time function: Curtime ()
Mysql> select Curtime ();

+-----------+
| Curtime () |
+-----------+
| 22:41:30 |
+-----------+

Where the following two time functions are equivalent to Curtime ():
Current_time ()
, Current_time

4. Get the current UTC datetime function: Utc_date (), Utc_time (), Utc_timestamp ()
Mysql> Select Utc_timestamp (), Utc_date (), Utc_time (), now ()

+---------------------+------------+------------+---------------------+
| Utc_timestamp () | Utc_date () | Utc_time () | Now () |
+---------------------+------------+------------+---------------------+
| 2008-08-08 14:47:11 | 2008-08-08 | 14:47:11 | 2008-08-08 22:47:11 |
+---------------------+------------+------------+---------------------+

Because our country is located in the East Eight time zone, local time = UTC time + 8 hour. UTC time is useful when the business involves multiple countries and regions.

Second, MySQL date time Extract (select) function.
1. Select each part of the DateTime: Date, time, year, quarter, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond
Set @dt = ' 2008-09-10 07:15:30.123456 ';

Select Date (@dt); -2008-09-10
Select time (@dt); --07:15:30.123456
Select year (@dt); --2008
Select quarter (@dt); --3
Select Month (@dt); --9
Select Week (@dt); --36
Select Day (@dt); --10
Select Hour (@dt); --7
Select minute (@dt); --15
Select second (@dt); --30
Select Microsecond (@dt); --123456

2. MySQL Extract () function, you can implement similar functions above:
Set @dt = ' 2008-09-10 07:15:30.123456 ';

Select Extract (year from @dt); --2008
Select Extract (quarter from @dt); --3
Select Extract (month from @dt); --9
Select Extract (week from @dt); --36
Select Extract (Day from @dt); --10
Select Extract (hour from @dt); --7
Select extract (minute from @dt); --15
Select Extract (second from @dt); --30
Select Extract (microsecond from @dt); --123456

Select Extract (Year_month from @dt); --200809
Select Extract (Day_hour from @dt); --1007
Select Extract (Day_minute from @dt); --100715
Select Extract (Day_second from @dt); --10071530
Select Extract (Day_microsecond from @dt); --10071530123456
Select Extract (Hour_minute from @dt); --715
Select Extract (Hour_second from @dt); --71530
Select Extract (Hour_microsecond from @dt); --71530123456
Select Extract (Minute_second from @dt); --1530
Select Extract (Minute_microsecond from @dt); --1530123456
Select Extract (Second_microsecond from @dt); --30123456

The MySQL Extract () function has no function other than date (), Time (), and all other functions one should. And also has the choice ' day_microsecond ' and so on function. Note that this is not just the day and the microsecond, but the part of the date that has been selected to the Microsecond section. It's tough enough!
The only downside to the MySQL Extract () function is that you need to hit the keyboard a few more times.
3. MySQL dayof ... Function: DayOfWeek (), DayOfMonth (), DayOfYear ()
Returns the position of the date parameter, in one week, month, year, respectively.
Set @dt = ' 2008-08-08 ';

Select DayOfWeek (@dt); --6
Select DayOfMonth (@dt); --8
Select DayOfYear (@dt); --221

The date ' 2008-08-08 ' is the 6th day of the week (1 = Sunday, 2 = Monday, ..., 7 = Saturday), the 8th day of January, and the No. 221 day of the year.
4. MySQL Week ... Functions: Week (), WeekOfYear (), DayOfWeek (), Weekday (), Yearweek ()
Set @dt = ' 2008-08-08 ';

Select Week (@dt); --31
Select Week (@dt, 3); --32
Select WeekOfYear (@dt); --32

Select DayOfWeek (@dt); --6
Select Weekday (@dt); --4

Select Yearweek (@dt); --200831

MySQL week () function, can have two parameters, specific to see the manual. WeekOfYear () and week () are calculated as "one day" in the first week of the year. WeekOfYear (@dt) is equivalent to week (@dt, 3).
The MySQL Weekday () function, like DayOfWeek (), returns the position of "one day" in a week. The difference is in reference to the standard, weekday: (0 = Monday, 1 = Tuesday, ..., 6 = Sunday); DayOfWeek: (1 = Sunday, 2 = Monday, ..., 7 = Saturday)
MySQL Yearweek () function, returns the year (+) + Week position (31).
5. MySQL returns the week and month name functions: Dayname (), MonthName ()
Set @dt = ' 2008-08-08 ';

Select Dayname (@dt); --Friday
Select MonthName (@dt); --August

Think, how to return the name of Chinese?
6. MySQL Last_day () function: Returns the last day of the month.
Select Last_day (' 2008-02-01 '); -2008-02-29
Select Last_day (' 2008-08-08 '); -2008-08-31

The MySQL Last_day () function is useful, for example, I want to get the number of days in the current month, which can be calculated as follows:
Mysql> Select Now (), Day (Last_day (today)) as days;

+---------------------+------+
| Now () | Days |
+---------------------+------+
| 2008-08-09 11:45:45 | 31 |
+---------------------+------+

Third, MySQL date time calculation function
1. MySQL adds a time interval for the date: Date_add ()
Set @dt = Now ();

Select Date_add (@dt, Interval 1 day); --Add 1 day
Select Date_add (@dt, interval 1 hour); --Add 1 hour
Select Date_add (@dt, interval 1 minute); -- ...
Select Date_add (@dt, Interval 1 second);
Select Date_add (@dt, interval 1 microsecond);
Select Date_add (@dt, Interval 1 week);
Select Date_add (@dt, interval 1 month);
Select Date_add (@dt, interval 1 quarter);
Select Date_add (@dt, interval 1 year);

Select Date_add (@dt, Interval-1 Day); --SUB 1 day

MySQL adddate (), Addtime () function, can be replaced with Date_add (). The following is an example of the date_add () implementation of the Addtime () feature:
mysql> Set @dt = ' 2008-08-09 12:12:33 ';

Mysql>
Mysql> Select Date_add (@dt, Interval ' 01:15:30 ' Hour_second);

+------------------------------------------------+
| Date_add (@dt, Interval ' 01:15:30 ' Hour_second) |
+------------------------------------------------+
| 2008-08-09 13:28:03 |
+------------------------------------------------+

Mysql> Select Date_add (@dt, Interval ' 1 01:15:30 ' Day_second);

+-------------------------------------------------+
| Date_add (@dt, Interval ' 1 01:15:30 ' Day_second) |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 2008-08-10 13:28:03 |
+-------------------------------------------------+

The Date_add () function adds "1 hours, 15 minutes, 30 seconds" and "1 days, 1 hours, 15 minutes, 30 seconds" for @dt respectively. Recommendation: Always use the Date_add () date-time function instead of adddate (), Addtime ().
2. MySQL for date minus one time interval: Date_sub ()
Mysql> Select Date_sub (' 1998-01-01 00:00:00 ', interval ' 1 1:1:1 ' Day_second);

+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Date_sub (' 1998-01-01 00:00:00 ', interval ' 1 1:1:1 ' Day_second) |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1997-12-30 22:58:59 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+

MySQL date_sub () datetime functions and Date_add () are used in a consistent, no-repeat. In addition, MySQL also has two functions subdate (), Subtime (), recommended, with Date_sub () to replace.
3. MySQL Alternative Date function: Period_add (p,n), Period_diff (P1,P2)
The format of the function parameter "P" is "yyyymm" or "yymm", and the second parameter "n" means increment or subtract N month (month).
MySQL Period_add (p,n): Date plus/minus N months.
Mysql> Select Period_add (200808,2), Period_add (20080808,-2)

+----------------------+-------------------------+
| Period_add (200808,2) | Period_add (20080808,-2) |
+----------------------+-------------------------+
| 200810 | 20080806 |
+----------------------+-------------------------+

MySQL Period_diff (P1,P2): Date p1-p2, returns N months.
Mysql> Select Period_diff (200808, 200801);

+-----------------------------+
| Period_diff (200808, 200801) |
+-----------------------------+
| 7 |
+-----------------------------+

In MySQL, these two date functions are rarely used under normal circumstances.
4. MySQL date, time subtraction function: DateDiff (DATE1,DATE2), Timediff (time1,time2)
MySQL DateDiff (DATE1,DATE2): Two date subtraction Date1-date2, returns the number of days.
Select DateDiff (' 2008-08-08 ', ' 2008-08-01 '); --7
Select DateDiff (' 2008-08-01 ', ' 2008-08-08 '); ---7

MySQL Timediff (time1,time2): Two date subtraction time1-time2, returns the time difference value.
Select Timediff (' 2008-08-08 08:08:08 ', ' 2008-08-08 00:00:00 '); -08:08:08
Select Timediff (' 08:08:08 ', ' 00:00:00 '); -08:08:08

Note: the Timediff (time1,time2) function must have the same two parameter types.

Four, MySQL date conversion function, time conversion function
1. MySQL (time, seconds) conversion function: Time_to_sec (times), sec_to_time (seconds)
Select Time_to_sec (' 01:00:05 '); --3605
Select Sec_to_time (3605); --' 01:00:05 '

2. MySQL (date, day) conversion functions: to_days (date), From_days (days)
Select To_days (' 0000-00-00 '); --0
Select To_days (' 2008-08-08 '); --733627

Select From_days (0); --' 0000-00-00 '
Select From_days (733627); --' 2008-08-08 '

3. MySQL str to date (string conversion to date) function: Str_to_date (str, format)
Select Str_to_date (' 08/09/2008 ', '%m/%d/%y '); -2008-08-09
Select Str_to_date (' 08/09/08 ', '%m/%d/%y '); -2008-08-09
Select Str_to_date (' 08.09.2008 ', '%m.%d.%y '); -2008-08-09
Select Str_to_date (' 08:09:30 ', '%h:%i:%s '); -08:09:30
Select Str_to_date (' 08.09.2008 08:09:30 ', '%m.%d.%y%h:%i:%s '); --2008-08-09 08:09:30

As you can see, the Str_to_date (Str,format) conversion function allows you to convert some disorganized strings into a date format. In addition, it can also be converted to time. "Format" can be see the MySQL manual.
4. MySQL Date/time to STR (date/time converted to string) function: Date_format (Date,format), Time_format (Time,format)
Mysql> Select Date_format (' 2008-08-08 22:23:00 ', '%W%M%Y ');

+------------------------------------------------+
| Date_format (' 2008-08-08 22:23:00 ', '%W%M%Y ') |
+------------------------------------------------+
| Friday August 2008 |
+------------------------------------------------+

Mysql> Select Date_format (' 2008-08-08 22:23:01 ', '%y%m%d%h%i%s ');

+----------------------------------------------------+
| Date_format (' 2008-08-08 22:23:01 ', '%y%m%d%h%i%s ') |
+----------------------------------------------------+
| 20080808222301 |
+----------------------------------------------------+

Mysql> Select Time_format (' 22:23:01 ', '%h.%i.%s ');

+-------------------------------------+
| Time_format (' 22:23:01 ', '%h.%i.%s ') |
+-------------------------------------+
| 22.23.01 |
+-------------------------------------+

MySQL date, time conversion function: Date_format (Date,format), Time_format (Time,format) is able to convert a date/time into a variety of string formats. It is an inverse conversion of the str_to_date (Str,format) function.
5. MySQL gets the national region time Format function: Get_format ()
MySQL Get_format () syntax:
Get_format (Date|time|datetime, ' EUR ' | ' USA ' | ' JIS ' | ' ISO ' | ' Internal

All examples of

MySQL Get_format () Usage:
Select Get_format (date, ' USA ');--'%m.%d.%y '
Select Get_format (date, ' JIS ');--'% y-%m-%d '
Select Get_format (date, ' ISO ');--'%y-%m-%d '
Select Get_format (date, ' EUR ');--'%d.%m.%y '
Select Get_format (date, ' internal '); --'%y%m%d '
Select Get_format (datetime, ' USA ');--'%y-%m-%d%h.%i.%s '
Select Get_format (datetime, ' JIS ');--'%y- %m-%d%h:%i:%s '
Select Get_format (datetime, ' ISO ');--'%y-%m-%d%h:%i:%s '
Select Get_format (DateTime, ' EUR ');-- '%y-%m-%d%h.%i.%s '
Select Get_format (datetime, ' internal ');--'%y%m%d%h%i%s '
Select Get_format (Time, ' USA ');- -'%h:%i:%s%p '
Select Get_format (Time, ' JIS ');--'%h:%i:%s '
Select Get_format (time, ' ISO ');--'%h:%i:%s '
Select Get_format (Time, ' EUR '); --'%h.%i.%s '
Select Get_format (Time, ' internal ');--'%h%i%s '

The MySQL Get_format () function uses less opportunity in practice.
6. MySQL Patchwork Date, time function: Makdedate (year,dayofyear), Maketime (Hour,minute,second)
Select Makedate (2001,31); --' 2001-01-31 '
Select Makedate (2001,32); --' 2001-02-01 '

Select Maketime (12,15,30); --' 12:15:30 '

V. MySQL timestamp (Timestamp) function
1. MySQL Gets the current timestamp function: Current_timestamp, Current_timestamp ()
Mysql> Select Current_timestamp, Current_timestamp ();

+---------------------+---------------------+
| Current_timestamp | Current_timestamp () |
+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2008-08-09 23:22:24 | 2008-08-09 23:22:24 |
+---------------------+---------------------+

2. MySQL (Unix timestamp, date) conversion function:
Unix_timestamp (),
Unix_timestamp (date),
From_unixtime (Unix_timestamp),
From_unixtime (Unix_timestamp,format)

Here's an example:
Select Unix_timestamp (); --1218290027
Select Unix_timestamp (' 2008-08-08 '); --1218124800
Select Unix_timestamp (' 2008-08-08 12:30:00 '); --1218169800

Select From_unixtime (1218290027); --' 2008-08-09 21:53:47 '
Select From_unixtime (1218124800); --' 2008-08-08 00:00:00 '
Select From_unixtime (1218169800); --' 2008-08-08 12:30:00 '

Select From_unixtime (1218169800, '%Y%d%M%h:%i:%s%x '); --' 8th August 12:30:00 2008 '

3. MySQL timestamp (timestamp) conversion, increment, decrement function:
Timestamp (date)--date to timestamp
Timestamp (dt,time)--DT + Time
Timestampadd (unit,interval,datetime_expr)--
Timestampdiff (UNIT,DATETIME_EXPR1,DATETIME_EXPR2)--

Take a look at the Example section:
Select timestamp (' 2008-08-08 '); --2008-08-08 00:00:00
Select Timestamp (' 2008-08-08 08:00:00 ', ' 01:01:01 '); --2008-08-08 09:01:01
Select Timestamp (' 2008-08-08 08:00:00 ', ' 10 01:01:01 '); --2008-08-18 09:01:01

Select Timestampadd (Day, 1, ' 2008-08-08 08:00:00 '); --2008-08-09 08:00:00
Select Date_add (' 2008-08-08 08:00:00 ', Interval 1 day); --2008-08-09 08:00:00

The MySQL Timestampadd () function is similar to Date_add ().
Select Timestampdiff (year, ' 2002-05-01 ', ' 2001-01-01 '); ---1
Select Timestampdiff (Day, ' 2002-05-01 ', ' 2001-01-01 '); ---485
Select Timestampdiff (Hour, ' 2008-08-08 12:00:00 ', ' 2008-08-08 00:00:00 '); ---12

Select DateDiff (' 2008-08-08 12:00:00 ', ' 2008-08-01 00:00:00 '); --7

The MySQL Timestampdiff () function is much stronger than the DateDiff () function, and DateDiff () can only calculate the number of days between two dates (date).

Six, MySQL time zone (timezone) conversion function
Convert_tz (Dt,from_tz,to_tz)

Select Convert_tz (' 2008-08-08-12:00:00 ', ' +08:00 ', ' +00:00 '); --2008-08-08 04:00:00

Time zone conversions can also be achieved by Date_add, Date_sub, Timestampadd.
Select Date_add (' 2008-08-08 12:00:00 ', Interval-8 hour); --2008-08-08 04:00:00
Select Date_sub (' 2008-08-08 12:00:00 ', Interval 8 hour); --2008-08-08 04:00:00

Select To_days (str_to_date (' 12/1/2001 12:00:00 AM ', '%m/%d/%y '))-
To_days (Str_to_date (' 11/28/2001 12:00:00 AM ', '%m/%d/%y ')) as a from table1

Original address:

Http://www.cnblogs.com/zhongchi/archive/2010/05/04/1727096.html