Network Equipment Maintenance Skills

Whether it is a LAN, a metropolitan area network or a wide area network, it is usually made up of networking devices and transmission media, such as NIC, hub, switch, router, cable, RJ45 connector, etc. As the scale of the network continues to expand, the number of devices that make up the network is expanding rapidly, equipment varieties are also constantly refurbished, if the day-to-day maintenance of these equipment, not regularly to their maintenance, days long will cause a lot of inexplicable faults, and these faults are hidden high, not easy to find, let you headache unceasingly. If you encounter a sudden situation, such as thunder and lightning, if you do not usually do enough protection measures, you may immediately reimburse your equipment.

The so-called: "Usually do not burn incense, cramming", wait until network performance drops, network service terminates, you have to rush to detect each network equipment in a hurry, this will consume a lot of manpower, material resources, and very difficult in a short time accurate position affects performance, service equipment failure, light delay work of normal conduct, Heavy will cause equipment damage, causing significant losses, so, the day-to-day maintenance of network equipment is a key point that can not be neglected.

As the saying goes: "Prevention in the Bud", network equipment, such as the organs of all parts of our body, all organs of health and normal our body to the Qi Huoxue. As well as the network, only the network card, hub, switch, router, network cable, RJ45 connectors and other networks connected equipment and transport media normal operation, the net will be unimpeded. We know by doing exercise, pay attention to health, safety, regular physical examination to maintain their physique, then network equipment should be how to maintain it? I think that the protection of power, lightning, anti-static, dust-proof, electromagnetic interference, moisture-proof and so on measures is one can not be less.

(i) Anti-power

In the current situation of low power supply, electricity to the enterprise implementation of power rationing is a common phenomenon, and the supply process due to the lack of voltage will also occur when the intermittent, power suddenly high and low (voltage is low, such as less than 150V, or too high, such as higher than 260V) of the instability problem, And because the power supply is often unstable will result in LAN routers, switches, servers and other types of equipment can not be continuously normal work, light has affected the quality of the Internet, so long as it will greatly shorten the life of the equipment. Therefore, to ensure the "health" of network equipment, they will be equipped with a good performance and stable ups power system. UPS power can solve the power grid exist, such as: power outages, lightning spikes, surges, frequency shocks, voltage mutations, voltage fluctuations, frequency drift, voltage drop, pulse interference and so on, and sophisticated network equipment is not allowed to intermittent power, so the server, large switches, The router is the core of the network Center to be equipped with UPS is self-evident.

The protection of network equipment God ups easy to use but also relatively fragile, scientific maintenance and maintenance will prolong the life of UPS. Maintenance methods include: As far as possible not to connect the electrical inductive load. Should not be full load or excessive light load, the long-term full load state will directly affect the UPS life, in general, the online UPS load should be controlled in 70%~80%, and the backup of the UPS load should be controlled in 60%~70%. In addition to protect the battery, although the surface of it does not need maintenance, but poor care, the same will be wrong, the battery is required to work in the 0~30℃ environment, 25 ℃ the highest efficiency. Therefore, in winter and summer must pay attention to UPS working environment, high temperature will shorten the battery life, temperature is low, will not reach the nominal delay. In addition to regular maintenance, if the local long-term without power outages, must be regularly three months of artificial interruption of power supply, so that ups with load discharge. Finally, the UPS should be placed in a good ventilation and cooling place.

(b) Lightning Protection

Multi-mined areas in China is not uncommon, taking Guangzhou as an example, the annual average thunderstorm weather can reach 80.3 times, so because of lightning damage to enterprises and internet cafes owners a lot. According to Qno, a technology engineer, 30% of all network equipment failures are related to lightning strikes. Now overhead access to a variety of building data transmission lines (such as power lines, electrical cords, signal lines, cable, telephone lines, etc.) for a long period of exposure distributed in the protection of lightning devices outside the scope, very vulnerable to the intrusion of lightning. If not enough lightning protection measures, the loss of network equipment hit by lightning will often be very heavy, may directly cause the server, switches, hub and network card equipment such as the burning and the long period of internet paralysis. Sometimes the voltage caused by lightning strikes is not enough to hit a network device at a time, even if there is no network failure, but over the past pressure impact network equipment, it is easy to cause the aging of network equipment parts, so that the network equipment service life dropped dramatically, and the old equipment more vulnerable to damage, seriously affecting the stability of the network performance.
The Lightning protection method of network equipment is to do well the grounding device of equipment and to install an effective lightning protective system. The first thing to do is the safety of network equipment grounding, but also to use wireless AP as a signal bridge to reduce exposure. In addition, the Network Lightning protection system is broadly divided into power lightning and network Lightning Protector, respectively, to protect the network power and network signaling systems. For the protection of High-precision network equipment, the need for their power input to set the power of the Lightning protector, this can be along the power line hit the Lightning overvoltage intrusion wave protection outside. And the network Lightning Protection device is broadly divided into air gap and semiconductor type, the current market in the network of lightning protection devices to use a combination of different components into the three-level approach, the first stage by the flow of the gas discharge tube for primary protection to reduce residual pressure and most of the lightning discharge into the Earth The second stage adopts decoupling resistor or PTC to carry out the delay and partial pressure to meet the characteristic requirements of the first to third stage components, and the third stage adopts TVs for fine protection to further reduce the residual pressure and make it meet the safety voltage requirements of the equipment. For example: US (JaRa) 3207 Terminal Equipment Lightning protection device, ping-yu sj05ff4h into the layer of lightning Protection, Leixun (ASP) RJ45-XE series Backbone Lightning protection devices are a good choice.

(iii) Anti-static

We all know that electrostatic discharge (electrostatic discharge,esd) is very easy to cause the computer and peripherals hardware damage, so, network equipment is also difficult to escape static fate. Static electricity is ubiquitous, the above mentioned natural thunder and lightning is a typical ESD phenomenon in strong convection climate, but the daily life of the ESD phenomenon also occurs frequently. With the progress of network equipment chip technology, the speed and function of the chip can be improved, but the chip becomes more fragile. A not too high ESD voltage can penetrate the transistor, a not too large ESD current can fuse the connection. Since static electricity is the invisible killer of the network equipment, then, everybody usually must carry on the effective maintenance and the maintenance to the network equipment, and must take the correct precaution measure.

(1) Each part of the network equipment should maintain good contact, to have a reliable grounding. Key equipment that is susceptible to ESD should be shielded and quarantined at its periphery.

(2) The northern region in the autumn and winter season should use humidifier, to maintain a certain humidity indoor air, to prevent static electricity in the equipment, furniture and physical accumulation.

(3) The need to open equipment for maintenance, the standard practice is to wear anti-static gloves, but for the vast number of ordinary users, you can cut off the power, and put your hand on the wall or water pipe for a while, to let go of their own static electricity.

I have encountered such a case, is due to static electricity caused by the loss of router settings parameters. The author of the company's local area network, using ADSL PPPoE way to access, using routers to share the Internet, and all computers through the switch to connect the router, the use of nearly two years, has been behaving normally, but after the winter has always been the router set parameters lost caused by the failure of Internet access, Zocha right Later found that all the network equipment are placed in a place, and the computer cable staggered put together, so immediately alert may be the bane of electrostatic, immediately put the router and switch to one side, after the power off clean, fixed installation, fault resolution.

(iv) Dust protection

Dust, the extent of its harm is not to be underestimated. Therefore, routers, switches and other network equipment dust removal Kungfu is also very important, if the dust is too much, clean dust is not very timely, your network will appear some strange fault, serious even burn the chip inside the device. If you think the author said to the router, switch harm is "alarmist", then you believe the network card. When the computer is working, it will produce a certain electrostatic field, magnetic field, coupled with power and CPU fan operation generated suction, will suspend the dust particles in the air into the chassis and stranded in the host, video card and network card. If you do not regularly clean up, dust will accumulate more, serious, even make the insulation performance of the circuit board drop, lead to short-circuit, contact bad, mildew, resulting in hardware failure. Therefore, the chassis should be regularly opened, with a clean soft cloth, not easy to remove hair brush, blow balloons and other tools to carry out the chassis components, including the card to dust.

If the network card has not been cleaned for a long time, too much dust, combined with air humidity, will lead to the chip on the network card on a short circuit, and the motherboard can not be very good data exchange, there will be a lot of strange network problems, serious will be reimbursed network card. In addition, other network equipment is the same, to frequent dust, such as Crystal Head, routing, switch interface and so easy to "hide inquiry" places to pay more attention to maintenance. If you want to remove the router, switch panel dust, can be used damp soft cloth and neutral high concentration of lotion to wipe, wipe after wiping with clean water, residue on top of the lotion to help isolate the dust, the next cleaning only with a wet towel to wipe it.

(v) Electromagnetic interference prevention

The data in the network cable transmission, is to be affected by many aspects, electromagnetic interference is the main aspect, so when we are wiring the cable should avoid electromagnetic interference zone. Cloth after the line also to carry out maintenance, in addition to not often to the cable for bending pull and the use of heavy weight outside, such as motor, speakers and radio transceiver devices, such as also to distance from the network cable and networking equipment, to ensure that the network signal will not be immune from external radiation. Also, the internal network card interference in the computer situation will often appear, because the network card and video card because of too close to the interference will also occur. When the interference is not serious, the network card can barely work, the data communication quantity is not very often when the user does not feel, but in the large amount of data communication, under the WINDOWS98 will appear "network resources insufficient" prompts, causing machine crash phenomenon.

I have a friend, the home after the installation of ADSL, Internet speed is much faster but very unstable, and often drop the line. Has reinstalled the operating system, and replaced the network card and other devices, as well as the elimination of possible software problems, but the situation is not improved. Then one day at noon, a friend found that the speed of the network suddenly had a big increase, and did not fall off the line, but in the evening again the old look. After careful examination of the line, found that the original line with a transformer at noon when there is no work. It seems that the transformer caused by the interference caused by the problem. So the outside of the line circuitous extension, around the transformer, but also the use of super shielding function of the super five-type shielded twisted-pair, the result of the problem solved, the speed of the Internet is very stable.

(vi) Moisture dissipation

Because the routers, switches, hubs and other network devices are made up of a lot of tight electronic components, so be sure to put them in a dry place to prevent the damp caused by the circuit short-circuit. In particular, the network cable and telephone lines, in the wet environment in the crystal joints easily moldy, oxidation, resulting in poor contact, resulting in lower speed of the Internet. In addition, because the network equipment in the operation of the chip will emit a lot of heat, if it is not distributed in time, it may lead to overheating the chip, work abnormalities, so it is best to place routers, switches, hubs and so on in a cool ventilated place. I have a friend mm, a year to night to cover a piece of decorative cloth router, asked why it did so, "beauty of its name Yue" dust-proof. There is a friend, and that mm opposite, extremely messy, on the desktop a lot of books, sundries and so on, the router surrounded by thick thorough, route to get some air is also difficult ah!

Summarize:

In fact, the maintenance of network equipment and a lot of it products are the same, the above mentioned six precautions must be noted. Of course, there are other details that are not mentioned above, such as rodent control, waterproof, fall prevention, etc. However, overall, as long as we usually stay a few more heart, diligent a little, good care and maintenance of these network equipment, you can for your home, your company, your Internet Café network system of normal operation to provide protection.