Novice knows Linux system

A typical Linux distribution contains a Linux kernel, but it also contains many applications and tools. In general, many of the system-level and user-level tools that appear in the Linux distribution come from the GNU project of the Free Software Foundation (GNU is "Software"). What is Linux?

In the simplest words, Linux is an operating system. It is a University of Helsinki student Linus Torvalds (Linux is Linus's acronym for UNIX) created in October 1991. Linux itself is actually its kernel; it implements multitasking and multi-user functionality, manages hardware, allocates memory, and enables applications to run.

For any operating system, the average user is not interested enough to understand something like the inner details of the kernel. Only those who are genuinely committed to it-those who give up their personal lives or who are employed to do the work-are willing to explore these complex things.

But even if you never delve into the kernel in person, don't worry, you can easily hire a contractor or company to do the work for you, and it is often difficult and expensive to make such modifications to a proprietary system.

For starters, the most important thing to remember about the kernel is that an odd kernel version (that is, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, and so on) is an experimental development version of the kernel. The version number of the stable release kernel is even (that is, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, and so on).

A typical Linux distribution contains a Linux kernel, but it also contains many applications and tools. In general, many of the system-level and user-level tools that appear in the Linux distribution come from the GNU project of the Free Software Foundation (GNU is "Software").

Both the Linux kernel and the GNU Tool Suite are distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) under the GNU Common License,gnu. If you're not familiar with the GNU GPL, the best way to understand it is to read it. At the risk of missing some important aspect, I generalize the GNU GPL: It is a way to make computer code free to use and experiment with its code.

What is the difference between UNIX and Linux?

UNIX (this name originated from the previous "Multics" operating system) was created in the At&t Bell Lab in 1969 and is a robust, flexible, and developer-friendly computing environment. Although UNIX was originally written for the PDP series of Digital equipment Corporation (DEC), it became the most popular multi-user general-purpose operating system and has been dominant in all fields of computing-even the domain that once was a mainframe monopoly.

After more than more than 20 years of development, UNIX has begun--at least in some areas--to be overtaken by Linux. Linux is not Unix; it's just a lot like Unix. For some tasks, you need to linux― you still need UNIX for other tasks. UNIX and Linux can work very harmoniously together, and well written programs can be easily ported between the two systems. For more information about UNIX at IBM (Unix at IBM), see some of the following sites.

Why is Linux important?

Because it is free software, through the GNU general Public License, Linux makes it unnecessary for programmers to continually redesign the operating layer every time they develop new projects. For example, GNU's series of tools are like royalty-free bricks and mortar that you can use to build separate projects. Critics of free software often worry that free software and low costs will lead to an economic catastrophe in the computing industry. However, the impact of free software on computing is just like the Gutenberg of Gutenberg's printing presses on the word world.

what can I do with Linux?

What you want to do with the Linux system will determine what kind of Linux system you want and how much you want to understand before you start using the system.

Linux is an excellent learning platform for kernel research, UNIX, or learning programming, and there are many tools and applications that can be used to play games, do desktop publishing, or just idle around to email and browse the Web.

It is also an excellent platform for open and closed production systems, as it is freely customizable to the fullest extent possible. Linux can serve as a platform for various things, from middleware to embedded computing and clustering, from parallel supercomputers to gadgets. IBM has been involved in the project of manufacturing registers that run on Linux, and in making Linux watches. Other developers have used Linux on mobile phones, Sony PlayStation, TiVo and Sharp Zaurus.

Although the GNU general Public License requires that the modified code be published to customers who use the code, it does not require that all the modified code be published to the public (a key point that some free software critics have not grasped). Indeed, for Linux-based registers, publishing code to the public is an entirely risky security issue. The GNU GPL only requires customers with code to obtain the modified code.

How do I start learning Linux?

If you don't know Linux at all, or if you're using Linux as your desktop operating system, you need to learn a little bit about the basics of system management and security. Unlike commercial personal operating systems that attempt to automate these tasks, Linux does not promise hands-on help, nor does it promise to do some cleanup behind you: You must manage your system yourself. Fortunately, basic maintenance and basic security are simple. In many ways, today's Linux and UNIX management is much easier to manage than the popular commercial personal operating system, because the former is more transparent.

Although Linux does have several window environments that allow you to perform management, the most straightforward way to control your system is to use the command line. Built in the command line environment architecture is a large number of commands and a text-based Help system.

On the Web, in the real world, there are many resources to help you get started with Linux. There are a number of sites, articles, and books dedicated to this topic, and the Linux user groups (Linux users Groups, also known as Lug) meet in various countries and cities of the world--as is well known, they are also very friendly to new users.

How do I use Linux in application development?

Linux is the perfect choice as a programming platform. It complies with GCC, which means that you can use the GNU project's excellent programming and debugging kit--absolutely free, and enjoy all the freedoms guaranteed by the GNU GPL. Commercial programming packages, like commercial operating systems, cost a lot of money. Yes, some projects often need them and they are worth it, but for beginners or programmers-and some professionals-free software is absolutely irreplaceable. If you are using Linux as your development platform, do not skip the first step of learning management and security. Programmers who can't master their own computers are really stupid.

Linux is born with standards. The areas that Linux developers often attach great importance to are the openness, interoperability, and compliance of the operating layer and the applications built above.

What programming languages can I use on Linux?

In addition to traditional programming languages, such as Fortran and C + +, many scripts and other computer languages can operate on Linux (even the most harmonious work with Linux). The most popular programming languages include Perl, Python, PHP, and TCL.

New and evolving technologies like Java technology and XML can run smoothly on Linux, as are many other, more esoteric programming languages (from logos and Rebol to Smalltalk and other languages).

What is the relationship between Web services and Linux?

Web developers have a number of choices when deciding what technologies are the basis for their e-business applications. Because Linux complies with standards, many new technologies--from open results like Java technology and XML to cutting-edge services such as voice applications, wireless, pervasive computing, and even WEB services--support Linux.

How can you further improve your skills?

If you want to use Linux as a platform for very advanced applications or application sets, you will be interested in certain areas of the system, such as kernel research, differences in file systems, and other basic details.

Another set of skills that high-end applications (or games) require is tuning Linux machines, clusters, or networks for optimal performance. This requires mastering multiple processing, threading technology, clustering, and other arcane and complex systems management knowledge. Understanding these aspects of Linux is not as courageous as the actual kernel research, but it can be very difficult.

How do I prove I have Linux skills (Linux certification)? What is the future of Linux?

The openness and flexibility of Linux has enabled it to be used in laboratories and other research institutions to the forefront of innovative technological change. IBM's research covers all areas of information technology, from physics and cognitive science to cutting-edge application research. But IBM researchers (in many cases) also involve pure science. Like other organizations, IBM often uses Linux on these occasions.

For highly innovative experiments or prototypes, simulations, or tests, you can easily cluster or customize Linux, or you can use a large number of free software tools in the same innovative way (to create Linux for the use of these tools). Even with all the exciting new technologies now being developed-from grid computing and wireless voice applications to artificial intelligence and quantum computing-the potential and prospects of our computing age remain far from being fully exploited. Linux's robust and open flexibility means it will be at the forefront of the development front for many years to come.