FreeBSD documentation project
FreeBSD Chinese plan
Copyright 1995,199 6, 1997,199 8, 1999,200 0, 2001,200 2, 2003,200 4, 2005,200 6, 2007,200 8, 2009 The FreeBSD documentation project
Copyright 2003,200 4, 2005,200 6, 2007,200 8, 2009 FreeBSD Chinese plan
Welcome to FreeBSD! This Manual applies to installationFreeBSD 6.4-releaseAndFreeBSD 7.1-releaseAnd their daily use. This manual is currently composed of many peopleContinuousMaintenance. The content must be constantly updated. If you are interested in this project, please send an email to the FreeBSD document plan email list. The latest original English version of this document can be obtained from the FreeBSD web site (earlier versions of this manual can be found in http://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc ), the latest translations maintained by FreeBSD Chinese plan can be obtained at the FreeBSD Chinese plan snapshot web site and FreeBSD Chinese plan document snapshot, which will be continuously synchronized to the main site. In addition, you can obtain the various formats and compressed versions of this document from FreeBSD's FTP server or many image sites. If you prefer a printed version of the manual, you can purchase it from FreeBSD Mall. You can also search for manuals.
[Unit mode/complete mode]
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Directory
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Preface
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Part I. Start
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Chapter 2 Introduction
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1.1 Overview
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1.2 welcome to FreeBSD!
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1.3 FreeBSD Project
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Chapter 4 install FreeBSD
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2.1 Overview
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2.2 hardware requirements
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2.3 preparations before installation
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2.4 Installation started
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2.5 sysinstall
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2.6 allocate disk space
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2.7 select the software package to install
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2.8 select the installation media you want to use
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2.9 installation confirmation
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2.10 configuration after installation
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2.11 FAQs
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2.12 advanced Installation Guide
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2.13 prepare your own installation media
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Chapter 2 UNIX Basics
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3.1 Overview
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3.2 virtual console and terminal
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3.3 Permissions
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3.4 directory Architecture
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3.5 disk Organization
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3.6 mount and detach a File System
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Process 3.7
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3.8 daemon process, signal and kill Process
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3.9 Shells
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3.10 Text Editor
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3.11 devices and device nodes
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3.12 binary file format
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3.13 get more information
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Chapter 4 install applications: packages and ports
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4.1 Overview
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4.2 software installation Preview
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4.3 find the application you want
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4.4 use the package system
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4.5 Use ports collection
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4.6 what should I do after installation?
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4.7 how to handle bad ports
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Chapter 2 X Window System
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5.1 Overview
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5.2 understand X
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5.3 Install X11
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5.4 configure X11
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5.5 use fonts in X11
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5.6 X Display Manager
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5.7 desktop environment
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Part II. Common Tasks
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Chapter 2 desktop applications
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6.1 Overview
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6.2 Browser
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6.3 office, image processing
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6.4 document Viewer
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6.5 Finance
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6.6 conclusion
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Chapter 4 multimedia
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7.1 Overview
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7.2 Install sound card
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7.3 MP3 audio
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7.4 video playback
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7.5 install a TV card
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7.6 image scanner
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Chapter 4 configure FreeBSD Kernel
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8.1 Overview
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8.2 why do we need to build a customized kernel?
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8.3 system hardware discovered
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8.4 kernel drivers, subsystems and modules
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8.5 create and install a customized kernel
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8.6 configuration file
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8.7 What should I do if something goes wrong?
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Chapter 2 Printing
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9.1 Overview
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9.2 Introduction
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9.3 Basic settings
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9.4 Advanced Settings
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9.5 use a printer
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9.6 replace standard background Printing
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9.7 difficult issues
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Chapter 2 Linux binary compatibility
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10.1 Overview
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10.2 Installation
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10.3 install Mathematica
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10.4 install maple
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10.5 install MATLAB
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10.6 install Oracle
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10.7 install sap r/3
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10.8 advanced topics
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Part III. System Management
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Chapter 2 settings and adjustments
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11.1 Overview
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11.2 Initial Configuration
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11.3 core Configuration
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11.4 application configuration
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11.5 start the service
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11.6 Configuration Cron
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11.7 use RC in FreeBSD
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11.8 set Nic
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11.9 VM
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11.10 configuration file
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11.11 use sysctl for Adjustment
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11.12 adjust Disk
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11.13 adjust kernel limits
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11.14 Add a swap space
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11.15 power supply and Resource Management
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11.16 use and debug FreeBSD ACPI
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Chapter 4 FreeBSD pilot process
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12.1 Overview
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12.2 guiding issues
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12.3 Boot manager and various boot phases
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12.4 kernel interaction during boot
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12.5 device hints
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12.6 init: Process Control and initialization
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12.7 Shutdown
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Chapter 4 user and basic Account Management
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13.1 Overview
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13.2 Introduction
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13.3 Super User Account
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13.4 SYSTEM account
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13.5 User Account
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13.6 modify an account
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13.7 restrict users from using system resources
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13.8 groups
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Chapter 4 Security
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14.1 Overview
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14.2 Introduction
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14.3 ensure FreeBSD Security
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14.4 des, blowfish, MD5, and crypt
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14.5 one-time password
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14.6 TCP Wrappers
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14.7
Kerberosiv
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14.8
Kerberos5
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14.9 OpenSSL
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14.10 VPN on IPSec
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14.11 OpenSSH
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14.12 file system access control table
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14.13 monitoring third-party security issues
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14.14 FreeBSD Security Announcement
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14.15 process accounting
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Chapter 4 jails
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15.1 Overview
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15.2 terms related to jail
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15.3 Introduction
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15.4 create and control jail
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15.5 fine-tuning and Management
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15.6 jail applications
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Chapter 4 force Access Control
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16.1 Summary
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16.2 important terms in this Chapter
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16.3 about Mac
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16.4 understand Mac labels
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16.5 configure Security
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16.6 module configuration
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16.7 Mac seeotheruids Module
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16.8 Mac bsdextended Module
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16.9 Mac ifoff Module
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16.10 Mac portacl Module
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16.11 Mac partition (partition) Module
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16.12 multi-level Mac Security Module
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16.13 Mac Biba Module
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16.14 Mac lomac Module
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16.15 Nagios in MAC jail
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16.16 user lock down
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16.17 troubleshooting of MAC framework
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Chapter 4 Security Event Audit
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17.1 Overview
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17.2 some key terms in this Chapter
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17.3 install audit support
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17.4 configure Audit
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17.5 Management Audit Subsystem
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Chapter 2 Storage
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18.1 Overview
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18.2 device name
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18.3 Add a disk
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18.4 raid
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18.5 USB storage device
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18.6 create and use optical media (cd)
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18.7 create and use an optical media (DVD)
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18.8 create and use a floppy disk
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18.9 backup with a tape drive
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18.10 backup with a floppy disk
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18.11 backup policy
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18.12 backup program
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18.13 Virtual File Systems with network, memory, and image files as media
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18.14 File System Snapshot
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18.15 file system quota
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18.16 encrypt Disk Partitions
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18.17 encrypt the swap Zone
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Chapter 2 Geom: Modular disk transformation framework
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19.1 Overview
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19.2 Geom Introduction
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19.3 raid0-strip
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19.4 raid1-Image
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19.5 Geom gate network device
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19.6 Add a volume label for the disk device
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19.7 use Geom to implement UFS logs
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Chapter 4 File System Support
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20.1 Overview
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20.2 Z File System
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Chapter 2 vinum volume Management Program
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21.1 Overview
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21.2 disk capacity is too small
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21.3 access bottleneck
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21.4 Data Integrity
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21.5 vinum target
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21.6 examples
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21.7 object naming
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21.8 configure vinum
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21.9 use vinum as the root file system
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Chapter 2 Virtualization
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22.1 Overview
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22.2 as the FreeBSD of the customer's OS
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22.3 FreeBSD as the host OS
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Chapter 2 localization-i18n/l10n usage and settings
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23.1 Overview
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23.2 basic knowledge
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23.3 use a localized Language
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23.4 compile the i18n Program
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23.5 localized FreeBSD
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Chapter 4 update and upgrade FreeBSD
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24.1 Overview
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24.2 FreeBSD update
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24.3 portsnap: A port collection Update Tool
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24.4 update the documents attached to the System
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24.5 tracking Development Branch
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24.6 synchronize your source code
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24.7 re-compile "world"
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24.8 tracking multiple machines
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Chapter 4 dtrace
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25.1 Overview
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25.2 Implementation differences
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25.3 enable dtrace support
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25.4 use dtrace
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25.5 D Language
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Part IV. Network Communication
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Chapter 3 Serial Communication
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26.1 Overview
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26.2 Introduction
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Terminal 26.3
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26.4 dial-in service
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26.5 outbound Device
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26.6 set the serial port console
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Chapter 4 PPP and slip
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27.1 Overview
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27.2 use user-level PPP
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27.3 kernel-level PPP
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27.4 PPPConnection troubleshooting
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27.5 use Ethernet-based PPP (pppoe)
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27.6 use
PPP(Pppoa)
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27.7 use slip
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Chapter 4 email
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28.1 Overview
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28.2 use email
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28.3
SendmailConfiguration
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28.4 change your email transmission agent
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28.5 troubleshooting
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28.6 advanced topics
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28.7 SMTP and uucp
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28.8 configure email sending only
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28.9 use email for dial-up connection
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28.10 SMTP Verification
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28.11 email user proxy
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28.12 use fetchmail
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28.13 use procmail
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Chapter 4 network server
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29.1 Summary
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29.2
Inetd"Super server"
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29.3 Network File System (NFS)
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29.4 Network Information Service (NIS/yp)
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29.5 automatic network configuration (DHCP)
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29.6 Domain Name System (DNS)
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29.7 Apache HTTP Server
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29.8 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
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29.9 file and print services (Samba) for Microsoft Windows clients)
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29.10 Clock Synchronization Through NTP
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29.11 use SyslogdLogs of remote hosts
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Chapter 4 Firewall
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30.1 Quick Start
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30.2 concept of Firewall
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30.3 firewall software package
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30.4 OpenBSD packet filter (PF) and altq
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30.5 ipfilter (IPF) Firewall
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30.6 ipfw
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Chapter 2 advanced network
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31.1 Overview
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31.2 gateway and route
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31.3 Wireless Network
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Bluetooth 31.4
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31.5 bridging
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31.6 link aggregation and Failover
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31.7 diskless operations
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31.8 ISDN
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31.9 Network Address Translation
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31.10 interconnect cable IP (PLIP)
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31.11 IPv6
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31.12 asynchronous transmission mode (ATM)
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31.13 common access redundancy protocol (CARP, shared address redundancy protocol)
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Section V. Appendix
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Appendix A. Obtain FreeBSD
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A.1 CDRom and DVD publishers
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A.2 FTP site
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A.3 BitTorrent
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A.4 anonymous CVs
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A.5 use CTM
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A.6 use CVSup
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A.7 CVS tag
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A.8 AFS site
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A.9 rsync site
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Appendix B. References
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B .1 professional books and magazines on FreeBSD
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B .2 User Guide
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B .3 administrator Guide
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B .4 Development Guide
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B .5 operating system principles
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B .6 references on Information Security
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B .7 Hardware Reference
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B .8 UNIX History
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B .9 Various Journals
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Appendix C. Internet Resources
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C.1 Mail List
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C.2 USENET newsgroup
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C.3 World Wide Web Server
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C.4 email address
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Appendix D. PGP Public Key
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D.1 Officer
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D.2 core team members
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D.3 developer
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FreeBSD Glossary
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Colophon
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Table list
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Table 2-1. Hardware Device List
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Table 2-2. For the first hard disk partition
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Table 2-3. partitions for other disks
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Table 2-4. FreeBSD 6.
XAnd 7.
XISO image file name and meaning
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Table 3-1. disk device code
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Table 18-1. Naming rules for physical disks
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Table 21-1. vinum plex organization diagram
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Table 26-1. DB-25 to DB-25 null-modem cable
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Table 26-2. DB-9 to DB-9 null-modem cable
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Table 26-3. DB-9 to DB-25 null-modem cable
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Table 26-4. Signal name
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Table 31-1. parallel cable cabling for network connection
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Table 31-2. Reserved IPv6 addresses
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Illustration list
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Figure 2-1. FreeBSD Boot Loader menu
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Figure 2-2. Typical device detection results
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Figure 2-3. Select the country and region menu
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Figure 2-4. Select leave sysinstall
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Figure 2-5. Select the usage project from the main menu of sysinstall
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Figure 2-6. Select the description file menu
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Figure 2-7. sysinstall description file menu
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Figure 2-8. sysinstall Main Menu
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Figure 2-9. sysinstall keyboard menu
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Figure 2-10. sysinstall Main Menu
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Figure 2-11. sysinstall option settings
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Figure 2-12. Start Standard installation
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Figure 2-13. Select the hard disk to be partitioned
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Figure 2-14. A typical fdisk partition table before editing
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Figure 2-15. Use the entire hard disk in the fdisk Partition
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Figure 2-16. sysinstall multi-boot hypervisor
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Figure 2-17. Select hard disk Screen
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Figure 2-18. sysinstall disklabel Editor
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Figure 2-19. sysinstall disklabel Editor-use automatic configuration
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Figure 2-20. root directory Space
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Figure 2-21. Edit the partition size
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Figure 2-22. Select the root partition type
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Figure 2-23. Select root contacts
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Figure 2-24. sysinstall disklabel Editor
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Figure 2-25. Select a software package
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Figure 2-26. Confirm the software package you want to install
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Figure 2-27. Select the installation media
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Figure 2-28. Select a NIC Device
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Figure 2-29. Configure the ed0 Interface
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Figure 2-30. Edit Inetd. confConfiguration File
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Figure 2-31. Default anonymous FTP Configuration
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Figure 2-32. Edit FTP welcome information
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Figure 2-33. Edit ExportsFile
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Figure 2-34. System Terminal Configuration Options
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Figure 2-35. Screen Saver options
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Figure 2-36. Screen Protection time settings
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Figure 2-37. Exit System Terminal Configuration
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Figure 2-38. Select your region
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Figure 2-39. Select your country
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Figure 2-40. Select Your Time Zone
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Figure 2-41. Select the mouse type
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Figure 2-42. Set the mouse Protocol
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Figure 2-43. Configure the mouse Port
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Figure 2-44. Configure the mouse Port
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Figure 2-45. Start the mouse service process
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Figure 2-46. Test the mouse function
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Figure 2-47. Select a package category
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Figure 2-48. Select package
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Figure 2-49. Install the pre-compiled software package
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Figure 2-50. Confirm the pre-compiled package to be installed
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Figure 2-51. Select a user
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Figure 2-52. Add User Information
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Figure 2-53. Exit user and group management
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Figure 2-54. Exit Installation
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Figure 2-55. Upper Layer configuration of Network Configuration
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Figure 2-56. Select the default MTA
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Figure 2-57. ntpdate Configuration
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Figure 2-58. Lower-layer network configuration
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Figure 21-1. concatenate an organizational unit
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Figure 21-2. segment Organization
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Figure 21-3. Raid-5 Organization
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Figure 21-4. A simple vinum volume
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Figure 21-5. Image vinum volume
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Figure 21-6. Striped vinum volume
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Figure 21-7. Image and striped vinum volume
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Sample List
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Example 2-1. Use an existing Partition
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Example 2-2. Reduce existing partitions
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Example 3-1. Names of disks, slice, and partition
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Example 3-2. layout of a disk
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Example 4-1. manually download a package locally and install it
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Example 11-1. Create a swap file in FreeBSD
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Example 12-1. Boot0Screenshots
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Example 12-2. Boot2Screen output
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Example 12-3: /Etc/TTYsFile insecure Console
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Example 13-1. Add a new user to FreeBSD
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Example 13-2. Delete a userDelete an account in interactive mode
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Example 13-3: Execute with superuser Interaction ChpassCommand
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Example 13-4: Run with normal user interaction ChpassCommand
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Example 13-5. Change your password
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Example 13-6. Change the passwords of other users as those of Super Users
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Example 13-7. Use Pw (8) to add a group
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Example 13-8. Use Pw (8) to set the group member list
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Example 13-9. Use Pw (8) to add new members to the group
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Example 13-10. Use Id (1) to determine group members.
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Example 14-1. Use SSH to create a secure tunnel for SMTP
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Example 18-1. Pass
SSHUse Dump
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Example 18-2. Set
SSHEnvironment Variable RshUse Dump
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Example 18-3. Create a shell script for starting a disk:
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Example 18-4. Use MdconfigMount an existing image file
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Example 18-5. Use MdconfigMount the image file as a file system
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Example 18-6. Use MdmfsCommand to configure and mount an image file as a file system
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Example 18-7. Use MdconfigCreate a new memory disk device
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Example 18-8. Use MdmfsTo create a memory Media File System
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Example 19-1. label the boot disk
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Example 26-1. /Etc/TTYsAdding terminal records
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Example 28-1. Configuration
SendmailDatabase
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Example 28-2. email alias
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Example 28-3. Example of virtual domain email ing
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Example 29-1. Reload
InetdConfiguration File
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Example 29-2. Pass
AMDTo mount the exported file system
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Example 29-3. Install Django, apache2, mod_python3, and PostgreSQL
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Example 29-4. Configure Apache in Django/mod_python
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Example 31-1. lacp link aggregation with CISCO switches
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Example 31-2. failover mode
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Example 31-3. Local office or home network
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Example 31-4. Main office or other networks
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Example A-1. Check out something from-current (LS (1 )):
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Sample A-2. Check out the entire Src/Code tree:
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Sample A-3. Check out the LS (1) version in the 6-stable Branch:
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Example A-4. Create a list of changes for LS (1) (with standard diff)
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Example A-5. Find out other module names that can be used:
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