Oracle Database basics-Installation

Oracle Database basics-Installation

I. Basic Database knowledge

1. Concept

The Database Management System (DBMS) is a technology used in computers to manage, store, and share data.

2. Category

Database development can be divided into the following logical models:

3. Relational databases

PS:

1. The candidate keys, primary keys, and foreign keys must be defined by the user. Generally, the definition of these keys will match the business and real data.

2. NF paradigm: to eliminate data redundancy, data integrity, and exceptions of adding or deleting data in relational model databases, the concept of NF paradigm is usually introduced;

Paradigm (NF): 1NF \ 2NF \ 3NF \ BCNF \ 4NF \ 5NF;

The realization of the paradigm is achieved in the order from the lowest to the highest. To realize the high-level paradigm, the premise is that the low-level paradigm has been implemented. Generally, it only needs to reach 3NF.

3. about 3NF: 3NF is usually achieved through the split table, you can combine the E-R diagram to achieve the split table operation, step:. find all the independent entities in the current table; B. determine the relationship between entities and break down attributes. c. create a table

4. NoSQL databases: not only SQL, non-relational databases are generated along with the generation of Internet applications and big data.

 

Ii. Oracle Server

1. Install

Open the oraclesoftware installation package and double-click setup.exe to install it. Pay attention to the following points during installation and remember:

A. administrator password (required)
B. Database Name (Global Database Name)
C. SID

On the installation page, check whether the Database Name (Global Database Name) and SID are the same as those set by yourself. Click OK to complete the installation.

2. Detection

A. view the service: OracleService Instance name (the Instance name is the global database name) → multiple databases can be installed on an Oracle Server, and each database (Instance) has its own service process.

Oracle... TNSListener: Listener, which is used to provide remote access. The service must be started; otherwise, remote access cannot be implemented.

OracleDBConsole Instance name: It is used only to provide OEM services. OEM refers to oracle enterprise Manager, which is a management end based on B/S architecture. in enterprises, this service is generally disabled. OEM address: Oem address:

Oracle 10g: http: // server IP Address: 1158/em
Oracle 11g: https: // server IP Address: 1158/em

B. Commands

The logon Command provided by Oracle is sqlplus. Syntax format: sqlplus user name/password [@ network service name] [identity, etc.]. @ network service name is required only when accessing a remote oracle Server.

Oracle has two default administrators: sys/system, which is a super administrator. When using sys to log on to oracle, you must specify the logon identity as system Administrator (as sysdba)

Generally, on the oracle server, you only need to enter the following command: sqlplus/as sysdba

 

Iii. Oracle client

Oracle is a Client/Server architecture (Client/Server) software. If you want to remotely access the oracle database, you must install the oracle Client locally. After the installation is complete, perform the following settings.

1. server-side configuration (usually operated by DBA)

Open Netmanager and configure the Listener → listening location: use TCP/IP protocol; host: Enter the computer name of the Oracle server; port: 1521 by default;
Database Service: We recommend that you manually add a database that requires remote access;
Click file in the menu to save the network configuration;
Restart the listening service: Generally, this operation is only required when an exception occurs. The command lsnrctl → stop → start;

2. Client configuration ***

Open Netmanager in the client:

A. Listener: click Add listener, and then click Add address to use the default value.
B. Service name: · Network Service name: You can enter it at will. It is recommended that it be meaningful. It is actually the alias of the connection configuration. It is required for subsequent connections (command and graphical clients.
· Host Name: Enter the IP address of the machine on which the oracle server is connected.

· Service name: Because multiple oracle instances can be installed on an oracle Server, one connection can only connect to one instance. The instance name (Global Database Name
C. File-Save the network configuration.

 

The final interface is displayed, indicating that the server has been connected successfully.

PS: a service name corresponds to the connection configuration of a remote instance. Generally, we manually modify the tnsnames file under/network/admin in the home directory of the oracle client. ora to achieve connection configuration.

 

Iv. PL/SQL statement loper

In Oracle Development, third-party tools are usually used to help write SQL statements. PL/SQL is currently the most commonly used one. After installation, you can directly use it to connect to our Oracle server. The interface is roughly as follows:

V. Oracle Enterprise Manager (Oracle Enterprise Manager)

The Enterprise Manager of earlier versions of Oracle9i is a C/S-based application. The OEM must be installed on the machine for use only, starting from Oracle10g, the remote Oracle Management Service facilitates the migration of OEMs to the Web system. All work can be done in the OEM, such as creating tablespaces and data files, creating users, and creating tables.

Oem address:
Oracle 10g: http: // server IP Address: 1158/em

Oracle 11g: https: // server IP Address: 1158/em