Oracle Exadata All-in-One and cloud computing applications (I), oracleexadata

Oracle Exadata All-in-One and cloud computing applications (I), oracleexadata
1. Exadata

1.1 Introduction to Oracle cloud computing

As the cloud computing infrastructure continues to mature, more and more enterprises are paying attention to the implementation of cloud computing, accelerating the deployment of cloud computing solutions, and migrating their IT applications and data resources to the cloud environment. For potential users of "Cloud", they are most concerned about how the "Cloud" will be implemented. A solution integrating software and hardware resources has become a key factor for cloud computing.

Oracle can now provide users with a full set of solutions from Saas to Iaas. Oracle's product line has been expanded to a complete chain from application to storage, disks, and chips. Oracle has always stressed openness. They are good at using an open product portfolio and combining the best ideas with the best hardware to provide an easy-to-use, high-performance, platform-based product. Exadata database ECs is a representative product that integrates hardware and software according to reasonable configuration and integrates software and hardware, the hardware and software can run in a coordinated and consistent manner in an optimized manner and provide the customer with a pre-integrated working state, reducing the total amount of hardware and reducing environmental complexity, it can effectively help enterprises achieve efficient, low-cost, fast and flexible cloud applications.

The Exadata database cloud server can work independently or collaboratively with the Oracle middleware cloud server (Oracle Exalogic. The middleware cloud server provides an optimal runtime level for running Oracle Integrated middleware and Oracle Integrated management software. The combination of database ECs and middleware ECs is a solution designed for comprehensive integration of hardware and software, high performance can be provided for all enterprise applications, including Oracle E-Business Suite, Siebel, and lelesoft management software.

1.2 Oracle Exadata

Oracle Exadata database cloud server (Exadata for short) adopts an integrated design to become an Oracle database running platform that provides the highest performance and availability. With Sun's industry-standard hardware and Oracle's smart database and storage software, the Exadata all-in-one machine includes online transaction processing (OLTP) and data warehousing (DW) all database load types, including hybrid load integration, provide excellent performance. The implementation of the Exadata all-in-one machine is simple and quick. It can process the largest and most important database applications, and can usually increase the running speed of these applications by 10 times or more.

Oracle Exadata database cloud server is an easy-to-deploy solution for hosting Oracle databases that provide the highest database performance to date. Database Cloud server is an integrated Cloud in a Box system, which includes database servers, Oracle Exadata storage servers, and an InfiniBand structure for storing networking data, and all other components required to host the Oracle database. The system uses the large-scale parallel grid architecture stored in Real Application Clusters and Exadata to provide ultimate performance for all types of database applications. Database ECs and Exadata storage achieve performance breakthroughs, easy to use and manage, and provide mission-critical availability and reliability.

Because all Exadata database machines adopt consistent configurations, you can benefit from the experience of thousands of users who have deployed Exadata database machines for their key task applications. The machines used by the customer's machine and the Oracle Support Department to discover and solve the problem, and the machines used by the Oracle Engineering Department to develop the Oracle database are also the same. Oracle Exadata runs standard Oracle databases. Therefore, any application running on the Oracle database can be seamlessly migrated to the Exadata database without any changes.

1.3 Oracle Exadate features 1.4 Oracle Exadata advantages Oracle Exadata is the only Database Server System in the industry that can efficiently run online transaction processing (OLTP), OLAP (such as data warehouse) and hybrid workloads. Over the past decade, the industry has made clear the OLTP and OLAP scores, because the previous machines did not have this capability to simultaneously process OLTP and OLAP, and one was transactional, the other is large-scale data warehouse mining. Both of these are dynamic, and the other is quick and large-scale access. Now Oracle can put all the content in one system. For enterprises, almost all the systems can be placed on this device, this allows customers to start real-time data analysis and business detection in the production system.
People's inherent concepts split OLTP and OLAP into two separate parts. Now, with the design of Oracle cloud box, the two can be integrated into one machine, changing the previous concepts. This reduces management staff and greatly increases customer usage. Users can perform OLTP during the day, perform large-scale data analysis at night, and perform real-time data analysis and query when there is an emergency during the day.

• OLTP is the online transaction processing, which is often referred to as a relational database. It means that the real-time addition, deletion, modification, and query of records are what we often use, which is the basis of the database;
  
• OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) is the core component of the Data Warehouse. The so-called Data Warehouse is an analytical database for a large amount of data already formed by OLTP, it is used to process important decision-making information such as business intelligence and decision support. Data Warehouse processes and analyzes historical data after the database is applied to a certain extent; is a tool that handles two different purposes.

2. Exadata Technical Architecture

2.1 Oracle Exadata. The database cloud server is a rack when it leaves the factory. The Rack contains various components that constitute the database infrastructure: disks, servers, and networked devices. Three configuration types are available: Full rack (see figure), half rack, or 1/4 rack. All three types have the same architecture, but the number of components is different.

Each component and its role (for Exadata_x2-2) are described in detail below ). The content listed below applies to the entire rack. You can also view these components in the actual environment through a wonderful 3D Demonstration.
　　 Database Node-The Database cloud server runs Oracle Database 11g Real Application Cluster. The cluster and database run on servers called database nodes or computing nodes (or "nodes. There are eight nodes running Oracle Linux or Oracle Solaris In the whole rack.
Storage Unit-A disk is not connected to a database computing node as a direct storage connection, but to another server called a storage unit (or "unit" for short. Oracle Exadata Server software runs on the operating systems in these units.
Disk-Each unit has 10 disks. Depending on the configuration, these disks can be 600 GB high-performance disks or 2 TB high-capacity disks. You can select the required disk type during purchase.
Flash Disk-Each unit has a flash disk of approximately 384 GB. These disks can be used as storage for computing nodes (for databases) or as the secondary high-speed cache (smart cache) for database clusters ).
Infiniband line-The unit and node are connected through high-speed and low-latency infiniband. Three infiniband switches are provided to provide redundancy and high throughput. Note: because there is no optical fiber component, no optical fiber switch is used.
Ethernet Switch-External communication can be performed through infiniband or over Ethernet. The system provides a set of Ethernet switches with open ports. The client can connect to the node over Ethernet. DMA and other users can also connect to nodes and units over Ethernet. It is best to back up data through infiniband, but also through the network.
KVM Switch-A keyboard, video, and mouse switch are used to physically Connect nodes and units. This device is used for initial setup and when the system network is unavailable. In normal circumstances, you do not need to approach the rack to access this KVM, even when the unit and node power is turned on and off.

2.2 simplified half-rack deployment of typical database ECs instances in the Oracle Exadata architecture. The figure shows two Oracle databases, one of which is the Real Application Clusters (RAC) database deployed across three database servers, the other is the single-instance database deployed on the remaining database server in the half-rack configuration. (Of course, all four database servers can be used in a single four-node RAC cluster .) RAC databases can be used as production databases, and single-instance databases can be used for testing and deployment. The two databases share seven Exadata units in the half-rack configuration, but they can have their own independent Oracle home directories to maintain software independence. All components in this configuration-database servers, Exadata units, InfiniBand switches, and other supporting hardware are placed in the database ECs rack.

Database cloud servers use the latest InfiniBand connection between servers and storage. Each database server and Exadata unit have a dual-port quad data rate (QDR) InfiniBand connection for high availability. Each InfiniBand Link provides 40 Gbit/s of bandwidth-many times higher than traditional storage or server networks. In addition, the Oracle interconnect protocol uses direct data placement (DMA-Direct Memory Access) to directly move data from the line to the database buffer without additional data replication, this ensures that the CPU overhead is low. The InfiniBand Network combines LAN flexibility and SAN efficiency. By using the InfiniBand Network, Oracle ensures that the network does not become a performance bottleneck. The InfiniBand Network also provides high-performance Cluster Interconnection for Oracle Database Real Application Cluster (RAC) nodes.
The architecture of Oracle Database ECs is designed to horizontally scale to any level of performance. To achieve higher performance and higher storage capacity, you can add additional database servers and Exadata units in the configuration-for example, upgrade a half-rack to the entire rack. With more Exadata units added to the configuration, the storage capacity and I/O performance are almost linearly improved. In database ECs configuration, no unit-to-unit communication is required.
The architecture of the database ECs solution includes components in the database server and those in the Exadata unit. Shows the software architecture of the 1/4 rack configuration.

When a database cloud server is used, a large amount of SQL processing is diverted from the database server to the Exadata unit. In addition to providing traditional block services for databases, apsaradb for RDS also transfers data from database instances to underlying storage. Compared with traditional storage, Exadata storage only returns rows and columns that meet database queries, rather than the entire queried table. The database ECs tries its best to allow SQL processing to be performed on the data (or disk) side, and to allow parallel operations on all disks. This reduces the CPU usage on the database server. It uses less bandwidth when moving data between the database server and the storage server, and returns the query result set instead of all tables. Eliminating data transmission and database server loads can greatly benefit traditional data warehousing queries with limited bandwidth and CPU. Eliminating data transmission is also beneficial to online transaction processing (OLTP) systems that often include a large number of batch processing and report processing operations.
This solution provides traffic distribution and bandwidth advantages without making any changes to the application. The database ECs fully supports all the features of the Oracle database. The database ECs is applicable to the deployment of a single Oracle database instance and Real Application Cluster. Whether or not database ECSS are used, the management of Oracle Data Guard, Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN), Oracle GoldenGate, and other database tools is the same. Users and database administrators still use the same tools and knowledge they are currently familiar with, because everything is like running traditional non-Exadata storage.
2.3 Exadata storage server Exadata Storage Server is an indispensable component of the database cloud server. Provides ultimate performance through multiple features of the product. Exadata storage provides database-aware storage services. For example, it can distribute database processing from a database server to storage, while keeping SQL processing and database applications transparent. In this way, only the data requested by the application is returned, rather than all the data in the queried table. Exadata smart flash cache accelerates I/O operations and greatly improves the processing speed of Oracle databases. Flash Memory provides intelligent cache for database objects to avoid physical I/O operations. The Oracle database on the database cloud server is the first database that supports flash memory. Exadata storage provides an advanced compression technology, that is, Exadata hybrid column compression, which usually provides a data compression rate of 10 or more times. Exadata compression increases the effective data transmission rate by an order of magnitude. Oracle Database cloud server is the world's most secure database machine. Built based on superior Oracle database security features, Exadata storage is able to query fully encrypted databases at hundreds of gigabytes per second, with performance overhead close to zero. These features and many other features jointly form the foundation for outstanding performance of database ECS.