When using spfile, you can use the v $ parameter. ISSYS_MODIFIABLE field to determine the initialization parameters that can take effect without restarting.
V $ parameter. ISSYS_MODIFIABLE parameter
Indicates whether the parameter can be changed with alter system and when the change takes effect:
IMMEDIATE-Parameter can be changed with alter system regardless of the type of parameter file used to start the instance. The change takes effect immediately.
DEFERRED-Parameter can be changed with alter system regardless of the type of parameter file used to start the instance. The change takes effect in subsequent sessions.
FALSE-Parameter cannot be changed with alter system unless a server parameter file was used to start the instance. The change takes effect in subsequent instances.
SQL> select distinct issys_modifiable from v $ parameter;
ISSYS_MODIFIABLE
----------------
IMMEDIATE
FALSE
DEFERRED
SQL> select name, issys_modifiable from v $ parameter where name = 'sga _ target ';
NAME ISSYS_MODIFIABLE
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Sga_target IMMEDIATE
SQL> select name, issys_modifiable from v $ parameter where name = 'remote _ login_passwordfile ';
NAME ISSYS_MODIFIABLE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remote_login_passwordfile FALSE
Author Laughing