Oracle Oracle's Sql*plus is a client tool that interacts with Oracle. In Sql*plus, you can run the Sql*plus command and the Sql*plus statement.
Our usual DML, DDL, and DCL statements are sql*plus statements that, when executed, can be stored in an area of memory called SQL Buffer, and can only hold a recently executed SQL statement, and we can save SQL in SQL buffer Statements are modified and then executed again, Sql*plus typically deal with the database.
In addition to Sql*plus statements, other statements executed in Sql*plus are called Sql*plus commands. After they have been executed, there is no memory area for SQL buffer, and they are typically used to format the results of the output to make the report available.
Here are some common Sql*plus commands:
1. Execute a SQL script file
Sql>start file_name
sql>@ file_name
We can save multiple SQL statements in a text file so that when you execute all the SQL statements in this file, use any of the above commands, which is similar to the batch processing in DOS.
2. Edit the current input
Sql>edit
3. Rerun the SQL statement that was last run
sql>/
4. Output the displayed content to the specified file
Sql> SPOOL file_name
All the content on the screen is included in the file, including the SQL statement you entered.
5. Turn off spool output
Sql> SPOOL off
The output is not seen in the output file until the spool output is turned off.
6. Show the structure of a table
Sql> DESC TABLE_NAME
7. Col command:
The display form of the primary formatted column.
The command has many options, as follows:
Col[umn] [{column|expr} [option ...]]
Option options can be the following clauses:
Ali[as] Alias
Cle[ar]
Fold_a[fter]
Fold_b[efore]
For[mat] Format
Hea[ding] Text
Jus[tify] {l[eft]| c[enter]| c[entre]| R[ight]}
Like {Expr|alias}
Newl[ine]
New_v[alue] Variable
nopri[nt]| PRI[NT]
Nul[l] Text
Old_v[alue] Variable
on| Off
wra[pped]| wor[d_wrapped]| Tru[ncated]
1). Change the default column headings
COLUMN column_name HEADING column_heading
For example:
Sql>select * FROM Dept;
DEPTNO dname LOC
---------- ---------------------------- ---------
Ten ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
Sql>col LOC Heading Location
Sql>select * FROM Dept;
DEPTNO dname Location
--------- ---------------------------- -----------
Ten ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
2. Change the column name ename to the new column name Employee name and place the new column name on two lines:
Sql>select * from EMP
Department name Salary
---------- ---------- ----------
Ten AAA 11
sql> COLUMN ename HEADING ' employee| Name '
Sql>select * from EMP
Employee
Department name Salary
---------- ---------- ----------
Ten AAA 11
Note:the col heading turn into the two from one line.
3). Change the display length of the column:
For[mat] Format
Sql>select empno,ename,job from EMP;
EMPNO ename JOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7369 SMITH Clerk
7499 ALLEN Salesman
7521 WARD Salesman
sql> Col ename format A40
EMPNO ename JOB
---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------
7369 SMITH Clerk
7499 ALLEN Salesman
7521 WARD Salesman
4). Set the alignment of column headings
Jus[tify] {l[eft]| c[enter]| c[entre]| R[ight]}
Sql> Col ename Justify Center
Sql>/
EMPNO ename JOB
---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------
7369 SMITH Clerk
7499 ALLEN Salesman
7521 WARD Salesman
For columns of type number, the column headings default to the right, and other types of column headings default to the left
5. Do not let a column appear on the screen
nopri[nt]| PRI[NT]
sql> Col Job Noprint
Sql>/
EMPNO ename
---------- ----------------------------------------
7369 SMITH
7499 ALLEN
7521 WARD
6). Format the display of the Number type column:
sql> COLUMN SAL FORMAT $99,990
Sql>/
Employee
Department Name Salary Commission
---------- ---------- --------- ----------
ALLEN $1,600 300
7. When displaying column values, if the column value is a null value, replace the null value with the text value
COMM Nul[l] Text
Sql>col COMM Nul[l] Text
8). Set wrapping mode for a column
wra[pped]| wor[d_wrapped]| Tru[ncated]
COL1
--------------------
How ARE?
Sql>col COL1 FORMAT A5
Sql>col COL1 Wrapped
COL1
-----
How A
RE YO
U?
sql> COL COL1 word_wrapped
COL1
-----
How
ARE
You?
sql> COL COL1 word_wrapped
COL1
-----
How A
9). Display the current display property value of a column
Sql> COLUMN column_name
10). Set the display property of all columns to the default value
Sql> Clear COLUMNS
8. Block out the same values shown in a column
Break on Break_column
Sql> Break on DEPTNO
Sql> SELECT DEPTNO, ename, SAL
From EMP
WHERE SAL < 2500
Order BY DEPTNO;
DEPTNO ename SAL
---------- ----------- ---------
Ten CLARK 2450
MILLER 1300
SMITH 800
ADAMS 1100
9. In the display of the same values shown in a column above, insert n blank rows whenever the value of the column changes before the value changes.
Break on Break_column SKIP n
Sql> Break on DEPTNO SKIP 1
Sql>/
DEPTNO ename SAL
---------- ----------- ---------
Ten CLARK 2450
MILLER 1300
1). Set whether the current session automatically submits the modified data
Sql>set Auto[commit] {on| Off| imm[ediate]| N
2). Whether to display the SQL statement that is executing in the script when executing a SQL script with the start command
Sql> SET ECHO {on| OFF}
3. Whether to display the current SQL statement query or modify the number of rows
Sql> SET Feed[back] {6|n| on| OFF}
Defaults to the number of rows that display results only if the result is greater than 6 rows. If set feedback 1, it is returned regardless of how many rows the query is to. The number of rows in the query is not displayed when off
4). Whether column headings are displayed
Sql> SET hea[ding] {on| OFF}
When set heading off, column headings are not displayed on top of each page, instead of blank lines
5. Set the number of characters a row can hold
Sql> SET lin[esize] {80|n}
If the output of a row is greater than the number of characters that can be accommodated on a set line, the row is displayed.
6). Set the separation between pages and pages
Sql> SET Newp[age] {1|n| NONE}
When set newpage 0 o'clock, there is a small black box at the beginning of each page.
When set NewPage n, it is separated by n empty rows between pages and pages.
When set newpage none, there is no spacing between pages and pages.
7). When displayed, replace the null value with the text value
sql> SET NULL Text
8. Set the number of rows in a page
Sql> SET pages[ize] {24|n}
If set to 0, all output is one page and column headers are not displayed
9). Whether to display with Dbms_output. Put_Line the package for output information.
Sql> SET Serverout[put] {on| OFF}
When writing stored procedures, we sometimes use dbms_output.put_line to output the necessary information to debug the stored procedure, and the information can be displayed on the screen only when the Serveroutput variable is set to ON.
10. When the length of the SQL statement is greater than linesize, the SQL statement is intercepted when it is displayed.
Sql> SET Wra[p] {on| OFF}
When the length of the output row is greater than the length of the set line (set linesize n command), when set wrap on, more characters from the output line are displayed on a separate line, otherwise the output line is removed more than characters and is not displayed.
11. Whether to display the output on the screen, mainly used in conjunction with the spool.
Sql> SET Term[out] {on| OFF}
When you export the contents of a large table to a file using the spool command, the content output on the screen will take a lot of time, set Termspool off, the output will only be saved in the output file, will not be displayed on the screen, greatly improve the speed of the spool.
12. Remove the extra space after each line in the spool output
Sql> SET Trims[out] {on| OFF}
13 shows the execution time spent on each SQL statement
Set TIMING {on| OFF}
14. To modify the current line in SQL buffer, the first occurrence of the string
C[hange]/old_value/new_value
Sql> L
1* SELECT * FROM dept
Sql> c/dept/emp
1* SELECT * from emp
15. To edit an SQL statement in SQL buffer
EDI[T]
16. Displays the SQL statement in SQL buffer, List n shows the nth row in SQL buffer, and makes the nth row the current line
L[ist] [n]
17. Add one or more lines below the current line in SQL buffer
I[nput]
18. Adds the specified text after the current line in SQL buffer
A[ppend]
Sql> Select Deptno,
2 dname
3 from Dept;
DEPTNO dname
---------- --------------
Ten ACCOUNTING
The
SALES
OPERATIONS
Sql> L 2
2* dname
Sql> A, loc
2* Dname,loc
Sql> L
1 Select Deptno,
2 Dname,loc
3* from Dept
Sql>/
DEPTNO dname LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
Ten ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON
19. Save SQL statements in SQL buffer to a file
SAVE file_name
20. Import SQL statements from one file into SQL buffer
Get file_name
21. Execute the SQL statement just executed again
RUN
Or
/
22. Execute a stored procedure
EXECUTE procedure_name
23. Connecting to the specified database in Sql*plus
CONNECT User_name/passwd@db_alias
24. Set the top caption for each report
Ttitle
25. Set the tail caption for each report
Btitle
26. Write a note
Remark [text]
27. Outputs the specified information or a blank line to the screen
PROMPT [Text]
28. Pauses the execution of the procedure, waits for the user to respond, and then continues execution
PAUSE [Text]
Sql>pause Adjust paper and press RETURN to continue.
29. Copy some of the data from one database to another (such as copying the data from one table to a different database)
COPY {from database | to database | From database to database}
{append| create| Insert| REPLACE} destination_table
[(Column, Column, column, ...)] USING Query
Sql>copy from SCOTT/TIGER@HQ to John/chrome@west
Create Emp_temp
USING a SELECT * from EMP
30. Do not exit Sql*plus and execute an operating system command in Sql*plus:
HOST
Sql> host hostname
This command may be supported under Windows.
31. In Sql*plus, switch to the operating system command prompt, and after running the operating system command, you can switch back to Sql*plus:
!
sql>!
$hostname
$exit
Sql>
This command is not supported under Windows.
32. Show help for the Sql*plus command
Help
How to install the Help file:
Sql>@? Qlplus\admin\help\hlpbld.sql? Qlplus\admin\help\helpus.sql
Sql>help Index
33. Displays the value of the Sql*plus system variable or the value of the Sql*plus environment variable
Syntax
SHO[W] Option
Where option represents one of the following terms or clauses:
System_variable
All
Bti[tle]
Err[ors] [{function| procedure| package| PACKAGE body|
trigger| view| type| TYPE body} [schema.] Name
LNO
PARAMETERS [Parameter_name]
PNO
Rel[ease]
Repf[ooter]
Reph[eader]
Sga
SPOO[L]
SQLCODE
Tti[tle]
USER
1). Displays the value of the current environment variable:
Show All
2). Displays error messages for objects that are currently in the process of creating functions, stored procedures, triggers, packages, and so on
Show Error
When an error occurs, such as creating a function, stored procedure, and so on, the variable can use the command to see the error in that place and the corresponding error message, make the modification and compile again.
3). Displays the value of the initialization parameter:
Show PARAMETERS [Parameter_name]
4). To display the version of the database:
Show Rel[ease]
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