Oral English learning methods

The third layer of Oral English Learning: concatenating sentences

 

1. Level 1: Correct Pronunciation

2. Layer 2: phonetic alphabet group words

3. Layer 3: concatenate sentences

4. Layer 4: Sentences

5. layer 5: learning spoken language

 

The essence of the second-level content is the habit of accumulating vocabulary using phonetic symbols. The principle is simple, but it is always necessary to form a habit. I hope everyone can stick to it. Today, the third layer is about sentence-level pronunciation. The techniques involved here mainly include stress, continuous reading, brute force cracking, weakening, and group pause. Because they are purely technical, they are easier to master than the previous one. According to my personal pronunciation preference, I think the skill is more suitable for American English than British English.

First, let's talk about the pause problem. We speak in a group of languages rather than words or words. "Folder... Hand !" You have heard of this joke. You see, "handlet" is a language unit. It's just a big breath. No one else has your handlet! Of course, English is no exception. It is recommended that you do not separate the language units (including verb phrases), such as the main, bin, definite, and shape, while the language unit and language unit can pause, for example, most of us | like to eat potatoes |. but most people | do not know | what part of the potato | is best for food. at the beginning, you can slow down and pause at the place where you pause. After the pause, you can stretch the gap, such as most of us like to eat potatoes |. But most people do not know | what part of the potato is best for food.

Next, let's talk about the stress issue. As mentioned above, words are stressed. A sentence composed of several words certainly has the sentence accent. What is accent? The accent is a sound that is obviously heavier than other syllables. Why is it heavier than other syllables? This is because the Speaker wants to emphasize this voice. Let's take a look at this sentence: "This was a red car yesterday ."

Where is the accent of this sentence? This was a red car yesterday (for this one, it's still red ). this was a red car yesterday (this car is really red ). this was a red car yesterday (the car was red yesterday ). this was a red car yesterday (this red guy was a car yesterday ). this was a red car yesterday (I just need it, this car is still red ). oh, it's all possible! In the linguistic book, what a person says contains new information (what he wants to say but what others don't know) and old new information (what he says and what others already know, from this perspective, the sentence stress usually falls on new information. Well, I have explained the problem of stress clearly. Next we will talk about continuous reading, cracking, and weakening.

Since we have found the sentence accent, can we think like this? Can a sentence be regarded as a big word? Well, let's take the above sentence as an example. This was a red car yesterday [Delta ISW primary Z primary red'ka: Primary est primary di]. Our conclusion is that when we read a sentence, we regard it as a word. The accent bit should be read clearly and slowly, and the non-accent bit should be read vaguely and quickly. In other words, we divide a sentence into two parts: Stress and non-stress. We need to quickly connect the non-stressed parts so as to highlight the stressed parts and clearly convey the meaning. In Meiyu, this kind of understanding is called the chain of language. Just like an iron chain, if you start an iron ring at will, other iron rings will move in one direction.

The accent position is good (as long as the reading is clear and slow). How can we achieve the chain of non-duplicate pronunciation? Methods are similar to the three basic skills of Oral English, namely, continuous reading, cracking, and weakening. English learners generally know the three basic skills (or the first two. To put it simply, a hyphen refers to the ending sound of the first word as a consonant, while the first sound of the second word is a vowel, which conforms to the pattern in which the consonants in the phonetic alphabet form a syllable, therefore, a continuous read, such as stand up, is generated. However, many English learners are prone to word-based deception because they do not have the habit of memorizing words by pronunciation. They do not have to pay attention to some potential sequential reads, such as one of them. Another typical potential is that continuous reading is more likely to be ignored, which leads to difficulties in listening, such as tell him and tell her. since [H] is a very weak consonant, when people send it, it is often omitted, and it naturally produces a phenomenon such as Tellim and Teller. Now that we have transitioned from the continuous reading problem to the weakening problem of speech, let's take a look at the weakening phenomenon. When it comes to weakening, I suddenly think of something interesting. One teacher asked another, "Why is this us [¶ S] used here ?", Then the teacher in the same Teaching and Research Section burst into laughter and said, "This new teacher is really interesting. [Λ S] actually reads [¶ S]." The teacher was very unconvinced. He secretly went to the dictionary and found that both methods were correct, and he became very angry. What do you think of this problem? Let me first talk about my views. First, the new teacher is right. Because the word "us" only appears in the dictionary or when we only talk about the word "us", it is re-reading. In other cases, it is weakened to become [¶ S]. because it is not necessary to be emphasized. Secondly, the teachers who laugh are right. Because when you talk about the word "us", you should re-read it. Why should we weaken it. That's what I think. We are actually talking about the essence of the phenomenon of weakening, that is, to speed up the speed of speech, form a chain, to highlight the focus of discourse, let people know what your intention is. I hope you will remember the [strong] weakening law I mentioned when talking about the syllables of the words above. This law is also suitable for the weakening of sentences. I told my students that when I saw and you attended N, I would have finished [Lambda Nd-¶ n-n], but the same is true, because apart from the first sentence, where can I emphasize and. So why do some unit sounds usually become a [Speaker] sound? I think it may be because the [Speaker] sound type is small, so you don't have to make your mouth as big as [Lambda, it is easy to transition to other sounds, and the speed is naturally fast. Have you made it clear? There is still a brute-force cracking problem. It is estimated that everyone has practiced it intently. I will not talk about it more, but I will only mention the cause of the brute-force cracking. Why is it cracked? It is because the two consonants are too close, such as sit down. The two sounds that are too close to each other are as if you want to send one sound twice in a row. It's awkward. Listen, si t d own .! I think this is a pure low-level error. Its root cause is lack of understanding about the phenomenon of language chain.

In the final analysis, we need to have a focus on speech. to highlight this focus, we need to integrate the non-stressed parts through means such as group pause, continuous reading, cracking, and weakening. This understanding conforms to the regular patterns of normal speech, and helps you form a sense of language, improve the speed of speech, and solve your hearing problems. Let's talk about it today.

Layer 4 of Oral English: Sentences

 

As the name suggests, a sentence is a way to read an English sentence fluently. When you enter this level of practice, you have mastered the pronunciation knowledge, rules, and skills involved in the first three layers. Basic mastery is not enough. We need to make all these skills part of our habits. I have mentioned in the previous article that I have divided my oral English into five layers. The first layer is a basic problem of Oral English pronunciation. The fourth layer of the sentence is actually the acceptance part of the normal speech stage. Here we may wish to list a form that should be referenced when reading an English article to check whether our basic pronunciation skills have reached the standard:

 

[1] The phonetic alphabet is correctly pronounced with no local sound;

[2] The words are correctly pronounced, and there are no intermittent phenomena such as not reading the words;

[3] Correct sentence accents, continuous reading, cracking, and weakening;

[4] reasonable pause and proper priority for groups;

[5] The voice is beautiful, the language is fluent, and the tone is natural.

 

The fifth in the above list is not mentioned above. This mainly involves the tone issue. As we all know, most Chinese Spoken by foreigners are yin and yang, because the tone of voice is the most difficult to imitate. If you do not pay attention to it, it will be strongly influenced by your mother tongue. You pay too much attention to it, it may seem exceptionally pretentious. On the other hand, if the voice of a foreigner is similar to that of the Chinese, then the Chinese he speaks is not easy to hear. When I was in college, there was such a German. If you turned your back to him, you wouldn't have heard of him as a foreigner. Similarly, if we can grasp the tone of English, then the basic oral skills can be said to be half qualified. Therefore, we advise you to pay special attention to his tone when you listen to tapes or foreigners and follow suit.

 

The Practice and process of reading texts are very simple. We can divide the exercise process into three stages. In the first stage, you can first select some articles without any new words based on your actual situation. Then, let's take a look at what aspects do you think are weak, for example, if you cannot crack the statement, you will first mark all the parts of the entire article with (). If you want to pause poorly, you will first use | to split each sentence in the entire article. After reading it, check the list one by one. According to the principle that you do not know the true colors of the mountains, you may not feel where you have read errors, in this way, you 'd better find a companion who can practice your oral English together, or use a repeater to record what you have read. When you feel that you do not have any problems, you can go to the next stage of the exercise. In the second stage, replace the document with an article containing many new words. If there are many new words, this article estimates that each sentence will be longer, full of non-predicates, attribute clauses, adverbial clauses and noun clauses. No matter how long it takes, as long as you can read smoothly, it means that your main audio stage is coming to an end. The third stage is how to maintain basic pronunciation skills that are hard to come. Simply put, it is to develop the habit of reading aloud. Morning Reading, afternoon reading, and night reading, you need to open your mouth more and wrap your tongue more, because if you do not often talk about language, it will never be yours. Once you are able to control any English article from the perspective of voice, you have a solid foundation for learning spoken English, if you do not have a solid foundation, no matter how deeply you understand what I want to talk about later, it is also like the building of sandcontinent, the building in the air, what is your level of speaking, what will happen in the future.

 

Layer 5: learning spoken language

 

With solid basic skills in oral pronunciation, the process of Verbal Learning begins to become smooth. On the fifth layer, I do not know how long I will write. No matter how simple it is, there is only one guiding ideology. That is to explain the truth and clarify the methods. I think this is inspired by a strange phenomenon in Chinese English education. For some reason, many English teachers do not want to clarify the cause and effect of the problem. They do not want to teach many ready-made methods to students, it is probably influenced by "practice is the only criterion for truth testing. In the eyes of these English teachers, if you want to practice spoken language, you can talk about it. If you want to read it, you can listen to it. If you want to think about it, do you think about it... This... You can only do questions .... I have been wondering why we need English teachers ?! A direct consequence of this strange phenomenon is that many out-of-school teachers have been generated, adding a lot of additional taxes to the country. For example, Li Yang's Crazy English speech, Zhong Daolong's reverse English listening, Cai Jigang's five-part English writing, and a think tank consisting of Zhang xinyou, Wang maimai, and a large number of Chinese English proficiency testing experts, let alone seven or eight ways of learning English that has come from IELTS, TOEFL, Cambridge, yushuo kaobo, etc. It is truly confusing and confusing for all English learners. I will start from the fifth layer of my oral English.

 

Guiding Ideology 1: there is no way to define the law, because people are appropriate.

The Chinese are famous for their diligence and patience. The very young children began to recite Tang Poems and learn the Olympics. From the day they entered kindergarten, there was no more childhood. Looking back, it's terrible. Learning is a lifelong task in China. Since you are diligent, you can recite English. If you can recite everything, then you will not have a sense of language, and you will not remember words! Since you are not afraid of being boring, you can recite an English dictionary. Foreigners cannot carry it back. If you do, no one is the most cruel! Wrong argument. It is also wrong to make the reasoning more accurate. "The Chinese are famous for their diligence and endurance." in terms of social linguistics, it is called an engraved impression in culture. It is an impression that reflects the overall characteristics of the whole nation. In other words, not all Chinese are diligent and willing to get bored. Almost all of the foreign language learning methods are based on the impression of this edition. Ask Li Yang how many hours have he been standing in the cold wind and speak English? Then, ask Professor Zhong, how many recorders have he heard in total over the years? You are neither Master Li Yang nor Professor Zhong, but you may also have their perseverance. If so, you will do well. If not ,..... I want you to understand that no method is suitable for everyone. Each person has at least eight to nine types of intelligence. Language intelligence is just one of them. A talented person only says that his language intelligence is more advanced than ordinary people. Math for foreign language learners is generally not very good, because your language is more intelligent, but logical arithmetic intelligence is weaker. "People need to develop on their own strengths" means that you must learn not to compete with others for your weaknesses, but to exert your strengths. Your social communication skills are not very high (for example, you are not quiet, do not like to talk, etc.), how can you force yourself to stand in front of everyone to boast! In turn, how can you force yourself to listen to the radio and write down hundreds of dictation notes if your social communication skills are high (it's hard to make friends without speaking! So how can we make it suitable for people, not superstitious about any method? It's easy to know yourself first, and then select a method. Understanding yourself involves the following aspects: (1) Learning Style: What kind of personality do you have? Where are your durations and weaknesses? How do you learn English comfortably and efficiently? (2) learning motivation (for oral English only): Why do you want to learn spoken English? Is it out of interest, due to exams, or in order to communicate with foreigners? (3) learning objectives: what kind of criteria do you want to meet? How far is your current level from the standard you set? How long are you going to reach this standard ?... These problems include the following principle: learning is not just about understanding the knowledge in books, it also includes the basic ability for you to manage and control your learning process at a macro level (called metacognitive strategies in linguistics ). The two are complementary. Remember!

Guiding Ideology 2: the goal is clear and the interest is paramount.

Let's first try to understand ourselves: Why are you suddenly learning spoken English? After reading this article, you can first attach your thoughts to the text in the form of a reply, and then continue to read the following content. The benefit is that you can benefit others while learning more clearly about yourself. No matter what your goal is to learn spoken English, you must keep your goal in mind in your future oral English learning, and assess how far you are from the difference. If you do not have any clear learning objectives, I would like to congratulate you, because the motivation of anyone who has no learning goals for learning spoken English is mostly out of their preferences or impulsive moments. Such motivation is the best, without utility or pressure. In this way, when you look at language learning, you can be more objective and clear. It doesn't matter if you want to learn spoken language out of helplessness. You only need to remember that interest will greatly improve your learning efficiency. Here is an example. I always use the word "Superstar" to enable my students to remember the prefix "super". To improve students' interest, I always play the song of the same name in capant, students like it very much. Now I have taught thousands of students. However, what I never imagined was that s.h.e made it easy to enter thousands of "fans" overnight. You can see its efficiency! Since interest is so important to our English learning, and you are not interested in it, you have to cheat yourself and find a way to make English interesting, otherwise, you will probably never be able to overcome the annoyance, and never be able to do Li Yang second or Zhong Daolong third.

Guiding Ideology 3: Understand the spoken language.

In Oral English, you can speak English in your mouth instead of using a pen. Unfortunately, there are few spoken languages in the Chinese examination. If you don't take the test, you will naturally not say it. Therefore, the most important thing has become the least important thing in Chinese English teaching. Of course, it cannot be said so absolutely. After all, now we have noticed this problem from *** to English teachers, and are moving in the correct direction step by step, although the pace is still a little slow. You don't have to talk about it. Now let's take a look at what the English language should look like.

First of all, speaking is something that a person needs to talk about every day. The purpose is to hook up with others. From this perspective, we will find many problems. 1) What's this that you repeatedly say to your teacher in the classroom? This is an apple. "You are not practicing spoken English, because you cannot even be stupid about Apple. 2) You are not practicing spoken English in the fierce air, because you have no target audience; 3) You are not practicing oral English in your English articles and speeches, because you have exported a seal, but others do not know what you mean. You are not practicing oral English. You are practicing the first layer of content I have listed, that is, basic pronunciation skills.

Secondly, the spoken language occurs in our daily life, and the content that people talk about is more lively. From this perspective, we will also find many problems. 1) after you pass level 4, Level 6, or even Level 8, you are finally asked by a primary school student. I don't know how to say it. 2) You mix it in grammar questions every day, the subject determines that he or she is still in the United States. But when you talk to foreigners, which of the following foreigners will talk to you about grammar? If there is, it's either you or him. 3) You don't know what to talk about except syntax. Arnold? Beckham? Iraq's Saddam? The smartest president in the world, bush? If you don't talk about people or hobbies. Soap opera? Horror film? Magic stone? Rugby? Tennis? Olympics? My heart is everlasting? Little world? Let's talk about food. Xiangbin? Roast beef? Napkin? Foot cup? Let's just talk about it. "Well, today is a good day. My name is Tony, Chinese, English poor." Then let's talk about bye.

Third, speaking is a face-to-face communication, not just a task that can be done with a mouth. During verbal communication, the language is in its life. You are responsible for what you say, and many English scholars do not realize this. Here I may say that I am very dissatisfied with many disciples of Master Li Yang. I am only here to discuss things and have no other meanings. In fact, one of my best friends when I was a graduate student is one of the disciples I had received when I debuted, and I have benefited a lot from him. There is such an obvious tendency in them, that is, to talk with others. They never regard the objects of the conversation as the other side of the conversation, or even ignore the inner feelings of the listener. Such a person is definitely not speaking spoken English, but practicing basic pronunciation skills. Professor Xia jomei once vividly compared verbal communication to a table tennis competition, so he could not do anything in this competition. From the time you say the first sentence to the other party, the content you want to talk about cannot be used at will. You need to observe it with your eyes, learn it with your heart, and cooperate with others to talk about it, in turn, people treat you like this. This is the courtesy principle in linguistics.

Oral English practice:

Based on the above superficial analysis, we can now come up with some fundamental work to be done when learning spoken language. In other words, we will talk about the methods of oral learning. But remember, using these methods is first based on your basic pronunciation skills.

1. accumulate and use spoken words: to communicate with people as you like, you must first review your existing vocabulary. You will immediately find that what you have accumulated is almost useless. Because our previous guiding ideology in English teaching is biased, the words we have learned are far away from people's lives (Xu guoyu's English has also seen the word "toutiao ), this is another important reason for the formation of dumb English. The correct method is to accumulate the vocabulary of life. Now the new series of textbooks for middle school English are very good, and there are many basic vocabulary that often appear in life. Another thing worth mentioning is that the simpler the more familiar words you are, the more you will use them to communicate with each other. This ensures that there are no more than two thousand Basic English words for communication, but now the first-year college students should have at least four thousand million words. Why can't I open my mouth? Because the words you have mastered are either far away from basic words, or rarely appear in your language environment. Listen to me and learn the simplest words you think. You can start from I and then learn am, is, are. This blog contains a basic vocabulary for English 200. You can also start to accumulate your oral vocabulary based on this table.

2. Accumulated daily life knowledge in Europe and America, and learned about the communication etiquette in Europe and America. After all, we learn English in order to be able to deal with the native who speak English. If you have no idea about people's living environment, living habits, and communication characteristics, then your communication with them will not be able to proceed. In other words, English is the tip of the iceberg of European and American culture. If you do not know the relevant culture, your oral skills will not fly over quality. Now, let's take a look at what you have taken in the listening test? It is the most common place for people to visit at stations, airports, restaurants, phone booths, roads, schools, etc. Why do you think your hearing is hard? You have no experience talking to people in these aspects, so you don't know anything about what to talk about, and you lose face-to-face tips. Now that you understand such a simple truth, you have a goal in your work. From books, media, computers, and so on, you can see how the daily life of the European and American people is done, what do they like to talk about. With this knowledge, you can drill down one by class, and then find a chance to talk about it with others. In this way, your words will be polite, and you will be right, and you will naturally. At the same time, you can also discard the common Chinese thinking in spoken English. You can say it is not a matter of course!

3. Understand the conversation process and create a language environment. Put the elephant into the refrigerator in three steps. A complete conversation process can also be divided into three steps. Step 1: Greetings; Step 2: talk; Step 3: Say goodbye. The problem is the same as installing an elephant: The idea is clear, but it is difficult to implement it. Because there are too many problems involved here, I don't know how to use this diary to clearly describe every link in it. As a result, I will provide you with a list. You can collect frequently used sentence structures based on the ideas provided in this form and exercise them in an orderly manner, I believe that your verbal skills will definitely fly over the conversation layer. I will not talk about how to use it after I have mastered all the links. You can refer to the article "How to Improve Listening in English, the method for creating the language environment mentioned in this article has been very detailed.

As I mentioned above, the fifth layer is definitely not the CAP for learning spoken language, but the starting point for actually learning spoken language. What I have done is mainly to help you learn the basics of your spoken language. Once you understand the truth, you can do whatever you like. All said have strengths. As long as my long article can give you a little inspiration or gain, I will be satisfied. Finally, I wish you all the best in your oral English.