Overclock of various computer components

Overclocking

    

   In a strict sense, superfrequency is a broad concept. It refers to any behavior that increases the working frequency of a computer component and enables it to work at a non-standard frequency to improve the working performance of the component, these include CPU overclocking, motherboard overclocking, memory overclocking, display card overclocking, hard disk overclocking, and so on.

 

   Generally speaking, the CPU overfrequency is only a method used to increase the CPU operating frequency. Generally, CPU manufacturers reserve some room for frequency to ensure product quality. For example, a 2 GHz p4cpu can only be sold at GHz, therefore, the CPU overfrequency method enables you to improve the performance of your computer system at a low cost.

 

   In the past, our frequently used method was to speed up the CPU clock. Today, many motherboard manufacturers have begun to provide user-friendly overclocking functions on their own products. Therefore, the overclocking method has changed from hard overclocking to a more convenient and simpler soft overclocking method. Hard overclocking is achieved by manually setting the external frequency, CPU, memory, and other operating voltage through the jumper or dip switch on the motherboard; the soft overclocking refers to setting parameters such as the outer frequency, frequency doubling, and voltage of each part in the BIOS of the system. Some motherboard manufacturers have also introduced the dummies overclocking function, that is, the motherboard can automatically increase the external frequency in 1 MHz units, and automatically find the highest frequency for users to ensure stable CPU operation.

 

   The cooling unit is very important for overclocking. If you can start the computer after the clock is over, but within one minute, your machine will die, which is usually the cause of your CPU overheating. The cooling device we choose is usually a heat sink, fan, or simultaneous installation. You can find these devices in the Computer City. When purchasing a heat sink, make sure that your CPU matches it. The surface of the heat sink must be completely in contact with the surface of the CPU. You can stick the heat sink with the CPU. If necessary, you can add a small fan to the heat sink. At the same time, the heat dissipation of the chassis is also very important.

 

   Overclocking is harmful to the CPU and the components on the motherboard. However, when appropriate, this damage will not immediately come to your CPU, it is generated only when your CPU runs at a high temperature. Generally, a CPU has a life cycle of about 10 years. overclocking will shorten the life of the CPU.
CPU frequency

  Anyone who knows about computers should be familiar with the word "Frequency! The CPU usage as the core of the machine is of course very heavy.
Yes, because it can directly affect the performance of the machine. So, do you have a thorough understanding of CPU frequency issues? Please come with me,
Let me give you a detailed explanation!

 

   The so-called clock speed, that is, the clock frequency when the CPU is working normally. Theoretically, the higher the CPU clock speed, the faster the speed, because the frequency
The higher the number of commands completed within the Unit clock cycle, the faster the speed. However, due to the differences in the internal structure of various CPUs (such as cache and Instruction Set), the speed is not the same as the clock frequency, such as piII and sayang, Thunderbird and duron, sayang and duron, piII and Thunderbird have different performance levels at the same clock speed. At present, the mainstream CPU clock speed is above 1.7 MHz, and the highest frequency (note, not the fastest) P4 has reached 1.3 GHz, amd thunderbird has reached GHz, and will continue to improve.

 

    After the advent of 486, due to the increasing frequency of CPU operation, some other devices (such as plug-in cards and hard disks) on the PC are working.
Therefore, the CPU frequency is further increased. As a result, the frequency doubling technology has emerged.
It is enough to change the internal frequency of the CPU to a multiple of the external frequency, so as to increase the frequency by increasing the frequency. Therefore, after 486
We are exposed to two new concepts: External frequency and frequency doubling. The relationship between them and the clock speed is the external frequency X multiplier = the clock speed. The external frequency of a CPU and today's
Day we often say that the FSB (front side bus, Front End bus) frequency is the same (note, it is the same frequency), currently on the market
The external CPU frequencies include 66 MHz (SAI Yang series), 100 MHz (some piII and some Thunderbird and all P4 and duron), and 133 MHz (Unit
PiII and part of Thunderbird ). It is worth mentioning that at present, some media have publicized that some CPU frequencies have reached 200 MHz (duron ),
266 MHz (Thunderbird) or even 400 MHz (P4), in fact, is to confuse the outer frequency with the front-end bus, in fact, their outer frequency is still
133 MHz and MHz. However, due to the use of special technologies, the front-end bus can complete two or even four transmission times in a clock cycle,
Therefore, the frontend bus frequency is increased several times. However, from the definition of frequency and frequency doubling, their frequency is not changed accordingly.
I hope you will pay attention to this. Today, the external frequency is not much higher than the original frequency, but the frequency doubling technology has developed to a very high stage.
. In the past, the frequency doubling was only 2-3 times, and the current P4 and Thunderbird have all reached more than 10 times. I don't know if it will be higher in the future.
The current CPU multiplier is usually locked before the factory (except for some engineering samples), while the external frequency is not locked. Some CPUs, such as amd
Duron and Thunderbird can unlock the frequency doubling through special means, while Intel's CPU does not.

 

    Due to the constant increase in the external frequency, it gradually becomes unacceptable to other devices, so the frequency division technology (in fact, this is the main board North Bridge core)
Function ). The frequency division technology is to reduce the CPU external frequency through the North bridge chip of the Main Board, and then provide each plug-in card, hard disk and other devices. Early
In the MHz external frequency era, PCI devices are divided by 2, while those of AGP devices are not. In the later MHz external frequency era, PCI devices are divided by 3.
Secondary 2/3 Frequency Division (some MHz North Bridge chips also support PCI Device 4 Frequency Division); currently, North Bridge chips generally support MHz external frequency, that is
The PCI device is divided by 4 and the AGP device is divided by 2. In short, the North Bridge Chip must enable the PCI device at the standard external frequency (66 MHz, 100 MHz, 133 MHz ).
Only when 33 MHz and 66 MHz are used by the AGP device can the chip officially support this type of out-of-band.

 

    Finally, let's talk about CPU overclocking. CPU overclocking is actually to increase the CPU clock speed by increasing the external frequency or frequency doubling.
System performance. The history of the Super frequency has been very long (in fact, it is also a few years), but what you really like is the production of the Sai Yang series.
In the beginning, the competition between 450 and 366 was over 550. And they are
The external frequency of 66mhz is increased to MHz, thus increasing the CPU clock speed. The early duron superfrequency was different from that of SAI Yang. It cracked the frequency doubling lock.
Then, increase the frequency. In general, the superfrequency is more stable than the superfrequency, because the superfrequency does not change the frequency.
It does not affect the normal operation of other devices. However, if the out-of-band frequency is exceeded, non-standard out-of-band frequencies such as 75 MHz, 83 MHz, and limit MHz may occur,
In these cases, due to the frequency division technology restrictions, other devices cannot work at normal frequencies, which may cause system instability.
, Or even hard disk data loss, serious damage. Therefore, I would like to warn you that overclocking is good but dangerous.
Risks, so please be careful when exceeding the frequency!

 

   This is because many of my friends on the Forum asked me about CPU overclocking, so I asked my younger brother to talk about my experiences.

There are many reasons for a single CPU to be able to exceed the frequency. For example, the quality of the CPU itself varies with the factory overclocking capability of different batches. There is no standard answer. Next, we need to look at other peripheral hardware. The main board has a certain impact on CPU overclocking.

 

 There are three types of overclock users:
1. It is an ordinary beginner player who has just bought a machine. Others will follow the supersteps. I don't know the advantages and disadvantages of superfrequency, but it's just a follow-up of numbness.

2. There are some people who do not have enough funds or who do not want to upgrade or change their hosts. In this case, only the super frequency is eliminated to improve the performance of the machine.

3. Some super players are also known as hardcore players. Those who tend to take out the overclock for interest and ability to break the overclock record. Their overclocking method is very different from that of average players. They try their best to overclock at low temperatures to prevent CPU from being burned down. It is not as simple as air cooling, but with liquid nitrogen, dry ice and other technologies to achieve the cooling effect. After a new record is erased and recorded with software, the CPU and motherboard will be "reimbursed", which is crazy and a waste!

 

Benefits and disadvantages of overclocking:
The advantage is to be able to get higher performance for free and maximize the potential of the CPU. It can achieve the ideal performance of high-frequency users.

The disadvantage is to reduce the CPU service life. When the CPU runs in a non-standard external frequency, it may affect the normal use of other hardware. If it is too high, the system is not stable, but a black screen. Even the CPU connection is burned out.

 

Overclock method:
First, you need to know: frequency = frequency X Frequency Doubling
1 Intel's CPU has locked the frequency doubling at the factory, so it only starts from the external frequency. Some amd CPUs can connect to the L3 Golden Bridge to reduce the frequency doubling and increase the external frequency. Generally, the overclocking technique increases the external frequency to improve the CPU clock speed. Currently, the standard external frequencies of mainstream CPUs are 100, 133, and 166 (Note: 166 is already a hard-to-reach external frequency). It is best to work under the standard external frequency (as described below)

2. If you have not reached the desired level, you can increase the CPU voltage (Note: The best increase is 0.01 at a time). Although you can increase the voltage to break through the CPU clock speed again, however, this will increase the temperature and reduce the service life by adding the CPU power. Too high will burn out, remember to appropriate.

 

Notes for overclocking:
1 The most critical problem is the most common problem-temperature. When the hardware quality problem is eliminated, the temperature is the biggest "enemy" of the super-frequency ". In order to be able to achieve high frequency, many people have made great effort in terms of heat dissipation. They have bought a fan of several hundred yuan, water-cooled, and even used liquid nitrogen and dry ice. If the temperature exceeds the upper limit of the CPU, it will burn out.

2. Set an issue alert in the BIOS. Generally, it is set to 60 degrees.

3. When the CPU is working at a non-standard external frequency, it may cause abnormal operation on PCI, AGP, and other devices (the normal operating frequency is 33 MHz and 66 MHz ). This is the best option for the motherboard to enable or disable the operation frequency of PCI and AGP. When the external frequency of the CPU is 100, it means 3-way division, 133 means 4-way division, and 166 means 5-way division.

4. Don't be too happy even if the super frequency reaches a certain frequency and does not crash. It does not mean that your machine is stable because it is okay to run several software at startup. You have to run some large 3D games such as thunder hammer 3 for over an hour.