P2P port uping UPnP functions and usage

I read a lot of articles on how to enable the UPnP function on the Internet, and found that no article can fully introduce the entire UPnP setup process. Therefore, I decided to write an article and at least take the overall idea of setting up UPnP into account. Because different operating systems and different models of ADSL Modem are involved, this article cannot cover all aspects, but at least provide a complete idea. Due to the limited level, please give pointers if you cannot.

I. Concepts of UPnP:

The following is an explanation of UPnP on the Microsoft Official Website:

Q: What is UPnP?

A: Universal plug-and-play (UPnP) is a common architecture for peer-to-peer network connection between PC machines and smart devices (or instruments), especially in the home. Based on Internet standards and technologies (such as TCP/IP, HTTP, and XML), UPnP enables devices to automatically connect to and work with each other to enable the network (especially the home network) it is possible for more people.

Q: What does UPnP mean to consumers?

A: simple, more choices, and more innovative experiences. Network products that contain general plug-and-play technologies only need to be connected to the network to start working normally. In fact, UPnP can be used together with any network media technology (wired or wireless. For example, this includes the category 5 ethernet cable, Wi-Fi or 802.11b wireless network, IEEE 1394 ("FireWire"), telephone line network, or power line network. When these devices are connected to PCs, users can take full advantage of a variety of innovative services and applications.

The following is an explanation of UPnP on the official BC Website:

UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) is a general plug-and-play protocol. It cannot be simply understood as UPnP = "automatic port ing ". In the bitcomet download, UPnP contains two layers:

1. For an intranet computer, the UPnP function of bitcomet Enables automatic port ing between the NAT module of the gateway or vro to map the port listened by bitcomet from the gateway or vro to the Intranet computer.

2. The network firewall module of the gateway or router opens this port to other computers on the Internet.

I think Microsoft's interpretation is too theoretical and suitable for writing into the Oxford Dictionary, while the explanation on the official website of BC is too obscure. In fact, for general users, you can simply understand UPnP as automatic port ing. It is a new Internet protocol based on TCP/IP protocol for communication between devices, the purpose is to allow all devices connected to the Internet to communicate with each other without being blocked by the gateway in the future.

2. Which users need to use the UPnP function?

1. We need to consider UPnP only when we need to use P2P software that supports UPnP, such as BT, eMule, and MSN. If you don't need the software, just browse the Internet, you don't have to read the following;

2. If you need to use the P2P software, but you are an Internet user, you can skip the following sections, because you can use the P2P software normally without the need for UPnP;
3. If you are an intranet user, but you have manually mapped the ports for these P2P software, for example, you can see "remote" in the "user list" When downloading data using BC ", or, after successfully connecting to the server using the eMule, it is displayed as a high ID. You can skip the following steps.

However, it should be noted that the manual port ing only works for a P2P software. If a new P2P software is used, port ing is still required for new P2P software;

4. If you are an intranet user, you need to use these P2P software without manual port ing. For example, when you use BC for download, in the "user list", there is only "local" and no "remote". When using the eMule, It also displays a low ID. In this case, we need to consider the port ing problem!

In this case, we can have two options:

1. perform manual port ing.

2. Enable the UPnP function and perform automatic port ing, which is what we will talk about below;

Summary: objective of UPnP automatic port ing:

Taking BC as an example, both manual port ing and automatic UPNP port ing are intended to obtain remote connections. Therefore, users who see "remote" in the "user list" Can, no port ing or UPnP is required! UPnP and port ing only need to take one of them. They are equivalent to two different methods to achieve the goal.

Therefore, if your system or hardware does not support the UPnP function, you don't have to worry about it. You can do port ing manually according to the method in the 3rd-point link article. The effect is the same;
Iii. Conditions for UPnP implementation:

Three conditions must be met simultaneously:

1. the modem must support the UPnP function: Check the instruction documents or consult the manufacturer. Generally, modem must also support the routing function, unless you have a separate router;

2. Operating System Support: In the article about UPnP mentioned at the beginning of this article, only Windows XP supports UPnP, however, Microsoft's official website claims that the UPnP feature has been supported since Windows ME. However, I have never used Windows ME. You can test it on your own;

3. The software must support UPnP functions, such as BC, eMule, and MSN;

By the way, the current video chat software has its own particularity. For example, NetMeeting and QQ do not support the UPnP function. At the end of the article, I will elaborate on the particularity of these video chat software, I will not discuss it in depth here;

Note: The preceding three conditions must be met at the same time. Otherwise, you must consider manual port ing;

 

4. How to enable the UPnP Function

If the above three conditions have been met, we will explain step by step how to enable the UPnP function;

1. Enable the UPnP function in the modem.

The interface and method for setting modem of different models are slightly different. For example, if enable is selected from the drop-down menu, the basic principle is the same;

As mentioned in some articles, all the EOA connections that are bridging must be deleted at this time. I don't think so. Currently, only your pppoe connection is valid. The VPI and VCI corresponding to several other EOA instances are invalid, so you do not need to delete them. However, whether there are some models of modem is special and difficult to explain. Therefore, we recommend that you do not delete the modem at this time. After completing all the settings, if you still haven't enabled UPnP, try to delete the EOA;

Of course, you must save the settings and restart the modem;

2. Enable the UPnP function in the operating system:

If you are using an XP SP2 system, go to Control Panel> add or delete Programs> Add/delete Windows Components, select "UPnP User Interface" in "network service ".

After confirmation, the system will automatically install the corresponding components, and may prompt you to insert the installation disc. Follow the prompts to complete the operation;

Next, open the firewall that comes with windows, and select "UPnP framework" on the "exceptions" tab ".

In fact, there is a simpler way to complete the above two steps at the same time: double-click the network neighbors on the desktop (note that the left mouse button is double-clicked, not right-click to view properties ), then, click "display the icon of the online UPnP Device". The system will automatically install the UPnP component and open the UPnP framework in the firewall. In fact, the above two steps are completed at one time;

If you are using the XP SP1 system, "General Plug and Play" is displayed in "Windows Components" instead of "UPnP User Interface". Select this option.

In addition, the firewall of the XP SP1 system does not have the UPnP framework option, and you need to manually add ports. Another tutorial describes this and is now referenced as follows:

[Click "advanced" in firewall settings, and add the following two ports: TCP port type, port number: 2869, UDP port type, and port number: 1900. Because you use a NAT gateway, you should set a firewall that connects to the NIC of the gateway. In addition, the gateway is Intranet, so enabling these two ports will not cause security risks to the system (unless your NAT gateway is bypassed, the external connection will not detect this port ).]

The above firewall settings are only for Windows built-in firewalls. If you have installed other firewalls, you must enable the UPnP framework in the firewall;

3. Open the corresponding UPnP service in Windows:

Go to Control Panel> Administrative Tools> services and find SSDP Discovery Service and Universal Plug and Play Device Host.

Right-click the corresponding service item and select Properties to start the two services.

After completing the above work, if the operation is correct, we can see an additional gateway in "network connection", which indicates that the UPnP has been successfully added;

4. Enable the UPnP function in P2P software:

The following uses BC and eMule as an example to describe the corresponding settings.

So far, the work of UPnP is truly finished.

Taking BC as an example, after the UPnP function is successfully added, we will see several lines similar to the following in "Global log:
Windows XP UPnP status: Found WAN connection device [Linksys Inc.] [http://www.linksys.com/]
Windows XP UPnP status: Wan IP: 218. 30 .*.*
Windows XP UPnP status: port mapping existed!

In this case, we use BC for download. If the user list contains "remote", or the eMule is connected to the server and displayed as a high ID, this is all done!

V. simple comparison of several video chat software:

Currently, commonly used video chat software mainly includes MSN, netmeeting, and QQ. Among the three software, only MSN supports the UPnP function, and it is found that there is no option to set the UPnP function in the options of MSN, that is to say, MSN always enables the UPnP function by default. In addition, MSN does not seem to provide port numbers that can be manually mapped like BC or eMule. Therefore, as long as the UPnP function is not enabled, MSN functions will be limited, for example, voice communication is not allowed;

Although netmeeting does not support UPnP, it provides a port number for manual port ing. If you are an intranet user, you only need to manually map ports 1503 and 1720 to use all audio and video functions;

Qq uses UDP to transmit audio and video files through UDP servers. It has nothing to do with UPnP. Therefore, QQ can be used in both the Intranet and Internet, the transmission speed is slower;

To be honest, I do not often chat online, so I do not know much about these chat software. If something is wrong, you are welcome to give advice.