Package management: RPM Yum Summary
I. Introduction to RPM
RPM is an abbreviation for RPM Package Manager, which has a Redhat logo, but its original design concept is open and now includes OpenLinux, S.U.S.E and Turbo Linux distributions such as Linux are used and are recognized as industry standards.
Second, the use of RPM package management
1, can install, delete, upgrade and management software, of course, also support online installation and upgrade software;
2, through the RPM package management can know what the package contains files, you can also know the system of a file belonging to which package;
3, can be in the query system of the package is installed and its version;
4, as a developer can package their own program for the RPM package release;
5, Package signing GPG and MD5 import, verification and signature release
6. Check the dependencies to see if there are any packages that disrupt the system due to incompatibility;
Third, the use of RPM rights
RPM Software Installation, deletion, update only the root permission to use, for the query function of any user can operate, if the normal user has the installation directory permissions, can also be installed.
Four, RPM Package management query function
Command format
RPM {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]
The RPM query function is extremely powerful and is one of the most important functions; For a few common examples, more specific, please refer to #man rpm
1, the system has installed the software query;
1) Query the system has installed software;
Syntax: RPM-Q software name
Example: [[email protected] beinan]# rpm-q Gaim gaim-1.3.0-1.fc4
-Q is--query, this command indicates whether the system has Gaim installed, and if there is information output. If there is no installation will output Gaim will not install the information;
To view all installed packages in the system, add the-a parameter;
[[email protected] rpms]# RPM-QA if Page view, plus a pipeline | and more command;
[Email protected] rpms]# Rpm-qa |more
Look for a software in all installed packages, such as Gaim, which can be extracted with grep;
[[email protected] rpms]# RPM-QA |grep gaim results are the same as rpm-q gaim output;
2) query which package a file is already installed in;
Syntax RPM-QF filename NOTE: The absolute path where the file name is located to indicate
Example: [[email protected] rpms]# RPM-QF/USR/ETC/TEXT1
3) query where the installed packages are installed
Syntax: RPM-QL [software name] or rpm RPMQUERY-QL [software name]
Example: [[email protected] rpms]# RPM-QL Lynx
[Email protected] rpms]# RPMQUERY-QL Lynx
4) query information for an installed package
Syntax format: RPM-QI software name
Example: [[email protected] rpms]# Rpm-qi Lynx
5) Check the configuration file of the installed software;
Syntax format: RPM-QC software name
Example: [[email protected] rpms]# RPM-QC Lynx
6) View a document where the software has been installed:
Syntax format: RPM-QD software name
Example: [[email protected] rpms]# RPM-QD Lynx
7) Check the packages and files on which the software is installed;
Syntax format: RPM-QR software name
Example: [[email protected] beinan]# RPM-QR Rpm-python
Query the summary of installed software: For a package has been installed, we can combine a series of parameters together;
e.g. Rpm-qil;
[Email protected] rpms]# Rpm-qil Lynx
2. For non-installed packages, view:
The prerequisite for viewing is that you have a. rpm file, which means a view of the existing software file.rpm;
1) To view the use of a software package, version and other information;
Syntax: Rpm-qpi file.rpm
Example: [[email protected] rpms]# Rpm-qpi lynx-2.8.5-23.i386.rpm
2) View the files contained in a package;
Syntax: RPM-QPL file.rpm
Example: [[email protected] rpms]# RPM-QPL lynx-2.8.5-23.i386.rpm
3) View the location of the package's documentation;
Syntax: RPM-QPD file.rpm
Example: [[email protected] rpms]# RPM-QPD lynx-2.8.5-23.i386.rpm
4) View the configuration file of a package;
Syntax: RPM-QPC file.rpm
Example: [[email protected] rpms]# RPM-QPC lynx-2.8.5-23.i386.rpm
v. Introduction to Yum
Yum (full name Yellow dog Updater, Modified) is a shell front-end package manager in Fedora and Redhat and SuSE. Based on RPM package management, the ability to automatically download RPM packages from specified servers and install them automatically handles dependency relationships and installs all dependent packages at once, without the hassle of downloading and installing them over and over again. Yum provides commands for finding, installing, and deleting one, a group, or even all of the packages.
Vi. Configuration of Yum
1. Establishing a Yum source
(1) put the RPM package you want to provide unified into a directory, the directory as the source address.
(2) To establish the download source data of Yum in this directory, it can be established by Createrepo this software (need to install this soft piece)
Command: createrepo/var/ftp/pub/
This folder is the home folder of the file after the FTP server has been established, of course, only after the FTP service is turned on to access it from the network.
2. Set Yum (set Yum to include setting two parts)
(1) Setting the content of the Yum software itself
Set the yum.conf file to be stored in the/etc/directory
The specific setting method can be queried by man yum.conf
(2) Yum Source Definition file
This file is more important and is stored in the/etc/yum.repos.d/directory. The file name can be created by itself, but the suffix must be repo
The editing syntax for this file is:
[TESTRHCE]
Name=study Linux for Rhce
baseurl=ftp://192.168.1.1/pub/
Enable=1
Gpgcheck=1
Two sources can be defined in the same file
After editing this file, you can use Yum to download the RPM packages that are included in the update source.
3. How to use Yum
(1) Yum cache cleanup Yum Clean all this command clears all content in the/var/cache/yum/directory if Yum runs abnormally with this command.
(2) List of installed packages Yum List installed
(3) List Yum package Group Yum Grouplist
(4) Get information on RPM package Yum info Tigervnc with Rpm-qi
(5) Search RPM package Yum search Tigervnc
(6) Install RPM package Yum install Tigervnc
(7) Unload RPM package Yum Remove Tigervnc
VII. command format
The order form of Yum is generally as follows:
Yum [options] [command] [package ...]
Where [options] is optional, [command] is the action to be taken, [package ...] Is the object of the operation.
Common options:
H (Help),
-Y (when the installation process prompts you to select all "Yes")
-Q (does not display the installation process)
Eight, some of the commonly used commands include
Automatically search for the fastest image plugin: Yum install Yum-fastestmirror
Installing the Yum graphics window plugin: Yum install Yumex
View a list of possible bulk installations: Yum Grouplist
1. Installation
Yum Install all installed
Yum Install Package1 installs the specified installation package Package1
Yum groupinsall group1 Installer group group1
2. Updates and Upgrades
Yum Update all Updates
Yum check-update Check for updatable programs
Yum Upgrade Package1 upgrade specified package Package1
Yum groupupdate group1 upgrade program group Group1
3 Finding and displaying
Yum Info package1 Displays installation package information Package1
Yum list shows all packages that are installed and can be installed
Yum List Package1 shows the installation of the specified package Package1
Yum groupinfo group1 Display program group group1 information Yum Search string
Find the installation package based on the keyword string
4 Removing programs
Yum Remove & #124; Erase Package1 Remove Package Package1
Yum groupremove group1 Remove a program group group1
Yum deplist package1 Viewing program package1 dependencies
5 Clearing the Cache
Yum Clean packages clears the package from the cache directory
Yum clean headers clears the headers in the cache directory
Yum clean oldheaders Clear Cache directory for old headers
Yum clean, yum clean all (= Yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders)
Clear the cache directory of the package and the old headers
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Package management: RPM Yum Summary