Partitioning and formatting Linux USB flash disks and creating Linux File Systems

It is particularly worth mentioning that there are many things worth learning about Linux USB flash drives. Here we mainly introduce Linux U partition disks, including Linux U formatting disks. I always wanted to use a 256 MB Linux USB flash drive to create a micro-Linux system. However, I did not try it many times. Today I finally made a MB Linux system. I have encountered many problems. Now I will summarize them to facilitate further optimization.

Procedure

I. Linux USB disk partitioning

Because my Linux USB flash drive is only 256 MB, if two partitions are separated, the capacity may be insufficient. Therefore, I would like to divide the Linux USB flash drive into only one partition. Use the fdisk/dev/sdb command to divide the USB flash disk into two partitions: One Ext3 partition and one FAT16 partition, and mark the Linux partition as a bootable partition.

 
 

  
  
Disk /dev/sdb: 262 MB, 262012928 bytes  
  
  
1 heads, 56 sectors/track, 9138 cylinders  
  
  
Units = cylinders of 56 * 512 = 28672 bytes  
  
  
Disk identifier: 0x00000000 
 
 

 
 

  
  
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  
  
  
/dev/sdb1               2         200        5572    6  FAT16  
  
  
/dev/sdb2     *        201        9138      250264   83  Linux 
 
 

Note: It seems that the Linux USB flash drive is not stable to separate an ext3 partition? I often go back to FAT16 for no reason.

Ii. Linux USB flash disk formatting

It is worth noting that you must uninstall the Linux USB flash drive before formatting.

Sudo mkfs. vfat/dev/sdb1
Sudo mke2fs-j-m0-l san/dev/sdb2
Sudo tune2fs-c-0-I 0/dev/sdb2

3. Create initRD

The prompt "-- preload = ehci-hcd" is not found during production. I am not sure if there is a problem with this writing method, or should it be "-- preload = ehci_hcd "? Sudo mkinitrd -- preload = ehci-hcd -- preload = usb-storage -- preload = scsi_mod -- preload = sd_mod/boot/usbinitrd. img 'uname-R'

4. Create a Linux File System

Mount the Linux usb flash drive and modify the usb directory permission, create the following chmod 777-R/mnt/usb mkdir bin sbin etc dev lib sys proc usr var root home tmp mnt selinux folder under the Linux usb disk directory.

Then, copy the boot bin sbin etc lib directory in the existing ora10 file system and all the files below it to the Linux USB flash drive (my approach is to manually copy, in this way, the link can be retained. Of course, cp-arp can also be used. My Linux USB flash drive is poor and the Read-Only System problem often occurs, but mount it again!

Note:
1. Later, I tried to manually Mount the file with a text terminal!
2. There is another issue about disk check. During the creation process, the Linux USB flash drive may have an error. In this case, run the e2fsck command to check the corresponding partition, such as e2fsck/dev/sdb2.
3. When creating a file system, you must use UUID to prevent mount misplacement and damage the Linux U disk file system!
4. When the system starts, a line of Log "loading/lib/keymaps/i386/qwerty/us. map" is displayed. This shows that the system dynamic link library file under lib is quite critical!

The following table lists the two-layer directory structure of the file system. Some of the folders are empty. However, after the system starts up, it will create corresponding files, such as/proc, in the directory. It is worth mentioning that my Fedora10 only has a text interface but no graphical interface. Therefore, the file system will be smaller. We recommend that you use a file system without a graphical interface if you want to create a Linux U disk boot disk. This saves a lot of space.

When creating a file system, pay special attention to the configuration of the/etc/fstab file as follows:
Note: For UUID usage issues, see UUID.

 
 

  
  
#/dev/sdb1   /   ext3    defaults        1 1  
  
  
UUID=bbcbb70a-3da2-47cc-becd-5f3e3a162803    /   ext3    defaults        1 1  
  
  
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0  
  
  
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0  
  
  
none                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0  
 
 

 
 

  
  
[san@localhost san_fs]$ tree -d -L 2  
  
  
|-- bin   
  
  
|-- boot  
  
  
|   |-- efi  
  
  
|   |-- grub  
  
  
|   `-- upgrade  
  
  
|-- dev   
  
  
|-- etc   
  
  
|   |-- NetworkManager  
  
  
|   |-- X11  
  
  
|   |-- alternatives  
  
  
|   |-- avahi  
  
  
|   |-- blkid  
  
  
|   |-- chkconfig.d  
  
  
|   |-- cron.daily  
  
  
|   |-- dbus-1  
  
  
|   |-- default  
  
  
|   |-- depmod.d  
  
  
|   |-- dirmngr  
  
  
|   |-- event.d  
  
  
|   |-- fonts  
  
  
|   |-- gcrypt  
  
  
|   |-- gnupg  
  
  
|   |-- init.d -> rc.d/init.d  
  
  
|   |-- iproute2  
  
  
|   |-- kernel  
  
  
|   |-- ld.so.conf.d  
  
  
|   |-- logrotate.d  
  
  
|   |-- lvm  
  
  
|   |-- makedev.d  
  
  
|   |-- modprobe.d  
  
  
|   |-- netplug  
  
  
|   |-- netplug.d  
  
  
|   |-- openldap  
  
  
|   |-- opt  
  
  
|   |-- pam.d  
  
  
|   |-- pki  
  
  
|   |-- popt.d  
  
  
|   |-- ppp  
  
  
|   |-- prelink.conf.d  
  
  
|   |-- profile.d  
  
  
|   |-- rc.d  
  
  
|   |-- rc0.d -> rc.d/rc0.d  
  
  
|   |-- rc1.d -> rc.d/rc1.d  
  
  
|   |-- rc2.d -> rc.d/rc2.d  
  
  
|   |-- rc3.d -> rc.d/rc3.d  
  
  
|   |-- rc4.d -> rc.d/rc4.d  
  
  
|   |-- rc5.d -> rc.d/rc5.d  
  
  
|   |-- rc6.d -> rc.d/rc6.d  
  
  
|   |-- rpm  
  
  
|   |-- rwtab.d  
  
  
|   |-- sasl2  
  
  
|   |-- security  
  
  
|   |-- selinux  
  
  
|   |-- skel  
  
  
|   |-- statetab.d  
  
  
|   |-- sysconfig  
  
  
|   |-- terminfo  
  
  
|   |-- udev  
  
  
|   |-- xdg  
  
  
|   |-- xinetd.d  
  
  
|   |-- yum  
  
  
|   `-- yum.repos.d  
  
  
|-- home   
  
  
|-- lib   
  
  
|   |-- bdevid  
  
  
|   |-- dbus-1  
  
  
|   |-- firmware  
  
  
|   |-- i686  
  
  
|   |-- kbd  
  
  
|   |-- modules  
  
  
|   |-- rtkaio  
  
  
|   |-- security  
  
  
|   |-- terminfo  
  
  
|   |-- tls  
  
  
|   |-- udev  
  
  
|   `-- xtables  
  
  
|-- mnt  
  
  
|-- proc  
  
  
|-- root  
  
  
|-- sbin  
  
  
|-- selinux  
  
  
|-- sys  
  
  
|-- tmp  
  
  
|-- usr  
  
  
`-- var 
 
 

(Lib lock run log and other directories need to be created under this directory, which can be determined according to the prompt after the system is up) 85 directories

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