Oneview of file propertieswith the above describedls–lYou can view the file's property information,Ls–ldYou can view the property information for a directory
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1. File Type
-# Normal file
D # Directory
C # character device
S # Sockets
P # Pipe
B # block device
L # Connection
2, owner, group, other user's rights
- # represents a permission to change a file or directory missing
R # Read permission to change files
# Read permission to change directory
W # Write permission to change files
# There is a permission to add delete to the directory
X # Execute right for files that perform the actions described in their files
# have access to the catalogue
3 . Meaning of "1"
to file: The number of times a file's contents have been recorded
to Directory: The number of bytes of the file attribute in the directory
4 . The first root means
The owner of the file
5 . The second root means
change the group to which the file is owned
6, the meaning of Ten
the size of the file contents
7, Jul 18 20:56
time the file was last modified
8, Feitian
the name of the file
Twoadministration of the file owner, the owning group
1. Chown Command
1"He can modify the owner of the user
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2He can simultaneously modify the user's owning group and its owner
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3He can only modify the group
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so the basic CHGRP command is not available .
1. chmod Command
1the way to modify the characters
chmod U+r|w|x|file # indicates that the owner of the file is added to read or write or to perform file permissions
chmod u-r|w|x| File # represents the deletion of files that the owner reads or writes or executes.
chmod G+r|w|x/file # indicates that the group to which the file belongs is added read or added permission to delete or to enter file directory
chmod G-r|w|x/file # indicates that the deleted file belongs to the group read or delete the permission to add a or enter the file directory
chmod U+rw,g+rwfile # indicates to the owner of the file to increase read and write permissions to the group to which the file belongs
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2. Modify the permissions of a file in a digital way
X # is equivalent to x, which has a value of 1
W # is equivalent to write, it has a value of 2
R # equivalent to read, with a value of 4
RWX------>7
RW------>6
RX------>5
R------>4
W------>2
x------>1
chmod 777 File # indicates that the owner of the modified files, the group to which it belongs, and other users have read and write permissions to the file
chmod 777/file # indicates that the owner of the directory is modified, the group to which it belongs, and that other users have read more permission to delete and access the directory
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use grep to filter out the total number of files displayed for easy viewing
1. Chgrp Command
CHGRP Linux File # modifies the group to which the files belong to Linux
ThreeModify permissions for directories and files created by default on the system
1 . File and directory default permissions determination
1default permissions of File
666 minus The value of umask # Note: If the value of Umask is greater than 666, the permission for that location is 0
2default permissions for catalog files
777 minus the value of umask
2. Modify the umask value
1Temporary modification of umask value
umask+ the umask value you want to modify
2"permanently fix the umask value
modifying The value of umask in /etc/profile
If [$UID-gt 199] && ["' id-gn '" = "' Id-un '"]; Then
Umask 002 # # Ordinary user Umask
All else
Umask 077 # # Super User Umask
Modify The umask value in /ETC/BASHRC
If [$UID-gt 199] && ["' id-gn '" = "' Id-un '"]; Then
Umask 002 # # Ordinary user Umask
All else
Umask 077 # # Super User Umask
Note: The umask values of the above two files must be consistent, and errors may occur if different. After modifying the above file, use "." or "source" executes the source file to let the system reload the contents
Fouraccess control for files
1. ACL definition
ACL = AccessControl, specifying special-time users have specific rights to files
2, command setfacl,getfacl
1 " Getfacl
Gerfacl +/file A special list of rights to view the directory
2"Setfacl
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getfacl/westos/
#file: westos/# # file name
#owner: Root # # file owner
#group: Root # # file All groups
USER::RWX # # Owner Permissions
USER:STUDENT:RWX # # Special User Rights
Group::---# # groups Permissions
MASK::RWX # # permission mask, maximum permissions for a file
Other::---# # other people permissions
Note:The value of mask is less than the permissions that the user ls sees,ls-l can see the permission is false, the maximum is the mask permission.
parameters of the Getfacl
-M # Add special permission lists for directories or files
Setfacl-m <u|g>:<usrname|groupname>:< Permissions > files or directories
-X # Deletes a list of special permissions for a directory or file
Setfacl-x <u|g>:<usrname|groupname> files or directories
-B # special permission list to close files or directories
Setfacl-b file or directory
FiveSpecial Permissions
1. Suid # #冒险位
1 "for directories: only for binary executables, the files that are recorded within the process are the owner of the file owner and the process initiator, regardless of the identity of the person who created the file.
2"to file: Execute the action of the file as the owner
Setting Mode: His value suid=4, he is the umask value 0422 in 4
Chmodu+s file
Chmod4xxx file
2.sgid # # adventure for bit,s permission
1"to file: only for binary executables, anyone running a binary program when the program produces the process of all groups is not the identity of all the groups of the file and the program initiator group
2for directory: All groups of all files created in the directory after the directory has sgid permissions
are automatically attributed to all groups in the directory, regardless of the group that the file creator resides in
Setting Mode: Its value sgid=2, he is the value of umask 2
Chmodg+s File|dir
Chmod2xxx File|dir
3.sticky## Sticky bits
only for Directories , when a directory has t permissions, then the files in the directory can only be deleted by the owner of the file
Set Mode: Its value is Sticky=1, and he umask 1 of the value of
Chmodo+t Direcotry
chmod 1xxx Direcotry
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Permissions for Linux files