Plan your academic journey in your life-write it to new doctoral students (reference)

1 Preface
Today, when I started preparing for the question, I suddenly thought of this thing: I usually protest against the fact that the owner still has the public. I am short-sighted and do not know how to plan the construction in advance, even if the building is not designed, it will start to dig for a house. As a result, there will always be no worries and close worries.
But I think of the academic research of our doctoral students (masters do not talk about it, because I think the current direction is gradually achieved, and masters are no longer academic, there are a lot of tasks that are not planned in advance. According to the pale academic system and curriculum of Tsinghua doctor's education, there are many people who cannot graduate on time and have poor papers (I just cannot graduate on time ). As to whether it can have a true academic quality, you know.

I am ashamed to say that I have been in the ninth year of building in Tsinghua, and I found myself confused for so many years in the eighth year. Following China's pale malformed education system, I quickly got to the top of my degree in the eyes of Chinese people, I found myself still blind. Write this article todayArticleIn order to organize yourself, remind students by the way.

Qing Hua's education is known as the first-class undergraduate second-stream master's third-stream doctor, which I think is probably so interesting. However, in fact, it should be said that the education system and methods of Tsinghua are both second-class, but the requirements for undergraduate courses are low and the requirements for doctoral students are high. When teachers and students rely on their own individual struggles to a certain extent, it seems that the undergraduate course is relatively good, And the doctoral degree is relatively poor. Tsinghua can train Individual professors of individual masters, but it does not have a reliable approach to train a group of masters. As the saying goes, this is called "Expect Day ".

In short, for a person who is willing to join the academic field (I think it is important to be a doctor), the academic field is not a few years of work, but a lifetime of work.
To engage in academics, you must plan your academic journey for a lifetime. The sooner the better.
Planning may not be possible, but we have to look at Rp without planning. What is the difficulty of Using RP as a master?

2. Sound knowledge
When Tsinghua was a general university in early years, some scholars complained that they could not train half of the students. Here we talk about Humanistic Qualities. Some people say that there are four stages in the academic realm: "Do not know yourself, do not know yourself, do not know yourself, and know yourself. I want to say that the fourth stage is impossible. Normally, it should be a loop between Stages 2 and 3. Most people are clearly in the first stage. The Chinese Library Classification divides all knowledge books into "philosophy, religion, general social science theory, ***, law, military, economy, culture, science, education, sports, language and text, literature, art, history, geography, natural science overview, mathematics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, surveying and painting, geophysical, meteorology, geology, oceanic, natural geography, biological science, medical and health, and agriculture science, forestry, fishery, industrial technology, transportation, aerospace, environmental science, and comprehensive books, ask yourself which ones have you learned?
humanistic knowledge refers to the knowledge that a healthy person should possess. At this moment, we will not talk about academics. After Tsinghua became an engineering college, there was a serious lack of humanistic quality education. I once envied foreign college students, first of all, to learn the introduction of natural science and social science, we can have a sound knowledge base. Now I want to come to an end. A comprehensive quality education is obviously achieved through a sound education system, rather than one or two courses. It is normal for many students to enter the university and find they do not like their majors. Because their parents and middle school teachers generally do not know what many majors are and what industries they engage in. In this case, can you choose the right major!

Therefore, most of the difficulties in life come from lack of knowledge (we will not talk about the problem of talent for the moment)
Someone can earn money as a boss and ask a technician to work for him because he is good at earning money. Someone can be an official (not an official) because he has the knowledge of being an official. Some people say it depends on experience! In fact, experience is exactly what science wants to turn it into knowledge. Modern science is Experience science, which I did not know when I accidentally learned a course about scientific philosophy. Humans always sum up everything as knowledge. What you need to understand is the whole body of this knowledge. Most of the experiences in life are summarized. Many things you think are experiences. In fact, they have already been studied in specialized disciplines. Although some knowledge is secret, such as the knowledge of the dominant person and the knowledge that harms people. Some experiences are hard to be summarized, but you should at least know what you have summarized.
New users are often confused, but they do not need to be confused. Most people are not qualified to be confused. They are just ignorant. When you get to know all the relevant knowledge, you are qualified to be confused about the problems that cannot be solved so far, such as life and death, material and spirit.
Planning is a specialized knowledge. Many people do not know what they can learn, what they should learn, and what they are suitable. Management planning is a basic knowledge. If you don't know anything, you can jump into a specific knowledge technology, and then you will die. China's education problems are fatal in this regard.

I am lucky to say that architecture is not only interesting but also important to the society to earn money. However, few of you may know what the architecture major is doing? It is not surprising that there is Modern Architectural Education in China, that is, since 1928, and urban planning is even later. I do not know whether the content of this subject is normal.
Some people in Shui Mu know all kinds of games well, some know the quotations of various computer accessories, and some know the brand of cosmetics. But how many people know about the human knowledge system? Everyone knows about goods comparison, but how many people who learn knowledge know about goods comparison? People often complain that * ** leaders are still confused, but how much professional knowledge do they know when they put themselves in the air? It is quite difficult to understand the comprehensive knowledge of society, not to mention that management is a complicated learning.
It is interesting and worthwhile to know the knowledge system of the whole human society and the operation of various industries in the society.

Never be proud of a doctor even with comprehensive knowledge. This is not profound, but sound. Just like a person cannot be healthy or strong, don't miss your arm or legs, and don't be hurt. Don't even have half of your body (disgusting, half-side body ...) however, there are so many disabilities .... my mentor is an old comrade with a strong political skill, but one day I suddenly told us that Yang zhenning's Humanistic Qualities were very profound from a speech, which made me very scared... physics requires such Humanistic Qualities. What's more, we tend to be humanistic...
In short, the humanistic quality is not used for your academic purposes, but for you to become a perfect person. We need more people to learn and learn more.

Well, that's why it takes a lifetime to study.
If you have too much knowledge, you have to plan your entire life, but it is still ineffective.
Some people say that a university is just a learning method. I say that after reading a doctor, it is just a learning method.
Some students may have read Li Peng's book, which will resonate with each other. Li Yu is a real learner. He began to read books from an early age (his family has good reading conditions, and his father has many books in his family from Peking University). Gao Yi began to scan all Chinese ancient books and planned his academic career. Later, he compiled a complete set of Chinese famous books and claimed to be the one with the largest number of books in China, because he has not been studying for only two weeks since he became sensible (!!! No one !) He introduced the special architectural ancient book "Create a French" in the book "to introduce the Golden Needle and Man. My fellow students, including myself, have studied extensively since college, and the doctor knows how to plan his academic career, which is at least 10 years later than Li Yu. It is difficult to achieve his academic achievements.

In this way, if you really want to engage in academic studies with masters, you need to be clear-minded and objective-specific efforts from an early age (especially for teenagers in families and developed countries ), it's just to make sure that you don't suffer any losses. On this basis, it is not necessarily a matter of winning the game if you want to fight for talent or savvy or something. Therefore, it is really difficult to engage in academics.

Then I am happy. Science is different from religion and art. Its biggest advantage is that scientific knowledge can be learned by ordinary people (although it may not be able to create knowledge ). Because scientific proof requires that each step of reasoning be self-evident. As long as the spirit is normal, everyone can learn the scientific knowledge they want to learn, but some knowledge takes too much time to learn. Science is approachable and accumulated. Many blunt people can make great innovations. What's more, it is just a simple application for learning. Masters can often teach students, because science can be taught easily. Most people do not have the talent to work hard at a low level, so it is basically a good job for everyone to achieve something. In contrast, it is difficult for ordinary people to learn how to "do things very well" in China.

3. data accumulation
Science is accumulated by bit, and everyone's academic experience is also achieved. If you do not have a good habit of accumulating data, change it.
3.1 hoard books.
All the books you read carefully should have one. I didn't hear that the scholar's family didn't have a lot of books. Effective Research must have a good library, and valuable books cannot be expected to be in the library (except for large professors who can directly sit in the library, when you see something useful, you need to download it. Don't expect it to be online, unless the server is your home. Sort all the required books on shelves and put them in front of your work desk, or put the corresponding electronic document directory clearly on your own hard disk (it's really convenient for all the intellectuals to say about digitalization !) Copy, scan, or remake an image that you cannot afford or can't buy.
3.2. All books should be written online, pasted with notes, comments, notes, and summary. It's a pity that a new book may be reluctant to buy instant posts. Learning is costly ~. Handwriting is not easy. It is best to directly break into the computer. PDA is a good helper and can completely replace the recording book. remember everything you think about when you eat or go to bed. It is good to take time to sort it out. This is also the experience of many masters.
3.3 all well-organized projects, jobs, or activities should be organized and archived. For example, the results of each stage of a project, the outline of each discussion (it is very convenient to use PDA to directly record it), all the contact cards of the Party are included in the folder; a weekend outing, scanned and archived the materials obtained in advance, the invoice tickets in the middle, and the travel notes written in the photos. It's a bit like archiving, isn't it? When I was a child, Li's paper was retained! "The poor and the poor fall under the yellow spring, the mobile phone to find information" is a necessary basic academic skills. It is very important to keep hands-on records at any time.
3.4 Special emphasis on directory clues. That is, the peerless martial arts directory. Most of the time, you don't have time to understand some specific knowledge, but it is useful to remember their directories. Retrieval Tools are one of them. However, the accumulation of knowledge in some disciplines is chaotic, for example, our building discipline. At this time, you need to have a well-structured Resource Directory and constantly add valuable directory clues. You can search for research if necessary or free. Various books, papers, journals, scattered small articles, lectures on reports, tips and comments from mentors, a specialized website, a newly known literature database .... one of the most important items is the bibliography of others' books and papers, which is extremely important to your own major; the other is the journal and magazine, which should be viewed. In addition to your own professional journals, some comprehensive academic journals, such as reading, Southern Weekend, and Southern Wind Window, are worth looking at to learn more about the situation in various aspects of society. People with good knowledge frameworks (or at least learning plans) can learn from every point of view. It's not an academic method to get the best of the world.
3.5 brief humanistic knowledge Basics
I am also a beginner and want to discuss it with you.
Philosophy is the most incomplete aspect of Chinese education, but it is terrible that people cannot have no philosophical thoughts-if you do not study philosophy, it means that you have a mess or a very primitive philosophical thought: methodology, epistemology, world outlook, ethics and morality... original doctor... .... so let every doctor write a philosophical essay of Marxism .... we are PhD! The Study of any subject must start with the history of the subject. Russell's History of Western philosophy is your first bibliography. But Russell died early, so the Contemporary Philosophical Schools should look at other books. Fortunately, it is not thick and nice to read. If you are interested, you can go into your favorite genre. The Chinese philosophy is profound and profound, from which we can know that many social phenomena have existed in ancient times. Feng Youlan's history of Chinese philosophy is also good. After reading the history of philosophy, you will know other philosophical books.
Both ethics and aesthetics can take an overview or a brief history. However, aesthetics must be based on some artistic practices.
Religion: religion is a project that Chinese education does not have. It is indeed the foundation of Western civilization. Christianity and Islam can also learn many things from the history of religion to help you understand the world. The Chinese three carriages are not only knowledgeable, but also have a great impact on your life and are worth further understanding.
Sociology is a difficult discipline. I have only read the Jiangcun economy. Reproductive System (which looks good) and a few small articles, but I think it is an urgent field but too complicated. If you are faced with so many annoying social problems, it will be very enlightening to look at sociology and be helpful to be a good person.
* ** It is a very shady discipline in China. Fortunately, many Westerners write about it. Plato has the ideal state, which can be viewed together with history. * ** + History is very important. You should first forget the principles of the *** course and start from scratch. In particular, the Chinese generally know too little about the concepts of democracy and freedom ** and some basic knowledge needs to be supplemented. Do not blame others for being bullied.
Laws can also be viewed together. Focus on some principles and cases. Of course, there is still a legal history.
Economics is very vital. Anyone who wants to make a fortune or be dissatisfied with society must read it. Clause's economics is the preferred bibliography of the School of Economics. Related: Capital Globalization, stock market and State-owned enterprise reform, social security, Chinese real estate, and simple accounting and taxation.
Cultural geography, media-related, and comparative culture are all interesting. Many of the best-selling books can be classified into this category.
Scientific Philosophy and the history of science must be read. Otherwise, it will be difficult. Pay special attention to the relationship between science and religion and art. Dan Peel's History of Science and the Emperor's new brain by Peng Rose are both very good.
Linguistics has a lot to do with philosophy. If you are interested, please take a look.
It's a pity that you don't talk about literature. This is an all-encompassing thing.
Arts and techniques are very important, but they do not rely mainly on reading books. Take at least one course. Because artistic concentration represents the role of perceptual thinking, and shares the same resonance with the whole science. Especially Overall Thinking and comprehensive perception. In fact, art is not difficult at the beginning, and it is difficult to make up your mind to start. Painting and classical music are basic and easy to get started. The progress of integrated art, such as photography and film, may be slow. It is better to have a living person as a teacher to learn art. It is difficult to think about it by yourself. This is also an important difficulty in learning art. Fortunately, the media is developed better. Don't hesitate. Who knows you are not an artistic genius.
Historical history is a master discipline in China. I wish I had done this in 5000. If it weren't for history, but for anything else, I am afraid it would be hard to achieve great success in China. A huge book like tang inbi's historical research may be quite tiring, but Huang renyu's great history of China, the 15-year calendar, was just a little relaxed and pleasant. The history of each subject is worth reading, and history itself is more interesting. However, historical textbooks are generally ugly, especially after ideology. Famous Historical masterpieces often have a distinctive and interesting view. Archaeology often involves art, and it is also a bit interesting, like adventure or criminal investigation. There are more and more related programs in discovery and 10 sets in the central government, which is really good.
I don't know about science and engineering. However, astronomy and ancient life are quite interesting to know.
In the above humanities classification, I think that reading 3-5 famous books in each category will look like 50 books. I have never seen it before. It is difficult to be a human. It is troublesome to be a doctor.

4. Develop long-term learning plans and implement them continuously.
Planning your own academic career should be at least five years for the end of your life and must be constantly adjusted. The most important thing in life is to constantly learn new things for life. Of course, the learning items must be constantly adjusted. In fact, today's Chinese society is still stable (compared to Rwanda or something! % ￥ ◎ #) According to the situation of practitioners at home and abroad, you can estimate the general steps of your life, especially if you devote yourself to academic research, it will be relatively stable, basically the school or research institution. Early planning and early action, short-term goals of 3-5 years, medium-term goals of 20 years, and life-related ideals. Even if you are not clear about it, it is several times better than never thinking about it.

5 Travel
Traveling is not just about playing, but about learning experiences that are not classified as written knowledge (You have to learn to play, and scholars are so depressed .....). Architect Bai Yuming said that the best teacher in his life is study tours. In fact, Confucius did this at that time. Reading a thousand books is a good journey. Remember to put out the exercises on a long-term plan.
Practice, if not learning knowledge, is the first step to create knowledge. Those who are depressed in reading books may wish to go out for a walk to see the bitter and natural scenery of the society. They will naturally become open-minded and can also find a girlfriend or something by the way. Some people say that a doctor is not funny, stupid, or stupid. It is not a qualified doctor. The doctor is not a nerd, and he is a good expert in all aspects. Entertainment, literature and art, humor, fashion, and fashion all require basic human knowledge and practical exercises. If you are too busy with your major, you can put it in your plan first, but don't take it back. This is not detailed.

6. degree and long-term planning
I heard that Hu Shi once regretted spending too much time on obtaining a doctorate without learning. Jin Yong also regretted spending time writing novels and not learning well (what is this !!!) It can be seen that the academic field is a bottomless pit. Since I started to understand what is going on (the General transaction is quite simple), I feel that my degree is really not that important. It takes a lifetime for academics to do it. A three-or five-year degree is only a small matter. People who have questions will not be troubled by their degree (not to say that they do not take a degree, but to say that they cannot take a degree ). At least we know whether we can cooperate for a few days in the industry. After learning the Doctor's expected abilities, the degree must be too important...

Well, there are still many things to do. I hope to share the above articles with doctoral students