Practical application of the WSN Routing Protocol in the wireless Routing Technology

Many people may not have a special understanding of the routing protocol of the sensor network. The following describes the routing protocol of the sensor network. With the development of communication, computer, network, information processing, sensing, and other technologies, we have been able to produce intelligent micro-sensors with fine, low-cost features such as sensing, information processing, and communication.

Smart micro-sensors can be placed on the ground, in the air, in the water, in the building, in transportation, or even in the body, they can measure the thermal, infrared, sonar, radar, and seismic wave signals in the surrounding environment, in this way, we can detect many material phenomena that interest people, including temperature, humidity, noise, light intensity, pressure, soil composition, moving object size, speed, and direction, and a flexible Network is formed through Wireless links. This is the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN ). Due to its flexible configuration, such as the ability to freely attach sensor nodes from an airplane), convenient networking, self-organizing ability), wide application range of micro-sensors can enter areas that are not accessible to people), and other advantages, it has shown broad application prospects in military, industrial, environmental, medical, and household fields.

The structure and features of WSN

Typical WSN consists of Base Station, BS) and many wireless sensors ). These sensors are used to monitor specific areas. They have the ability to send and receive independently, process data, and route data. They can communicate with each other or directly send information to BS. BS is a fixed or mobile node that connects a wireless sensor network to an existing network, such as the Internet. Compared with traditional networks, WSN has the following features:

1) the number of nodes is large, hundreds of thousands or even more.

2) node energy, storage space, computing power, and other resources are very limited. Because sensor nodes are often used in unattended environments, changing the battery or charging is unrealistic. Therefore, minimizing system power consumption is a key factor affecting the design of the Communication wireless network protocol (WSN.

3) nodes are densely distributed. This makes the data collected by each node redundant.

4) multi-hop communication. Due to the limited Signal Transmission range of low-power RF devices, WSN should be able to support multi-hop communication. Figure 1 shows the multi-hop transmission process from node A to BS.

5) highly adaptive autonomy. Due to the particularity of applications, the WSN must be self-configured, and many reasons such as node movement or energy depletion can lead to changes in the topology of the WSN, it requires strong adaptability and robustness.

The existing wireless network's WSN routing protocols, such as WLAN and Bluetooth, do not have self-organizing capabilities. Although Ad hoc has self-organizing capabilities, however, the routing protocols of all these systems do not meet the requirements of the WSN in terms of the number of nodes supported and the energy utilization rate. Therefore, we need to study new and suitable routing methods for the WSN.

WSN Routing Protocol

Over the past few years, a large number of researches have specifically designed many routing protocols for WSN. Based on different network structures, these Routing protocols can be divided into Flat Routing and Hierarchical Routing. The following describes the main content, features, and advantages and disadvantages of the two typical routing protocols. There are still some defects in the advertising mechanism. It cannot ensure data transmission, and there may be "Data blind spots ".

It is also very difficult to use a common routing protocol for WSN. Therefore, it is not a good way to classify various WSN routing protocols according to the application and design the appropriate routing protocols based on their different requirements for the WSN. In general, the current research on the routing technology of WSN is still in its infancy. Although the development is rapid and the results are remarkable, it is still a long way to support people's vision of the application prospects of WSN.